高考英語語法——省略句

　　省略句的基本情況總結(jié)

　　省略句的基本情況分為以下三個(gè)方面：

　　1.為避免重復(fù)而進(jìn)行的省略。

　　當(dāng)一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)或更多相同的詞、短語出現(xiàn)時(shí)，其中的第一個(gè)須保留，其余的往往省略，以達(dá)到避免重復(fù)、使句子簡練的目的。高考中尤其要注意的情況是：當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、方式狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、條件狀語從句等狀語從句中的主語與主句的主語一致并含有be時(shí)，往往將該狀語從句中的主語和be一同省略。例如： He hurt himself while (he was) playing basketball.他在打籃球時(shí)受了傷。// He works very hard though (he is) still rather weak.他雖然身體還很虛弱，但他非常努力地工作。

　　2.語法上的省略。

　　有些成分的省略是出于語法上的原因——使表述更為簡明，例如： He got up at six (o’clock).他六點(diǎn)鐘起床。// He is twelve (years old).他十二歲。// I walked (for) ten miles.我走了十英里路。

　　3.習(xí)慣用法上的省略。

　　有些省略句的情況是出于習(xí)慣用法，尤其是在口語中。例如，在問句中be常常省略，有時(shí)連主語一起省略： Very easy?很簡單嗎？// Feeling unwell?感覺不舒服嗎？

　　又如以what, how或why開頭的某些問句： What (happened) next?下面要發(fā)生什么？// Why not?為什么不？// Why so?為什么這樣？

　　備考高考需要重點(diǎn)理解“為避免重復(fù)而進(jìn)行的省略”這一情況。

　　［考題1］ He has made a lot of films, but ____ good ones. (2007北京)

　　A. any B. some C. few D. many

　�。鄞鸢福� C

　�。劢馕觯菹聞澗�處之前的but決定了只能選擇具有否定含義的選項(xiàng)C。題干中的“few good ones”為省略句形式，單獨(dú)看起來不好理解，應(yīng)聯(lián)系上文理解為“He has made few good films.”

　�。劭碱}2］ ____ and I’ll get the work finished. (2006重慶)

　　A. Have one more hour B. One more hour

　　C. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour

　�。鄞鸢福� B

　�。劢馕觯荼硎緯r(shí)間的名詞one more hour在這里相當(dāng)于祈使句“Give me one more hour.”，與and后面的陳述句并列，表示時(shí)間的名詞經(jīng)�？梢砸詥为�(dú)出現(xiàn)的省略形式表示一個(gè)祈使句的含義。

　　［考題3］ After he became conscious, he remembered ____ and ____ on the head with a rod. (2006江西)

　　A. to attack; hit B. to be attacked; to be hit

　　C. attacking; be hit D. having been attacked; hit

　�。鄞鸢福� D

　�。劢馕觯荼硎舅�清醒之后回憶起過去發(fā)生的情況，應(yīng)選用動名詞的形式而不是不定式的形式，先排除選項(xiàng)A和B；由于主語是被襲擊，應(yīng)表示出被動語態(tài)，進(jìn)一步排除C而選出D。D選項(xiàng)中的hit前省略了與其并列的賓語當(dāng)中相同的“having been”。

　�。劭碱}4］ The police found that the house ____ and a lot of things ____.(1990)

　　A. has broken into; has been stolen

　　B. had broken into; had been stolen

　　C. has been broken into; stolen

　　D. had been broken into; stolen

　�。鄞鸢福� D

　�。劢馕觯� 主句謂語動詞found后有兩個(gè)并列的賓語從句， 兩個(gè)賓語從句中的主語the house和a lot of things都是物， 兩個(gè)賓語從句中的謂語動詞都應(yīng)采用過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)形式來表示在警方發(fā)現(xiàn)之前已經(jīng)完成的被動動作， 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中前半部分采用了過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)形式的只有選項(xiàng)D， 因此應(yīng)選D。本題第二個(gè)下劃線處采用了stolen的形式， 這屬于為避免重復(fù)而省略的形式， 省略了與前一賓語從句相同的成分had been。

　�。劭碱}5］ One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and ____. (2000北京、安徽春)

　　A. the other is white B. another white

　　C. the other white　D. another is white

　�。鄞鸢福� C

　�。劢馕觯萏刂改景宓牧硪粋�(cè)應(yīng)使用定冠詞the，因此首先要排除表示泛指意義的選項(xiàng)B和D；又因?yàn)锳選項(xiàng)不能表示出與前面分句一致的被動動作，因此選C。本題下劃線處采用了the other white的形式，這屬于為避免重復(fù)而使用的省略句，其完整形式為“the other side of the board should be painted white”。

　�。劭碱}6］ The research is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to change it. (2002)

　　A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun

　　［答案］ D

　�。劢馕觯� once后省略了it(指前面剛被提及的the research) is，下劃線表示一個(gè)“(研究)被開始，被啟動”的被動動作，應(yīng)該采用過去分詞的形式，因此本題選D。注意：本題題干中省略的it(the research) is是順承上文而自然進(jìn)行的省略，被省略后仍可以很清楚地把握它的意思，而且使得整個(gè)句子更為簡練。

　�。劭碱}7］ He speaks English well indeed, but of course not ____ a native speaker. (2004上海)

　　A. as fluent as B. more fluent than

　　C. so fluently as D. much fluently than

　　［答案］ C

　�。劢馕觯� but在本題中作并列連詞連接兩個(gè)分句， 后一分句屬于省略句， 為了避免重復(fù)而省略了主句中的主語he和比較狀語從句中的謂語speaks English， 由此可以看出題干中是在對he和a native speaker說英語的熟練程度進(jìn)行比較。說英語的熟練程度應(yīng)選用副詞fluently， 所以首先排除選項(xiàng)A、 B； much fluently than中than前面沒有出現(xiàn)fluently的比較級的形式， 應(yīng)進(jìn)一步排除選項(xiàng)D而選出C。

　�。劭碱}8］ No matter how frequently ____, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. (2006廣東)

　　A. performed B. performing

　　C. to be performed D. being performed

　�。鄞鸢福� A

　�。劢馕觯蓊}干中讓步狀語從句的原型為no matter how frequently they are performed(無論這些作品是如何經(jīng)常地被表演)，其中的they are可以省略。

　�。劭碱}9］ The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ____ every day. (2007四川)

　　A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water

　�。鄞鸢福� A

　�。劢馕觯輻l件狀語從句的主語是被省略掉的與主句主語相同的the flowers，由于下劃線要表示“(花)被澆水”的被動動作，因此只能選表示被動動作的選項(xiàng)A， watered之前可以加上被省略的they are。

　　本章補(bǔ)充強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練題

　　1. — Are there any English story books for us students in the library?

　　— There are only a few, ____.

　　A. if any B. if there C. if some D. if has

　　2. — Would you like to go with us?

　　— Yes, ____.

　　A. I’d B. I’d like C. I’d like to D. I’d like to do

　　3. — Would you like to have a try once again?

　　— ____.

　　A. Yes, I like B. No, I don’t like it

　　C. Yes, I want very much D. Yes, I’d like to

　　4. — What do you think made Mary so upset?

　　— ____ her bicycle.

　　A. As she lost B. Lost

　　C. Losing D. Because of losing

　　5. — When did they get down to the job?

　　— ____.

　　A. Until they left B. Till they arrived

　　C. Since they finished it D. Not until they turned to me

　　6. — Are you angry?

　　— Yes. He should at least answer when ____.

　　A. speaking B. spoken to C. spoken D. speaking to

　　本章補(bǔ)充強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練題參考答案

　　1. A 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. B