08年高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí):運(yùn)用上下文構(gòu)詞法猜詞
2008-04-25 14:50:28城市快報(bào)文章作者:段勝利
南開中學(xué) 段勝利
2.用構(gòu)詞法猜詞重要的是記好詞干意義
在運(yùn)用上下文猜測(cè)詞義的同時(shí),還可以“拆分詞匯”,通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法的線索來(lái)有效猜詞。
我們知道,單詞從構(gòu)詞法來(lái)說(shuō),可以有:前綴+詞干+后綴,其中詞干決定單詞的基本詞義,前綴可以在基本詞義基礎(chǔ)上衍生不同詞義的單詞,而后綴通常表明詞性。在猜詞中,我們可以利用這方面的知識(shí),對(duì)生詞加以識(shí)別。這其中,最關(guān)鍵的是要多記詞干的意義。
例一:Ottawahasgivenoutspecialpassestosome300UScitizensinthatareasotheycanenterthecountrywhenCanadiancustomsstationsareclosed,buttheUSstoppedasimilarprogramlastMay.Thatforcesthepeopletoa200-miledetouralonghillyroadstogethomethroughanotherbordercheckpoint.
Theunderlinedword"detour"intheparagraphmeans.
A.adrivethroughthetown
B.araceacrossthefields
C.aroundaboutwayoftravelling
D.ajourneyinthemountainarea
答案C。tour=turn,tour漫游;旅行等;這里前綴de=dis=away,說(shuō)明偏離原道,因此轉(zhuǎn)義繞道,改道,繞道而行。
例二:Towardstheevening,therecomesthegrandfinaleoftheopeningday,anextremelyexcitinghorserace.
Theunderlinedword"finale"intheparagraphmostprobablymeansthe________oftheopeningday.
A.firstpartB.middle
C.lastpartD.whole
答案C。fin=end,我們所了解的final(adj.最終的,n.決賽),finish(v.結(jié)束),finite(adj.有限的)等詞,都含著“結(jié)束”之意。這里的finale就是終曲,終場(chǎng)之意。又如下面一題:
TherewasyetanotherhighschoollistImade.OnedayIcameacrossanewspaperarticleaboutanEnglishprofessoratanearbystatecollege.Thearticlehadalistofthe"hundredmostimportantbooksofWesternCivilization.""Morethananythingelseinmylife,"theprofessortoldthereporterwithfinality,"thesebookshavemademeallthatIam."ThatwasthekindofwordsIcouldn’tignore(忽視).Ikeptthelistfortheseveralmonthsittookmetoreadallofthetitles.
Theunderlinedphrase"withfinality"probablymeans_____.
A.firmlyB.clearly
C.proudlyD.pleasantly
答案A。withfinality中的finality讓人聯(lián)想到“最終”,因此應(yīng)當(dāng)有堅(jiān)定,果斷等意,故選擇firmly。
例三:ShopkeepersinModburypopulation1,500,agreedtostophandingoutdisposableplasticbagstocustomersonSaturday.Theysaidpapersacksandclothcarrierbagswouldbeofferedinstead.
Theunderlinedword"disposable"inthepassageprobablymeans_______.
A.acceptableB.valuable
C.throw-awayD.long-lasting
答案C。disposable=dis+pos+able,其中pos=place;put,dis=apart,able表示可能的,這就有了可任意處置、用完即丟的含義。