高三英語教案：《Astronomy: the science of the stars》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

　　詞匯詳解：

　　1.In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun.

　　在我們的太陽系里八個(gè)行星繞太陽運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。

　　The birds were circling around over the lake.

　　鳥兒在湖面上空繞圈子。

　　The teachers are used to circling the pupils' spelling mistakes in red ink.

　　教師習(xí)慣于用紅筆圈出學(xué)生的拼寫錯(cuò)誤。

　　They sat in a circle round the fire.

　　他們圍著火坐成一圈。

　　In political circles there is talk of war.

　　在政治圈里，有人談?wù)摰剑〞?huì)發(fā)生）戰(zhàn)爭

　　2. The origin of life on earth is a question that interests astronomers.

　　地球上生命的起源是個(gè)使天文學(xué)家感興趣的問題。

　　the origins of civilization 文明的起源

　　He is a German by origin.他原籍德國。

　　This new theory will certainly interest you.

　　這新理論肯定會(huì)引起你的興趣。

　　I find no interest in such things.

　　我對這些不感興趣。

　　His two great interests in life are music and painting.

　　他一生中的兩大愛好是音樂和繪畫。

　　The interests of the individual must be subordinated to the interests of the collective.

　　個(gè)人利益必須服從集體利益。

　　3. However， according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions.

　　但是，一種普遍為人們所接受的理論是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，這次大爆炸將物質(zhì)投射到四面八方。

　　?● widely accepted 被廣泛地接受、認(rèn)可

　　● begin with 始于

　　to begin with 起初

　　Knowledge begins with practice. 認(rèn)識從實(shí)踐開始。

　　To begin with, I couldn’t understand every word.

　　起初，我一句也沒弄明白。

　　●In which direction are you going, north or south?

　　你準(zhǔn)備往哪個(gè)方向走？向北還是向南？

　　What direction does this exhibition hall face?

　　展覽館朝什么方向

　　【聯(lián)想拓展】

　　in all directions 四面八方; 各方面

　　in every direction向各方面, 向四面八方

　　in the direction of 朝 ... 方向

　　4. a cloud of dust 一團(tuán)塵埃

　　a cloud of …一大群，一大片

　　My mother drew my uncle's attention to a cloud of unusual size and shape .

　　我的媽媽讓我的叔叔注意一團(tuán)形狀大小很不規(guī)則的云彩。

　　5. What it was to become was uncertain, …

　　它會(huì)變成什么沒有人知道，……

　　?●What it was to become 是一個(gè)主語從句，在整個(gè)句子中做主語；

　　【?聯(lián)想拓展?】?

　　●be to do這一結(jié)構(gòu)在本句中表示“即將”。

　　be to do的其他用法：

　　1)表示命令、義務(wù)、職責(zé)等，可譯作“應(yīng)該、必須”。長輩要求晚輩做某事常用這一句型。

　　2)表示將來要做的事，或按計(jì)劃、約定要做的事，這一用法主要用于正規(guī)文件中，可譯作“打算、將要”。

　　3)表示不可避免將要發(fā)生的事，或命中注定的事。

　　I am uncertain what to do. 我確定不了做什么。

　　6. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.

　　地球開始變得激烈動(dòng)蕩，不知道這個(gè)固體形狀是否會(huì)繼續(xù)存在下去。

　　●a violent wind 暴風(fēng)

　　a violent death 橫死; 暴死

　　a violent dislike 極端的厭惡

　　●The hot weather lasted until the end of September.

　　炎熱的天氣一直持續(xù)到九月底。

　　This food will last them 5 days.

　　這些食物足夠他們吃五天。

　　This cloth lasts well.

　　這種布很耐穿。

　　7. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce the water vapor, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases,...

　　它（地球）巨大的爆炸噴出了烈火與巖石，最終產(chǎn)生了水蒸氣、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多種氣體，……?

　　●explode with anger勃然大怒, 大發(fā)脾氣

　　explode with laugher哄堂大笑

　　The bomb exploded.炸彈爆炸了。

　　I threw the vase on the floor and it exploded into tiny pieces.

　　我把花瓶扔到了地板上，花瓶砰地一聲摔個(gè)粉碎

　　The children exploded three firecrackers.

　　孩子們?nèi)挤帕巳齻�(gè)爆竹

　　?●in time來得及;總有一天，遲早?

　　I was just in time for the flight.?

　　我剛好來得及趕上那班飛機(jī)。?

　　I will see him in time.總有一天我會(huì)遇見他。?

　　【?聯(lián)想拓展?】?

　　in no time立即，立刻

　　at any time 在任何時(shí)候?

　　at one time曾經(jīng)，一度

　　at times 有時(shí)，偶爾?

　　on time按時(shí)，準(zhǔn)時(shí)

　　of the time現(xiàn)在的，當(dāng)時(shí)的?

　　I jump into the river in no time.

　　我立即跳入河中。?

　　You may use my watch at any time.?

　　你可以隨時(shí)用我的手表。?

　　At one time there were not so many cars on the streets.?

　　從前街上沒有這么多車子。?

　　At times I go to the playground to play football.?

　　我有時(shí)到操場踢足球。?

　　The guest reached the hall on time.

　　客人準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)大廳。?

　　I think he is the greatest musician of the time.?

　　我想他是當(dāng)代最偉大的音樂家。

　　【練習(xí)】

　　用time介詞短語填空

　　(1)—Why are you in a hurry to leave here??—Get home ________ to bathe the children.

　　(2)These buses are never ________ and the passengers are always complaining.?

　　(3)I am away, please call me ________ if someone come to see me.

　　(4)You can’t imagine this lake used to be a beautiful place in our province ________.

　　(5)He rushed out of the kitchen ________ when he heard the shout.

　　(6) ______ I sit silently and wonder if this kind of job is worth all the effort.

　　8. cool down 冷卻,平靜下來

　　A heated argument can be settled better if both sides cool down first.

　　如果雙方都先冷靜下來，激烈的爭執(zhí)可以處理得好一些。

　　9. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.

　　水會(huì)對于生命的發(fā)展起關(guān)鍵作用，這一點(diǎn)在當(dāng)時(shí)并不明顯。

　　●It is obvious that she is very clever. 很明顯，她挺聰明。

　　●There are fundamental differences between your religious beliefs and mine.

　　你我的宗教信仰根本不同.

　　The fundamental cause of his success is hard work

　　他成功的重要原因是努力工作。

　　Fresh air is fundamental to good health. 空氣新鮮是身體健

　　康之必需。

　　A fundamental of good behavior is consideration for others.

　　良好行為的一個(gè)根本是體諒他人。

　　10. … the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.

　　水的持續(xù)存在使得地球把有害氣體和酸性物質(zhì)溶解在海洋里。

　　●Your presence is a gift to the world.

　　你的存在是獻(xiàn)給世界的一份厚禮。

　　She was so quiet that her presence was hardly noticed.

　　她一聲不響，幾乎沒有人留意到她在場。

　　Your presence at the meeting is requested. 敬請光臨。

　　【聯(lián)想拓展?】

　　●allow sb. sth.同意給某人某物

　　allow sb.to do sth.允許某人做某事

　　allow doing sth.允許做某事，與permit在很多情況下可以通用。其他動(dòng)詞advise，forbid 也有類似用法。

　　The reading room doesn’t allow smoking.閱覽室不準(zhǔn)吸煙。

　　People are not allowed to spit in public.不許當(dāng)眾吐痰。

　　permit, allow的不同用法:

　　(1)allow可以和副詞連用，permit則不能。如:

　　Mary wouldn’t allow me in.瑪麗不讓我進(jìn)去。

　　(2)表示客氣的請求時(shí)，主語是you應(yīng)當(dāng)用permit，以表示下級對上級，幼輩對長輩，低層對高層人尊敬的請求。若主語用I，則應(yīng)當(dāng)用allow的被動(dòng)形式。如:

　　May I be allowed to use this knife? =Will you permit me to use this knife?我可以用你的刀子嗎？

　　【練習(xí)?】

　　用allow短語的適當(dāng)形式完成句子

　　(1)The girl’s parents are very strict and they don’t _____________________________________ beyond midnight.

　　女孩的父母相當(dāng)嚴(yán)厲，他們不允許她待在外面超過12點(diǎn)。

　　(2)We don’t _______________________________________ in the meeting room of the school.

　　我們不準(zhǔn)有人在學(xué)校的會(huì)議室里吵鬧。

　　(3)I _______________________________________ for his birthday present.?

　　我答應(yīng)給小男孩自行車作為生日禮物。

　　11. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.

　　這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的反應(yīng)，使得生命就有可能開始發(fā)展了。

　　12. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.?

　　它們繁殖起來并使得海洋充滿了氧氣，這促進(jìn)了早期貝殼類動(dòng)物和各種魚類以后生的長發(fā)育。

　　●He filled the bucket with water.

　　他把水桶裝滿水。

　　●There have been many new developments in gene.

　　基因方面已經(jīng)有幾項(xiàng)新的發(fā)展。

　　Father watched the development of his baby with interest.

　　爸爸充滿興趣地看著孩子的成長。

　　【聯(lián)想拓展】

　　with the development of society 隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展

　　political development政治動(dòng)態(tài)

　　housing development住宅區(qū)

　　【練習(xí)】

　　詞形填空

　　(1)As the new country ______ (develop),more and more people live a happy and easy life.

　　(2)America is a ______ (develop) country, the average income is very large.

　　(3)In Africa, some countries are ___ (develop) countries. They are badly need other countries aid.

　　(4)With the ______ (develop) of economy, our society still needs the rapid development of civilization.

　　13. …were able to live on land as well as in the water. ……

　　既能在陸地上生存也能在水里生存。

　　●He grows flowers as well as vegetables.

　　他既種菜也種花.

　　I'm learning French as well as English.

　　我學(xué)英語之外還學(xué)法語。

　　Rose is as well as her brother.

　　羅斯和她哥哥身體一樣棒。

　　14. They produced young generally by laying eggs.

　　它們一般是通過孵蛋而繁衍后代的。

　　Animals protect their young. 動(dòng)物保護(hù)它們的幼崽。

　　15. …existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.

　　……在地球上生存了一億四千多萬年。

　　●exist v.存在;there exist表示“存在/有”，此時(shí)exist不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。

　　Several people believe the Devil exists in the world.

　　少數(shù)人認(rèn)為世界上存在惡魔。

　　There exists warm-hearted person everywhere.

　　好人到處都有。

　　Conference like the Earth Summit help people understand that there exist serious problems and that there is still time to take action.

　　像地球峰會(huì)一樣的會(huì)議有助于人們明白現(xiàn)存在的嚴(yán)重問題，也明白還有時(shí)間來采取行動(dòng)的。

　　there exist表示“存在/有”，是 “there be”句型的延伸，類似的還有there stand, there lie, there live, there occur。

　　【練習(xí)】

　　詞形填空

　　It is surprising that a kind of animal _______ (exist) in the dry desert.?

　　(2)There ______ (exist) a good way to solve many difficult physics problems.?

　　16. give birth to 引起，產(chǎn)生，造成，生

　　His wife give birth to a son for him.

　　他老婆給他生了一個(gè)兒子.

　　It is very important that you should I learn to release the stress. Otherwise, it will give birth to a serious psychological question.

　　最重要的是要學(xué)會(huì)釋放壓力.否則,就會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的心理問題.

　　17. …some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth.

　　一些小巧聰明，長著手腳的動(dòng)物出現(xiàn)了，它們散布在地球各個(gè)地方。

　　spread(spread, spread) vt.使伸展，延伸vi.（消息等）傳開，流行

　　Mum spread a new cloth bought in the supermarket on the table when we had dinner.

　　我們吃飯時(shí)媽媽在桌子上鋪上一條從超市買來的新桌布。

　　He spread out his arms to welcome us warmly.

　　他張開雙臂熱情地歡迎我們。

　　The exciting news spread through the school quickly.

　　這激動(dòng)人心的消息很快傳遍了學(xué)校。

　　【聯(lián)想拓展?】

　　spread out 傳開

　　spread rumors 散布謠言

　　spread like wildfire 像野火一般傳開

　　spread oneself 舒展身體

　　spread the table 鋪?zhàn)雷?br />
　　spread the load 分?jǐn)?工作量)

　　18. Thus they have, in their turn, became the most important animals on the planet.

　　于是，他們接著成為了這個(gè)行星上最重要的動(dòng)物。

　　There has been no rain — thus, the crops are drying.

　　天沒下雨，因此莊稼要枯死了。

　　She studied hard; thus she got high marks.

　　她用功讀書, 因此獲得高分。

　　19. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.

　　他們把過多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中，這使得地球上的熱不能釋放到太空中去。

　　●The atmosphere here is very clear.這里的空氣很純凈。

　　There is an atmosphere of peace and calm in the country, quite different from the atmosphere of a big city.

　　在鄉(xiāng)間有一種和平寧靜的氣氛，和大城市的氣氛截然不同。

　　●prevent sb./sth.(from) doing sth.阻止某人或者某事做某事

　　His words can’t prevent us from buying books.

　　他的話不會(huì)阻止我們買書。

　　The heavy rain prevented us going on,but we didn’t lose heart.

　　大雨阻止我們前進(jìn)，但是我們不灰心喪氣。

　　另外，與這種結(jié)構(gòu)相似的有stop sb./sth.(from) doing sth.（from可以省略）和keep sb./sth. from doing sth.（from不可以省略）。

　　Lynn’s parents tried to stop her seeing him.

　　林恩的父母企圖阻止她和他見面。

　　You won’t keep the things from happening.

　　你不能阻止事情發(fā)生。

　　【聯(lián)想拓展】

　　完成句子

　　(1)Nothing would ________________________ against injustice. ( prevent)?

　　什么也不能阻止他鳴不平。

　　Please have an apple  _________________  until dinner time.(keep)?

　　吃個(gè)蘋果就能挨到吃晚飯了。

　　單選

　�。�3）The heavy rain _____ us visiting the attractive lake, but we didn’t _____.

　　A. prevented; lose the heart B. prevented; lose heart

　　C. kept; lose the heart D. kept; lose the heart

　　20. As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on.

　　因此，很多科學(xué)家們相信地球可能會(huì)變得太熱而不能在上面生存。

　　As a result of the rain, I was late.

　　雨太大，所以我來晚了。

　　21. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.?

　　所以在未來的數(shù)百萬年中，生命能否在地球上延續(xù)取決于這個(gè)問題能否得到解決。?

　　depend on/upon意思為“依靠，依賴”，常用結(jié)構(gòu)是 depend on sb./ sth.，depend on sb. to do sth.。
　　The country depends heavily on its tourist trade.

　　這個(gè)國家主要依靠旅游業(yè)。

　　The poor man depends his son to earn money.

　　這個(gè)窮人依靠他的兒子去賺錢。

　　要特別注意depend on it常用于句首或句末，意思為“請放心，沒問題”;It all depends和That depends意思為“看情況而定”，二者都用于口語中。例如：

　　Depend on it, he’ll turn up.

　　請放心，他一定會(huì)來的。

　　It depends how you tackle the problem.

　　那取決于你如何解決這個(gè)問題。

　　【練習(xí)】

　　用depend短語的適當(dāng)形式完成句子

　　(1)—Is your father coming tomorrow?

　　— _______ _______ (那要看情況).He may not have the time.

　　(2)—We don’t know if we can offer help.

　　—_______ _______ _______ (一切看情況而定).

　　(3)—What is your attitude?

　　—_______ _______ _______ (請放心).We won’t give up.

　　22. There used to be nine planets in the solar system.

　　在太陽系了原來有九顆行星。

　　注意there be的變形：there seems to be, there must be, there can be, there is going to be, there has/have been 等。

　　23. At the beginning, the earth had no water. 起初，地球上沒有水。

　　【聯(lián)想拓展】

　　A good beginning makes a good ending. [諺]欲善其終必先善其始。

　　at the beginning從一開始; 開始; 起初; 首先

　　at the beginning of在...初

　　from beginning to end從頭到尾, 自始自終

　　Everything must have a beginning.[諺]凡事都有個(gè)開頭。

　　24. The evidence for this theory is that the atoms that make up the rocks on the moon seem to be different from those on the earth.

　　這個(gè)理論的根據(jù)是組成月球上巖石的分子似乎與地球的不同。

　　Farm workers make up only a small section of the population.

　　農(nóng)民只占人口的一小部分.

　　Every one can be different from another. Why must we all be the same?

　　每個(gè)人都可以和別人不一樣。為什么非要人人都一樣？

　　25. Although its origin may still be a puzzle, the moon can never be anything more than a satellite of the earth.

　　雖然它的起源仍然是個(gè)謎，但是月球就是地球的一個(gè)衛(wèi)星。

　　It's a puzzle where all my money goes each week.

　　我每星期的錢都到哪兒去了是一個(gè)難解的問題。

　　This letter puzzles me.

　　這封信使我迷惑不解。

　　I'm puzzled about what to do next.

　　下一步該怎么辦,我心里還沒數(shù)哩。

　　26. find ways to solve the problem of global warming.

　　找到解決全球變暖這個(gè)難題的方法

　　27. die out滅絕, 逐漸消失, 漸漸止息

　　Some animals will die out if we don't protect them.

　　好多動(dòng)物會(huì)滅絕假如我們再不去保護(hù)他們。

　　28. As a result of this event, a great dust cloud formed in the sky blocking out the sunlight.

　　由于這件事，在天空中形成一大團(tuán)塵埃遮住了陽光。

　　That wall blocks out all the light.

　　那堵墻把光線都遮住了。

　　29. However, whether the climate will change again is a concern for everybody on earth.

　　但是，氣候是否會(huì)再變是世上每個(gè)人關(guān)切的事。

　　She showed great concern about you. 她很為你擔(dān)心。

　　【?聯(lián)想拓展?】?

　　have a concern in和...有利害關(guān)系

　　have no concern for毫不關(guān)心

　　30. …a comet crashed into the earth long ago…

　　……很久以前，一顆彗星撞擊了地球，……

　　She noticed a car crash into a big tree nearby

　　.她注意到一輛小汽車撞到了附件的一棵大樹上。

　　31. …I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space

　　………有幸得到一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)去太空旅行……

　　They know well enough what we mean. 他們當(dāng)然懂得我們的意思。

　　32. …explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful.

　　…向我解釋說，在我們的航行中會(huì)有三次引力的改變，而第一次的改變將是最強(qiáng)的。

　　Please explain to me where to begin and how to do it.

　　請向我說明從哪里開始以及怎樣做。

　　He explained how the machine was used.

　　他解釋了怎樣使用那臺機(jī)器。

　　33. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity.

　　隨著火箭徐徐升空，因?yàn)槲覀円�盡力逃離地球的吸引力，所以我們被向后推在座位上。

　　【?聯(lián)想拓展?】?

　　escape danger脫險(xiǎn)

　　escape one's memory被某人遺忘

　　His name escapes me. (=His name escapes my memory.)

　　我記不得他的名字了。

　　He narrowly escaped death.

　　他九死一生。

　　The hotel guests tried their best to escape from the burning building.

　　旅客們盡力從燃燒的大樓中逃出來。

　　34. On the earth if I fall from the tree I will fall to the ground.

　　在地球上如果我們從樹上掉下來，總會(huì)朝地上落下去的。

　　35. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth’s.

　　當(dāng)我們更接近月球時(shí)，就會(huì)感到月球的引力在拉我們，但是月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。

　　36. I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.

　　我離開高興起來，由于失重我在太空艙里飄來飄去，望著地球越來越小，月亮越來越大。

　　37. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.

　　但是當(dāng)我努力向前邁步的時(shí)候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是地球上的兩倍。

　　【聯(lián)想拓展】

　　英語倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：

　　1.用times表示倍數(shù)（一般限于包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)三倍或三倍以上的數(shù)。表示兩倍的數(shù)，一般用twice）

　　其句型有：

　　1）...times+形容詞（副詞）比較級+than...。如：

　　This hall is five times bigger than our classroom.

　　這個(gè)大廳比我們的教室大五倍。（是我們教室的六倍大）

　　2）...times +as+形容詞（或much）或副詞原級+as...。如：

　　The big box is four times as heavy as the small one.

　　大箱子是小箱子的四倍重。

　　3）...times +the+名詞（size, height, weight, length, width）+of。如：

　　This big tree is four times the height of that small one.

　　這棵大樹的高度是那棵小樹的四倍。（比那棵小樹高三倍）

　　4）...times+more+名詞（可數(shù)，不可數(shù)）+than...。如：

　　There are four times more books in our library than in yours.

　　我們圖書館藏書（數(shù)量）是你們圖書館的四倍。（多三倍）

　　5）...times +as many（或much）+名詞+其他。如：

　　There are three times as many apples in this basket as in that one.

　　這個(gè)籃里的蘋果是那個(gè)籃里的三倍。

　　There are five times as many students as we expected.

　　這里的學(xué)生是我們預(yù)計(jì)的五倍。

　　6）...times +over+被比對象，表示“增加……倍”。如：

　　The grain output in that village was twice over that of 1978.

　　那個(gè)村的糧食產(chǎn)量比1978年的增加了兩倍。

　　7）...times +that of+被比較的對象表示“是……倍”。如：

　　In this workshop, the output of July was 3.5 times that of January.

　　這個(gè)車間7月份的產(chǎn)量是1月份的3.5倍。

　　2.用double表示倍數(shù)。

　　1）double作形容詞，表示“兩倍的”。如：

　　The production is now double what it was ten years ago.

　　現(xiàn)在的產(chǎn)量是十年前的兩倍。

　　2）double作動(dòng)詞，意為“是……的兩倍”。如：

　　The output has been doubled in the past five years.

　　過去五年中產(chǎn)量翻了一番。

　　38. Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.

　　既然重力改變了走路確實(shí)需要練一練了。

　　39. After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.

　　過了一會(huì)兒，我才掌握了走路的訣竅，這才開始感到自入了。

　　40. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.

　　我們驚奇地看著，隨著地球引力的增加，宇宙飛船的外層燃燒起火。

　　break out可指大火、戰(zhàn)爭等突然爆發(fā)。

　　World War Ⅱ broke out in 1939.

　　第二次世界大戰(zhàn)是1939年爆發(fā)的。

　　break out還可指突然發(fā)出某種聲音。

　　She broke out in curses in her dream.她在夢中大聲咒罵起來。

　　41. There is very little gravity so that things float around.引力很小以致于東西飄來飄去。

　　42. watch out for… 戒備，提放，密切注意

　　43. Astronomy is a scientific subject made up of mathematics and physics.

　　天文學(xué)是數(shù)學(xué)和物理構(gòu)成的科學(xué)科目。

　　44. You can use the scientific method when studying English too.

　　學(xué)習(xí)英語的時(shí)候你也可以運(yùn)用科學(xué)方法。

　　◆genuine指物品的來歷或性質(zhì)同所說的是一致的。如: