高考英語(yǔ)有關(guān)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的11個(gè)重要考點(diǎn)

　　一、考查不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的基本區(qū)別

　　從時(shí)間關(guān)系上看，不定式表未來(lái)，現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表完成，同時(shí)注意不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式也表完成(尤其是表示有明顯的先后關(guān)系的完成)；從主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)來(lái)看，不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)，同時(shí)注意不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式也表被動(dòng)(不定式的被動(dòng)式在表被動(dòng)的同時(shí)還兼表未來(lái)，現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式在表被動(dòng)的同時(shí)還兼表進(jìn)行)。如：

　　1. I send you 100 dollars today，the rest ＿＿＿＿ in a year. (2005湖南卷)

　　A. follows B. followed

　　C. to follow D. being followed

　　分析：答案選C。動(dòng)詞不定式表示未來(lái)的動(dòng)作。

　　2. ＿＿＿＿ from other continents for millions of years，Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. (2005湖北卷)

　　A. Being separated

　　B. Having separated

　　C. Having been separated

　　D. To be separated

　　分析：答案選 C。因?yàn)?Australia 與 separate 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且 separate 發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞has之前，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式作原因狀語(yǔ)。

　　二、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)式與被動(dòng)式

　　結(jié)合句子意思，考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與相應(yīng)邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，若為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用主動(dòng)式；若為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)式。此時(shí)要特別注意，過(guò)去分詞沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)式，因?yàn)樗�本身可以表示被�?dòng)。如：

　　1. The repairs cost a lot，but it’s money well ＿＿＿. (2005湖北卷)

　　A. to spend B. spent

　　C. being spent D. spending

　　分析：答案選 B。因 money 與 spend 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞。

　　2. The prize of the game show is ＄30，000 and an all expenses ＿＿＿＿ vacation to China.(2005北京卷)

　　A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid

　　分析：答案選 B。因 all expenses 與 pay 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。注意句中的 an 不是修飾 expenses，而是修飾 vacation。

　　3. When ＿＿＿＿ help，one often says，“Thank you.” Or “It’s kind of you.” (2005福建卷)

　　A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered

　　分析：答案選D。因一個(gè)人說(shuō)“謝謝”，應(yīng)當(dāng)是他“被”提供了幫助，所以要用過(guò)去分詞，When offered help... 可視為When he is offered help...之省略。

　　三、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞完成式的用法

　　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(不定式、動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞)的完成式主要表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作。做題時(shí)要注意根據(jù)題干所提供的語(yǔ)境來(lái)推斷這種先后關(guān)系。如：

　　1. The storm left，＿＿＿＿ a lot of damage to this area. (2005全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)

　　A. caused B. to have caused

　　C. to cause D. having caused

　　分析：答案選 D。因 The storm 與 cause 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除選項(xiàng)A；不定式作狀語(yǔ)，前面通常不用逗號(hào)，排除 B 和 C；因暴風(fēng)雨給這個(gè)地區(qū)“造成損失”是在“結(jié)束”之前，所以用完成式。

　　2. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays，＿＿＿＿advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. (2005上海卷)

　　A. taking B. taken

　　C. having taken D. having been taken

　　分析：答案選 A。因 people 與 take advantage of 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除選項(xiàng) B 和 D；take不會(huì)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ) are signing up 之前，不用完成式，排除 C。

　　四、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)

　　在通常情況下，表伴隨情況的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。如：

　　1. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted，＿＿＿＿ away. (2005全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)

　　A. run B. running

　　C. to run D. ran

　　分析：答案選 B�，F(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。

　　2. He glanced over at her，＿＿＿＿ that though she was tiny；she seemed very well put together. (2005廣東卷)

　　A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted

　　分析：答案選 A。因?yàn)?he 與 note 是主謂關(guān)系，且 note 與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 glanced 的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。

　　3. Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing，as long as we were together，＿＿＿＿ fun. (2005重慶卷)

　　A. had B. have C. to have D. having

　　分析：答案選 D。用現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨情況。

　　說(shuō)明：有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞也可表伴隨(注意過(guò)去分詞同時(shí)還表被動(dòng)關(guān)系)，但高考很少考查此用法。如：

　　He came in，followed by his wife. 他走了進(jìn)來(lái)，后面跟著他的妻子。

　　五、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作目的狀語(yǔ)

　　在通常情況下，用作目的狀語(yǔ)只能是不定式。如：

　　1.“Can the project be finished as planned?” “Sure，＿＿＿＿ it completed in time，we’ll work two more hours a day.”(2005福建卷)

　　A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get

　　分析：答案選B。作目的狀語(yǔ)只能用動(dòng)詞不定式。

　　2. ＿＿＿＿ more about university courses，call (920) 746-3789. (2005浙江卷)

　　A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out

　　分析：答案選 A。作目的狀語(yǔ)要用動(dòng)詞不定式。

　　3. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ＿＿＿＿ a look at the sports stars. (2005上海卷)

　　A. had B. having C. to have D. have

　　分析：答案選 C�！翱纯大w育明星”是“在體育館外等三個(gè)小時(shí)”的目的，作目的狀語(yǔ)只能用動(dòng)詞不定式。

　　六、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)

　　1. 用現(xiàn)在分詞表結(jié)果。如：

　　He fired，killing one of the passers-by. 他開槍了，打死了一個(gè)過(guò)路人。

　　Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，＿＿＿＿ a record US $ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. (2005山東卷)

　　A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching

　　分析：答案選 B。伴隨著謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果，用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。

　　2. 用不定式表結(jié)果。如：

　　He returned home to find his wife waiting for him. 他回到家發(fā)現(xiàn)他的妻子在等他。

　　He hurried to the station only ＿＿＿＿ that the train had left. (2005廣東卷)

　　A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found

　　分析：答案選 A。only后接不定式表結(jié)果時(shí)通常指一種意想不到的結(jié)果，常譯為“結(jié)果卻，不料”。

　　七、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

　　原則上說(shuō)，所有的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式均可用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，其區(qū)別是：不定式表未來(lái)，現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表完成和被動(dòng)。如：

　　1. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ＿＿＿＿. (2005北京卷)

　　A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on

　　分析：答案選 A。作 with 的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，排除選項(xiàng) B 和 C；與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，排除表示將來(lái)的不定式選項(xiàng) D。

　　2. You should understand the traffic rule by now.You’ve had it ＿＿＿＿ often enough.(2005天津卷)

　　A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained

　　分析：答案選 D。賓語(yǔ) it 與 explain 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。

　　八、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)問(wèn)題

　　按照英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與句子一致，否則就應(yīng)調(diào)整句子結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

　　While watching television，＿＿＿＿. (2005全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)

　　A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings

　　C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings

　　分析：答案選 C。因?yàn)?watching 的邏輯主語(yǔ)一定是 we，排除選項(xiàng) A 和 B；又因在hear 后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的是省略了 to 的不定式，所以選項(xiàng)D中的 rings 是錯(cuò)誤的。

　　九、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作主語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題

　　原則上說(shuō)，動(dòng)詞用作主語(yǔ)，只能是不定式或動(dòng)名詞，不能是分詞形式。這類考題還往往用動(dòng)詞原形作為干擾項(xiàng)進(jìn)行考查，同學(xué)們做題需引起注意。如：

　　It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ＿＿＿＿ the answers ready will be of great help. (2005北京卷)

　　A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having

　　分析：答案選 D。動(dòng)名詞的一般式用作主語(yǔ)。

　　十、考查“(be +)過(guò)去分詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)

　　有一類“be+過(guò)去分詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，如 be interested in，be worried about，be lost in，be dressed in 等，也往往是命題的熱點(diǎn)。如：

　　1. ＿＿＿＿ in the mountains for a week，the two students were finally saved by the local police. (2005江蘇卷)

　　A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing

　　分析：答案選 B。因表示“迷路于”是lose oneself in，題中沒(méi)有 oneself，所以 the two students 與 lose 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。

　　2. ＿＿＿＿ in a white uniform，he looks more like a cook than a doctor. (2005湖南卷)

　　A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed

　　分析：答案選 A。由 dress 的賓語(yǔ)一定是人或 oneself 可知，dress 與 he 是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即 he 與 dress 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，Dressed in...=As he is dressed in...

　　十一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的綜合考查

　　有時(shí)命題者會(huì)將多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)綜合起來(lái)進(jìn)行考查，如在考查被動(dòng)式的同時(shí)兼考完成式，在考查不定式的同時(shí)兼考分詞，等等。如：

　　1. I don’t want ＿＿＿＿ like I’m speaking ill of anybody，but the manager’s plan is unfair.(2005天津卷)

　　A. to sound B. to be sounded

　　C. sounding D. to have sounded

　　分析：答案選 A。表示“想要做某事”want 后只能接 to do，排除選項(xiàng) C；sound like 中 sound 是系動(dòng)詞，屬不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除選項(xiàng) B；sound 發(fā)生在 want 后，故不用完成式，排除選項(xiàng) D。

　　2. “Is Bob still performing?” “I’m afraid not. He is said ＿＿＿＿ the stage already as he has become an official.” (2005江蘇卷)

　　A. to have left B. to leave

　　C. to have been left D. to be left

　　分析：答案選 A。因 he 與 leave 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，不用被動(dòng)式，排除選項(xiàng) C 和 D；由 already 可知，要用完成式。