高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：數(shù)詞與連詞

2016-02-23 14:49:49中國(guó)教育在線

　　數(shù)詞一般與其它知識(shí)綜合起來(lái)考察，比如倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方法，多個(gè)形容詞的排列順序等。近幾年語(yǔ)境綜合化程度越來(lái)越高。

　　連詞按其性質(zhì),分為并列連詞和從屬連詞,考點(diǎn)分布在單項(xiàng)選擇?完形填空和短文改錯(cuò)中?《英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱》和《考試大綱》語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目表中對(duì)連詞的考查是這樣描述的:掌握詞匯表中所列連詞的用法?即要求考生分析句子成分,把握語(yǔ)境和邏輯關(guān)系,恰當(dāng)選擇合適連詞,使句意通順,邏輯清楚?連接代詞或連接副詞用于名詞性從句,統(tǒng)稱連接詞?

　　連詞考點(diǎn)透析

　　考點(diǎn)一、?特殊并列連詞while/when

　　例1. I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel _______ I heard the steps. (2006年高考湖南卷)

　　A. while

　　B. when

　　C. since

　　D. after

　　例2.I’d like to study law at university _______ my cousin prefers geography. (2007年高考四川卷)

　　A. thoughB. as

　　C. while

　　D. for

　　[解析]B?C?作并列連詞時(shí),when/while用法較為特殊,二者區(qū)別是:while表兩相對(duì)照;而when表突然?在那時(shí),常見(jiàn)于be about to do...when和hardly...when等句型中?

　　考點(diǎn)二、表示原因的連詞for/because/as/since

　　例3.He found it increasingly difficult to read, _____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.(2006年高考北京卷)

　　A. and

　　B. for

　　C. but

　　D. or

　　例4.Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, ______ this was a memory she especially treasured. (2006年高考廣東卷)

　　A. as

　　B. if

　　C. when

　　D. where

　　例5.Parents should take seriously their children’s requests for sunglasses ________ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.(2004年高考上海卷)

　　A. because B. though

　　C. unless

　　D. if

　　例6._____ everybody knows about it, I don’t want to talk any more.

　　A. For

　　B. Even

　　C. Since

　　D. However

　　[解析]B?A?A?C?引導(dǎo)原因連詞,as/because/ since/ for的區(qū)別是:because語(yǔ)勢(shì)最強(qiáng),用來(lái)說(shuō)明人所未知的原因,回答why提出的問(wèn)題,可置于強(qiáng)調(diào)句中且其前可加修飾語(yǔ); since是雙方都知曉原因或經(jīng)過(guò)分析而得之的原因,語(yǔ)氣次之;for是并列連詞,前用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),表邏輯推理或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明;as語(yǔ)氣最弱,原因是顯而易見(jiàn)的或已為人們所知,即已知原因,所引導(dǎo)的分句可置于句首?

　　考點(diǎn)三、并列連詞but/yet/though

　　例7. Excuse me for breaking in, ______ I have some news for you.

　　A. so

　　B. and

　　C. but

　　D. yet

　　[解析]C?but和yet 是連詞,可等同使用,但也有區(qū)別?yet與and連用,構(gòu)成and yet,但but卻無(wú)此用法;在“Excuse me/I’m sorry/I hope you don’t mind…but”中,只用but,不用yet?因?yàn)樵诒硎緦?duì)照或?qū)αr(shí),but較為輕松自然;而yet卻較為強(qiáng)烈,常出人意料;though作并列連詞時(shí),只能引導(dǎo)分句且其前須加逗號(hào)?例:I’ll try to come, though I don’t think I shall manage it.

　　考點(diǎn)四、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞that/whether/if

　　例8.The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007 年高考上海卷)

　　A. when

　　B. why

　　C. whether

　　D. that

　　例9.We haven’t settled the question of _____ it is necessary for him to study abroad. ( 2006年高考江蘇卷)

　　A. if

　　B. where

　　C. whetherD. that

　　[解析]D?C?引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞that與whether的區(qū)別是:句子成分完整且表意確定時(shí)選用that連接,句意不確定時(shí)選用whether/if連接;借助it,將真正主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)后置,構(gòu)成“It…that”句型,但whether/if不可;下列情形用whether不用if:與or not 連用,中間無(wú)其他詞隔開(kāi);作介詞賓語(yǔ);在主語(yǔ)從句?表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中?例:

　　Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

　　考點(diǎn)五、表示比較的從屬連詞what/as

　　例10. Engines are to machines ______ hearts are to animals. (2006年高考山東卷)

　　A. as

　　B. that

　　C. what

　　D. which

　　例11._____ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.(2005年高考浙江卷)

　　A. WhenB. After

　　C. As

　　D. Since

　　例12.What a table! I’ve never seen such a thing before. It is ________ it is long.(2005年高考湖北卷)

　　A. half not as wide as

　　B. wide not as half as

　　C. not half as wide as

　　D. as wide as not half

　　[解析]C?C?C?what用作從屬連詞,表比較,用于A is to B what C is to D結(jié)構(gòu)中;而as表示原級(jí)比較,常用于as...as結(jié)構(gòu)中,程度修飾語(yǔ)應(yīng)置于第一個(gè)as之前,嵌入的形容詞或副詞使用原級(jí)?另外as還表“正如?按照”,引導(dǎo)方式連詞?

　　考點(diǎn)六、表示條件的從屬連詞if /unless/as long as/once

　　例13. ________ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.

　　A. Even thoughB. UnlessC. As long asD. While

　　例14.Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ____ they are not managed carefully.(2007年高考上海卷)

　　A. though

　　B. before

　　C. until

　　D. if

　　例15.You will be successful in the interview ____ you have confidence. (2007年高考福建卷)

　　A. before

　　B. once

　　C. until

　　D. though

　　例16.I won’t call you, _____ something unexpected happens.(2007年考全國(guó)卷)

　　A. unlessB. whether C. becauseD. while

　　[解析]C?D?B?A?表?xiàng)l件的連詞if/unless/as long as/unless在用法上存在一些差異?as long as用法同only if/on condition that,強(qiáng)調(diào)某事的發(fā)生以另一事件的發(fā)生為前提;if為正面條件,可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生好的或壞的結(jié)果,若某種條件產(chǎn)生壞的結(jié)果,此時(shí)的if可用as long as替換; unless為反面條件,表示除非,如果不,故在真實(shí)條件句中常和if…not換用;once既表時(shí)間,又包含條件,譯作一旦?

　　考點(diǎn)七、表示讓步的從屬連詞although/when/while

　　例17. We had to wait half an hour _______ we had already booked a table. (2007年高考遼寧卷)

　　A. sinceB. although

　　C. until

　　D. before

　　例18.______I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive. (2007年高考山東卷)

　　A. As

　　B. Since

　　C. If

　　D. While

　　【解析】B?D?although/when/while均可表示讓步,后兩者的用法較為特殊?although/though引導(dǎo)讓步連詞時(shí)不與but和yet連用;而while卻表示“部分接受,但并非全部”,或用于“強(qiáng)調(diào)兩種情況?活動(dòng)等之間的差距”;when也可表示雖然,盡管,同even if,常置于句末?

　　【精選試題】名校模擬題及其答案

　　1.China won 100 medals in the Beijing Olympic Games，which are almost those of the sydney Olypic Games.

　　A. twice as many as B.as many as twice

　　C.as much as twice D twice as much as

　　2. Hawking became world-famous in 。

　　A his thirties in the 1970’s B.the thirties in his 1970

　　C.his thirties in 1970s D.the thirties during the 1970

　　3.We’d better hurry up. of the time used up.

　　A Two-thirds：are B Two-thirds;has been C.Two-third：is D.Two-thirds;have been

　　4.一What canI dofor you?

　　一I’d like to take these tomatoes.

　　A two dozen of B two dozen C.two dozens D two dozens of

　　5.一How long will you stay here?

　　一For .

　　A a day or two B.one day and two

　　C one or two day D one and two day

　　6.I bought a big fridge，which ccupied about of the space in my kichen.

　　A two five B two-fifth C.second fifth Dtwo-fifth

　　7. The weight of a male lion can reach 240kg, an adult man，while a lioness call reach up to 180kg

　　A the three times weght of B.three times the weisht of

　　C.as three times heavy as D.three times as heavier as

　　8. he said he wasn’t hungry at all，he ate a big breakfast.

　　A. Unless B.Because C.Though D.If

　　9. the Olympic Games cost us a lot，it bridged the distance between people and developed friendship.

　　A.What B.While C If D.As

　　10. the interview in Boston lasted so long，I missed my connecting flight to New York.

　　A Due to B.So long as C As D.Despite

　　11.Our government took measures in time to protect children who had taken Sanlu baby milk powder it was too late.

　　A now that B as long as C unless D before

　　12 As long as I call remember, I called，his wife would answer the phone.

　　A however B whenever C whatever D.whichever

　　13. Countless people in developing countries no longer suffer from malnutrition. ，poverty remains a problem worldwide.

　　A While B Nevertheless C.Besides D In addition

　　14.I’m sorry you’ve been waiting for us so long，but it’s still be some time the meeting starts.

　　A before B since C till D after

　　15.一Would you like to go to see the film—THE KNOT with me?

　　一Sorry. I have seen it.

　　A though B.unless C.when D but

　　16. Children’s brains can’t develop properly they lack protein

　　A when B since C because D unless

　　17. the two are only days apart in age，they seem to belong to wholly different generatioas.

　　A While B If C As D.Since

　　18.—They don’t have much in their house yet.

　　一 they’planning to live here only until Bob gets his degree，they don’t want to buy much furniture.

　　A.Since B While C Although D Aslong as

　　19.Love is just a word someone ecomes along and gives it meaning.

　　A.if B.until C after D when

　　20.All people, they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster

　　A even if B whether C no matter D however

　　21. “Shall we stop for lunch _____ shall we drive on?” “Let’s stop for lunch, but the driver can’t drink _____ drive.”

　　A. and, and B. or, or

　　C. and, or D. or,and

　　22. “_____ when does the pub stay open?” “About midnight.”

　　A. Since...B. Before

　　C. Until...D. After

　　23. “Would you like tea _____ coffee?” “_____, thanks.”

　　A. or, No B. and, Either

　　C. or, Neither D. and, Each

　　24. He imagines that people don’t like him, _____ they do.

　　A. and B. then

　　C. so D. but

　　25. I firmly believe _____ he said at the meeting was right.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. that what D. what that

　　26. Will you deliver, _____ do I have to come to the shop to collect the goods?

　　A. and B. or

　　C. so D. then

　　27 I’d like to study law at university _______ my cousin prefers geography.

　　A. though

　　B. as

　　C. while

　　D. for

　　28(2007年高考北京卷).He found it increasingly difficult to read, _____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.

　　A. and

　　B. for

　　C. but

　　D. or

　　29Excuse me for breaking in, ______ I have some news for you.

　　A. so

　　B. and

　　C. but

　　D. yet

　　30. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.

　　A. when

　　B. why

　　C. whether

　　D. that

　　【答案與解析】

　　1 A�！窘馕觥靠疾楸稊�(shù)表達(dá)法。此處符合A+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+倍數(shù)十a(chǎn)s+adj/adv(原級(jí))+as+B結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　2 A�！窘馕觥靠疾閿�(shù)次的用法。in one’s thirties意為在某人三十多歲時(shí)，in/during the 1970o’s意為在20世紀(jì)70年代。

　　3 B�！窘馕觥靠疾榉�?jǐn)?shù)的用法及主謂一致。分子大于二時(shí)分母的序數(shù)詞要加s。Two-thirds of time作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故答案選B。

　　4 A。【解析】dozen，score前面有基數(shù)詞時(shí)，dozen和score不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式，后面通常也不能接of。但當(dāng)名詞前有the，those，these修飾時(shí)，則后面必須加上of，表示……中的……。故答案選A。

　　5 A�！窘馕觥縜 day or two是習(xí)慣說(shuō)法，意思是一兩天，也可以a day or two days。

　　6 D�！窘馕觥靠疾榉�?jǐn)?shù)的構(gòu)成。分子大于二時(shí)分母的序數(shù)詞要加s。

　　7 B。【解析】考查倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方法。此處應(yīng)運(yùn)用倍數(shù)+the+名詞+of結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　8 C�！窘馕觥看颂巘hought引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：盡管他說(shuō)不餓，但早餐他吃了很多。

　　9 B�！窘馕觥靠疾檫B詞while的用法。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可看出此處需要填人一個(gè)表示讓步意義的詞，whtle在此為從屬連詞，意為盡管。

　　10C�！窘馕觥靠疾檫B詞as的用法。從題意看，前半句應(yīng)該是原因，后面是結(jié)果。due to由于，表原因，是介詞短語(yǔ)，不能跟句子;So long as只要，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從，.Despite盡管是介詞，不能跟句子;as意思是由于。故答案選C。

　　11 D�！窘馕觥靠疾檫B詞before的用法。句意：在事態(tài)嚴(yán)重之前，我國(guó)政府及時(shí)采取措施來(lái)保護(hù)那些喝了三鹿嬰幼兒奶粉的孩子們。

　　12 B�！窘馕觥縲henever此處是無(wú)論何時(shí)的意思，相當(dāng)于no matter when。

　　13 B�！窘馕觥拷Y(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，B是正確答案。Nevertheless然而，不過(guò)。

　　14.A�！窘馕觥靠疾檫B詞的用法。it’11 still be some time before……是一個(gè)句型，表示在……之前有一段時(shí)間了。

　　15 D�！窘馕觥靠疾檫B詞的用法。句意：一你和我一起去看電影《云水謠》好嗎?一對(duì)不起，我已經(jīng)看過(guò)丁。根據(jù)題意可知，答案應(yīng)該選D。

　　16 A。【解析】本題中when引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于if。句意：如果孩子缺少蛋白質(zhì)，他們的大腦就會(huì)發(fā)育不良}，

　　17 A。【解析】考查連詞while的用法。句意：盡管這兩個(gè)人的年齡只有幾天之差，但是看起來(lái)完全不像是一代人。

　　18 D�！窘馕觥靠疾檫B詞since的用法。根據(jù)題意可知，此處表原因，故答案選D。

　　19 B�！窘馕觥縰ntill直到…為止。句意：愛(ài)只是一個(gè)字，直到某人出現(xiàn)并給予它真正的內(nèi)涵。

　　20 B�！窘馕觥靠疾楣潭ù肱鋡hether……or……的用法，句意：自從那次災(zāi)難以后，所有的人，不論老人還是年輕人、富人還是窮人，都在努力幫助那些需要幫助的人。

　　21.【解析】選D，第一空填 or，表選擇;第二空填 and，can’t drink and drive 指不能同時(shí)既喝酒又開(kāi)車，即不能酒后開(kāi)車。

　　22.【解析】選C，句意為“這家酒店開(kāi)門到什么?(或這家酒店什么時(shí)候關(guān)門?)”

　　23. 【解析】選C，選項(xiàng)A用No來(lái)回答選擇疑問(wèn)句，不妥;選項(xiàng)B用 and 連接 tea 與 coffee，說(shuō)明問(wèn)句并非提供選擇，而答語(yǔ)卻用了 either 這樣表選擇性的詞語(yǔ)，也不妥;選項(xiàng)D與語(yǔ)境不符。

　　24. 【解析】選D，前后意思轉(zhuǎn)折，故選 but.注：but they do = but they like him.

　　25【解析】選C，that 為引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞，在 that what he said at the meeting was right 這一賓語(yǔ)從句中，又包含有what he said at the meeting 這一主語(yǔ)從句，而在該主語(yǔ)從句中，what用作動(dòng)詞 said 的賓語(yǔ)。

　　26【解析】選B，or 表選擇。

　　27 [解析] C?作并列連詞時(shí),when/while用法較為特殊,二者區(qū)別是:while表兩相對(duì)照;而when表突然?在那時(shí),常見(jiàn)于be about to do...when和hardly...when等句型中?

　　28 [解析]B引導(dǎo)原因連詞,as/because/ since/ for的區(qū)別是:because語(yǔ)勢(shì)最強(qiáng),用來(lái)說(shuō)明人所未知的原因,回答why提出的問(wèn)題,可置于強(qiáng)調(diào)句中且其前可加修飾語(yǔ); since是雙方都知曉原因或經(jīng)過(guò)分析而得之的原因,語(yǔ)氣次之;for是并列連詞,前用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),表邏輯推理或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明;as語(yǔ)氣最弱,原因是顯而易見(jiàn)的或已為人們所知,即已知原因,所引導(dǎo)的分句可置于句首?

　　29[解析]C?but和yet 是連詞,可等同使用,但也有區(qū)別?yet與and連用,構(gòu)成and yet,但but卻無(wú)此用法;在“Excuse me/I’m sorry/I hope you don’t mind…but”中,只用but,不用yet?因?yàn)樵诒硎緦?duì)照或?qū)αr(shí),but較為輕松自然;而yet卻較為強(qiáng)烈,常出人意料;though作并列連詞時(shí),只能引導(dǎo)分句且其前須加逗號(hào)?例:I’ll try to come, though I don’t think I shall manage it.

　　30. [解析]D引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞that與whether的區(qū)別是:句子成分完整且表意確定時(shí)選用that連接,句意不確定時(shí)選用whether/if連接;借助it,將真正主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)后置,構(gòu)成“It…that”句型,但whether/if不可;下列情形用whether不用if:與or not 連用,中間無(wú)其他詞隔開(kāi);作介詞賓語(yǔ);在主語(yǔ)從句?表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中?