時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài),高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專練

　　Ⅰ. 單句語(yǔ)法填空

　　1．(2015·北京，22改編)—Did you enjoy the party？

　　—Yes，We__were_treated__(treat) well by our hosts.

　　解析：根據(jù)上下文，這里談的是舉行過(guò)的一次聚會(huì)，應(yīng)該用過(guò)去時(shí)，并且“我們”是被主人招待的，所以需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：——你喜歡這個(gè)聚會(huì)嗎？——是的，我們的主人很好地招待了我們。

　　2．(2015·北京，26改編)In the last few years，China__has_made__(make) great achievements in environmental protection.

　　解析：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in/over the last few years與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。句意：在過(guò)去的幾年中，中國(guó)在環(huán)境保護(hù)方面取得了巨大成就。

　　3．(2015·北京，30改編)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.

　　—All right.I__will_call__(call) him later.

　　解析：據(jù)第一句的時(shí)態(tài)判斷，Dr. Jackson目前不在辦公室，所以打電話是將來(lái)的事。句意：——Dr. Jackson現(xiàn)在不在辦公室。——好的，我待會(huì)再給他打。

　　4．(2015·天津，6改編)Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she__will_be_teaching__(teach) a class at that time.

　　解析：根據(jù)題干時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)3 o'clock this afternoon的提示可知，動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間為將來(lái)；而句尾的at that time為一個(gè)特定的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，因此，該題強(qiáng)調(diào)在將來(lái)的大時(shí)間背景下的某一個(gè)特定時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事，故用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。

　　5．(2015·天津，9改編)Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement__has_been_reached__(reach) so far by the two sides.

　　解析：本句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)so far表示“到目前為止”，為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞。reach no agreement短語(yǔ)中no agreement作主語(yǔ)，reach要用被動(dòng)，故結(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)可知填has been reached。

　　6．(2015·陜西，22改編)Marty __has_been_working__(work) really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.

　　解析：由后文提示he'll have finished it by Friday可知，work動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行，故要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。句意：馬蒂一直在非常認(rèn)真地寫(xiě)書(shū)，他認(rèn)為他在周五前將會(huì)完成。

　　7．(2015·安徽，24改編)Just as I got to the school gate，I realized I __had_left__(leave) my book in the cafe.

　　解析：“我把書(shū)忘在了咖啡館”發(fā)生在“我意識(shí)到這件事”之前，而“我意識(shí)到”是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，故“忘記”應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

　　8．(2015·安徽，29改編)It is reported that a space station __will_be_built__(build) on the moon in years to come.

　　解析：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in years to come(在將來(lái)的幾年里)，故主語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)；太空站是被建造，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　9．(2015·浙江，8改編)Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child，few people guessed that he __would_be__(be) a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.

　　解析：主句時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句動(dòng)作在過(guò)去的時(shí)間上看是將來(lái)的事情，故用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。

　　10．(2015·湖南，22改編)As you go through this book， you __will_find__(find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.

　　解析：一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。在一般將來(lái)時(shí)的句子中，有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)表示將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，若不出現(xiàn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，要從意思上判斷是否指未來(lái)的動(dòng)作或情況。句意：當(dāng)你通讀這本書(shū)的時(shí)候，你將會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)百萬(wàn)的經(jīng)歷過(guò)二戰(zhàn)的每個(gè)人都有不同的經(jīng)歷。

　　11．(2015·湖南，28改編)He must have sensed that I __was_looking__(look)at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，“Why are you staring at me like that？”

　　解析：題干中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，可以從意義上去把握。此句在意義上應(yīng)該用進(jìn)行時(shí)，又根據(jù)此句中的must have sensed和glanced at可知是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意：他一定感覺(jué)到我在看著他。他突然看向我然后輕聲問(wèn)道：“你為什么一直那樣盯著我看？”

　　12．(2015·湖南，32改編)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy，but__was_held__(hold)back thankfully by the shop window.

　　解析：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過(guò)去分詞部分不變。hold back阻隔，隱瞞。句意：我非常想進(jìn)去玩玩具，但是我幸好被櫥窗阻隔了。根據(jù)句意，此句含有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在里面，hold back要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　13．(2015·四川，4改編)More expressways__will_be_built__(build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.

　　解析：根據(jù)題干中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)soon可知，用將來(lái)時(shí)。expressways與build為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：四川不久將建設(shè)更多的高速公路以促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。

　　14．(2015·重慶，1改編)—Is Peter coming？

　　—No，he __changed__(change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.

　　解析：句意：——Peter來(lái)嗎？——沒(méi)有，剛才接到一個(gè)電話后改變主意了。根據(jù)at the last minute發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

　　15．(2015·重慶，13改編)In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat __has_been__(be) cut.

　　解析：表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：在我的家鄉(xiāng)，收麥過(guò)后農(nóng)民會(huì)舉行一個(gè)豐收晚宴。

　　16．(2015·福建，26改編)To my delight，I __was_chosen__(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.

　　解析：主語(yǔ)I與choose之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；再由語(yǔ)境可知，choose的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，故要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：令我高興的是，我被從數(shù)百名參與者中選中參加開(kāi)幕式。

　　17．(2015·福建，30改編)—Where is Peter？I can't find him anywhere.

　　—He went to the library after breakfast and __has_been_writing__(write) his essay there ever since.

　　解析：由句子中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)ever since可知，本句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)或者現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。由語(yǔ)境可知，write動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行，要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。句意：——皮特呢？我到處找不到他。——他早飯后去圖書(shū)館了。自那之后就一直在那兒寫(xiě)文章。

　　18．(2015·江蘇，30改編)The real reason why prices__were__(be)， and still are，too high is complex， and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.

　　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，prices...still are，too high，推出前一空是想說(shuō)明prices過(guò)去也高。故用過(guò)去式。該題中still是關(guān)鍵。句意：價(jià)格過(guò)去高，現(xiàn)在仍舊太高的原因很復(fù)雜，短暫的討論是不能令人滿意地解釋這個(gè)問(wèn)題的。

　　19．The young firefighter insisted that he __was__(be) well－prepared and __(should)_be_sent__(send) there to put out the fire.

　　解析：句意為：那位年輕的消防員堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他準(zhǔn)備好了，并且堅(jiān)持要去那里救火。當(dāng)insist意為“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)；堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)用陳述語(yǔ)氣，故第一空填was；當(dāng)insist意為“堅(jiān)持”時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”，又因?yàn)閒irefighter與send之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填(should) be sent。

　　20．Many parents don't want to face it， but the world today is a lot different than it __was__(be) in their school days.

　　解析：句意為：(盡管)許多父母不愿意去面對(duì)，但今天的世界與他們?cè)趯W(xué)校的歲月已大不相同。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in their school days可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

　�、�. 語(yǔ)法填空

　　在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

　　Dad quit drinking exactly one year before I was born. He joined a group of other people. He said they __1. had_stopped__ (stop) drinking， too. I loved my dad __2. but__ I hated the way his weekly meetings took him away from me. It seemed that they were more important to him than I was. But with my birthday coming up I thought Dad __3. would_make__ (make) an exception. I begged him not to miss it but __4. was_refused__ (refuse). He said， “I am chairing the meeting this Saturday. We __5. will_have__ (have) your party on Sunday. Why not come with me together tonight？ It's an open meeting. All __6. are__ (be) welcome.” I agreed. Maybe I needed to see why something Dad did every week mattered so much.

　　After we arrived， Dad announced __7. the__ theme of the meeting was going to be gratitude. He told his story about giving up smoking. __8. Later__ (late)， a man called Dave also told his story. Only then did I know it was Dad that saved his life __9. from__ drinking. Showing up week after week and meeting with people， Dad __10. was_changing__ (change) lives. Shame washed over me.

　　解析：

　　1．stop發(fā)生在過(guò)去動(dòng)作said之前，故此處填had stopped。

　　2．由loved與hated之間的對(duì)比判斷本空填轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but。

　　3．根據(jù)前面的coming up判斷，make是在過(guò)去看來(lái)將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故填would make。

　　4．句子的主語(yǔ)是I，與refuse之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填was refused，構(gòu)成一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　5．該句是直接引用的，根據(jù)this Saturday判斷，have是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，故填will have。

　　6．句子是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，all指代人，故填are。

　　7．特指本次會(huì)議的主題，故theme前用定冠詞。

　　8．此處表示“稍后”意義，作狀語(yǔ)，故填副詞Later。

　　9．save...from...“從……拯救……”，是固定搭配。

　　10．此處表示一個(gè)逐漸變化的過(guò)程，故用進(jìn)行時(shí)，所以本空填was changing。

　�、�. 單句改錯(cuò)

　　1．...took him to US， where he introduced to the Internet.

　　答案與解析：introduced前加was　he與introduce是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，句子應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故加上was。

　　2．Today is Sunday. At about 9：00 a．m.， I go to the bookstore with my friends.

　　答案與解析：go→went　由前面提供的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)判斷句子用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故改為went。

　　3．Having been seen the film， everyone was deeply moved.

　　答案與解析：去掉been　句子的主語(yǔ)即為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞see的邏輯主語(yǔ)，二者之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故去掉been，成為現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。

　　4．Our city had changed a lot in the last 5 years.

　　答案與解析：had→has　由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the past 5 years可知句子應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

　　5. Many overpasses have set  up， so it has become very convenient for people to travel.

　　答案與解析：have后加been　overpasses與動(dòng)詞set up是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示“被建立”意義，故句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　6．In the past， teachers always keep on explaining the points in class.

　　答案與解析：keep→kept　由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the past判斷句子用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故改為過(guò)去式kept。

　　7．The river was so polluted that it  was actually caught fire and burned.

　　答案與解析：去掉第二個(gè)was　catch fire沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　8．Nowadays there was a kind of language called Web language.

　　答案與解析：was→is　根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)nowadays判斷句子用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

　　9. Last Friday our school was invited a foreign teacher in our city to give a class to the  students of Senior Grade Two.

　　答案與解析：去掉was　此處表示“我們學(xué)校邀請(qǐng)了……”，our school與invite是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故去掉was，句子用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

　　10．Sometimes he repeated what we don't understand.

　　答案與解析：don't→didn't　根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)判斷從句也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

　　11．(2016·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.

　　答案與解析：using→used　句意：每天他都確保用于烹飪的是新鮮的蔬菜和高質(zhì)量的油。此處表示被動(dòng)含義，be used for“被用來(lái)做”。

　　12．(2016·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside.

　　答案與解析：had→have　句意：……有些人甚至要在外面等。此處是在介紹現(xiàn)在的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

　　13．(2016·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea.

　　答案與解析：thought→think　句意：……我認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)好主意。根據(jù)前句中的suggest可知，本句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

　　14．(2016·四川)Both Dad and I planned to do something on Mother's Day. We get up early in the morning.

　　答案與解析：get→got　句意：……我們那天早上起得早。根據(jù)上句中的planned可知，事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

　　15．(2016·福建福州十三中期中考試)Today I've got wonderful news to tell you. I had been offered a job at a company in England for my good performance.

　　答案與解析：had→have　句意：我今天有好消息要告訴你，我以良好的表現(xiàn)在英國(guó)一家公司得到了一份工作。根據(jù)句意可知，指目前的結(jié)果用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。