高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)口訣(2)
2011-08-22 13:23:41新浪網(wǎng)
七、邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注
與句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,屬于邏輯性錯(cuò)誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴,人名、地名、時(shí)間、方位等方面的錯(cuò)誤,常是這類錯(cuò)誤的考查對(duì)象。例如:
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)
First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)
… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)
上述第一例中的主語(yǔ)是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆),因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思,才開(kāi)始告訴別人,怎么能說(shuō)“再告訴你一些事”?第三例講的是為了解決看電視時(shí)的爭(zhēng)端,“我們”把電視機(jī)賣了;晚上沒(méi)電視看了,所以與從前一樣,大家又都讀書(shū)了,所以該用 everyone。
除了上述錯(cuò)誤類型外,常考的錯(cuò)誤形式還有:連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯(cuò)誤(可以歸類為邏輯錯(cuò)誤),以及冠詞的用法錯(cuò)誤等。例如:
She was smiling but nodding at me. (and)
It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (or)
We may be one family and live under a same roof. (the)
下面是2002年全國(guó)高考試題中的短文改錯(cuò)題。這道題較全面地反映了本文的口訣,F(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你試著做一做,然后參閱題后的答案與簡(jiǎn)析。
Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei
Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows,it’s famous 76. _____
Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _____
Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _____
the mountain,the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _____
climbed the mountain,we ed monkeys,visiting temples 80. _____
and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._____
since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _____
Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _____
of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _____
good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _____
head touched the pillow.
答案與簡(jiǎn)析:
76. famous前加上a.(名詞數(shù))
77. 正確
78. we前面加when,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。(句子成分多分析)
79. them→us (邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注)
80. visiting→visited(非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別)
81. picture→pictures(名詞數(shù))
82. passes→passed(動(dòng)詞形)
83. 去掉down(習(xí)慣用法要記。
84. and→but(but,and,or和so)
85. 去掉at(句子成分多分析 / 習(xí)慣用法要記。
改錯(cuò)要想拿高分
語(yǔ)法口訣要記牢
(一)見(jiàn)到謂語(yǔ)找主語(yǔ),主謂一致找狀語(yǔ)
見(jiàn)到名詞想多數(shù),可不可數(shù)要記牢
見(jiàn)到平行看結(jié)構(gòu),形式功能要對(duì)稱
見(jiàn)到代詞找指代,指代通常不合理
帶賓語(yǔ)必帶to,不帶賓語(yǔ)不帶 to
小小of常抓的點(diǎn),of前名詞adj最高級(jí)
比較級(jí)不修飾比較級(jí),最高級(jí)不修飾最高級(jí)
(二)謂與非謂經(jīng);
謂語(yǔ)句中就一個(gè)
其余動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)
常見(jiàn)形式有三種
v-ing ,v-ed和to do
主謂通常v-ing
動(dòng)賓通常v-ed
現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)
過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)
目的要用不定式
by前有過(guò)去分詞相擁
by后有動(dòng)名詞后抱
介詞后跟動(dòng)名詞
時(shí)態(tài)基點(diǎn)要搞清
現(xiàn)在還是過(guò)去時(shí)