高中英語(yǔ)60個(gè)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)大匯總
2019-04-08 13:18:22本站原創(chuàng)
1. be fond of “喜愛(ài)，愛(ài)好” 接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。
He’s fond of swimming. 他喜歡游泳。
Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜歡新鮮蔬菜嗎?
He is fond of his research work. 他喜愛(ài)他的研究工作。
2. hunt for = look for 尋找
I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的書(shū)。
hunt for a job 找工作
3. in order to/so as to：這兩個(gè)詞組都可引導(dǎo)不定式作目的狀語(yǔ), in order to可放于句首, so as to則不能, 其否定形式為in order not to / so as not to.
He went to Beijing in order / so as to attend an important meeting.
In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.為了讓我們注意他, 他朝我們又是叫喊又是揮手。
4. care about
1) 喜歡，對(duì)……有興趣 = care for
She doesn’t care about money.她不喜歡錢。
2）關(guān)心 = care for
She thinks only of herself. She doesn’t care about other people.她只考慮自己。她不關(guān)心別人。
3）在乎，在意（接從句或不接任何成分）
These young people care nothing about what old people might say.
這些年輕人根本不在乎老人說(shuō)的話。
5. such as 意為“諸如……”，“像……”，是用來(lái)列舉人或事物的。
She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三門科目,像物理、化學(xué)。
6. drop a line 留下便條, 寫(xiě)封短信
7. make yourself at home 別客氣；隨便；無(wú)拘束
If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home.如果你在我之前到我家，自己喝點(diǎn)飲料，隨便一點(diǎn)。
8. stay up 不睡；熬夜
�。�1） I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.
我將回家很晚，不要等我了。
（2） He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.
他熬夜看書(shū)直到凌晨?jī)牲c(diǎn)。
9. come about 引起；發(fā)生；產(chǎn)生
（1）How did the accident come about?
這場(chǎng)事故是怎么發(fā)生的？
（2） They didn't know how the change had come about.
他們不知道這個(gè)變化是怎樣產(chǎn)生的。
10. except for 除……之外
�。�1） except 與 except for 的用法常有區(qū)別。except 多用于引起同類事物中被排除的一項(xiàng)。如：
�、貶e answered all the questions except the last one.
除去最后一個(gè)，他回答了所有問(wèn)題。
②We go there every day except Sunday.
除了星期天，我們天天去那里。
�。�2）except for 用于引述細(xì)節(jié)以修正句子的主要意思。如：
①Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.
除去一個(gè)老太太，這輛公共汽車全空了。
�、赮our picture is good except for the colours.
你的畫(huà)兒很好，只是某些色彩有問(wèn)題。
�。�3）但在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，except for也用于表示except的意思。如上述第一個(gè)例子可以是：
He answered all the questions except for the last one.
（4） 另外，在介詞短語(yǔ)之前只能用except，不能用except for。
We go to bed before ten, except in the summer.
除了夏季，我們通常十點(diǎn)之前上床睡覺(jué)。
11. end up with 以……告終；以……結(jié)束
The party ended up with an English song.聚會(huì)以一首英文歌結(jié)束。
12. more or less 幾乎；差不多；大約；大概；大體上
�。�1） I've more or less succeeded, but they haven't.
我差不多成功了，而他們沒(méi)有。
�。�2） Our living condition has more or less improved.
我們的生活水平或多或少提高了。
13. bring in 引進(jìn)；引來(lái)；吸收
�。�1） We should bring in new technology.
我們應(yīng)該引進(jìn)新技術(shù)。
�。�2） He brings in 800 dollars a month.
他一個(gè)月掙八百美元。
14. get away（from） 逃離
�。�1）The thieves got away from the shop with all our money.
小偷帶著我們所有的錢從商店逃跑了。
�。�2）I caught a really big fish but it got away.
我釣到了一條好大的魚(yú)，可是它逃掉了。
15. watch out （for）注意；留心
（1）Watch out! There is a car coming.
小心！汽車來(lái)了。
�。�2）Watch out for the hole in the road.
留神路上的那個(gè)坑。
16. see sb. off 給某人送行
Tomorrow I will see my friend off at the railway station.
明天我到火車站給朋友送行。
17. on the other hand 另一方面（用以引出相互矛盾的觀點(diǎn)、意見(jiàn)等，常說(shuō)on the one hand …… on the other hand一方面……另一方面）
I know this job of mine isn't well paid, but on the other hand I don't have to work long hours.
我知道這份工作報(bào)酬不高，但從另一方面來(lái)說(shuō)，我也不必工作太長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。
18. as well as 和，還
He is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.
她不但是攝影師還是個(gè)天才的音樂(lè)家。
19. take place 發(fā)生
take one’s place 入座、站好位置、取得地位
take sb’s place 或take the place of 代替、取代
20. on fire 相當(dāng)于burning, 意為“燃燒；著火；起火”，有靜態(tài)的含意。catch fire有動(dòng)態(tài)的含意。
set…on fire/set fire to…用來(lái)表示“使……著火”、“放火燒……”。
Look, the theatre is on fire! Let’s go and help.瞧，劇院著火了，咱們?nèi)兔然鸢伞?br />
21. on holiday 在度假，在休假中
When I was on holiday, I visited my uncle. 我在度假的時(shí)候去看望了叔叔。
22. travel agency旅行社
=travel bureau
23. take off
1)脫下(衣服等), 解(除)掉
He took off his wet shoes.他脫下了濕鞋子。
2）（飛機(jī)）起飛
The plane took off on time. It was a smooth take-off.飛機(jī)準(zhǔn)時(shí)起飛。起飛非常順利。
3）匆匆離開(kāi)
The six men got into the car and took off for the park.這六個(gè)人上了車，匆匆離開(kāi)去公園。
24. go wrong v. 走錯(cuò)路, 誤入岐途, (機(jī)器等)發(fā)生故障
25. in all adv. 總共
26. stay away v.外出
27. look up 查詢（如賓語(yǔ)為代詞，則代詞放中間）
Look up the word in the dictionary.在字典里查單詞。
相關(guān)詞組：look for 尋找；look after照顧，照料； look forward to期待；look into調(diào)查； look on旁觀；look out注意；look out for注意，留心，提防；look over翻閱，查看，檢查；look around環(huán)視；look through翻閱，查看。
28. run after 追逐，追求
If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.同時(shí)追兩只兔子，你一只也抓不到。
29. on the air 廣播
We will be on the air in five minutes.我們五分鐘以后開(kāi)始廣播。
This programme comes on the air at the same time every day.這個(gè)節(jié)目每天在同一時(shí)間播出。
30. think highly/well/much of對(duì)……評(píng)價(jià)很高, 贊賞, 對(duì)……印象好
He was highly thought of by the manager.經(jīng)理對(duì)他非常贊賞。
I think well of your suggestion.我覺(jué)得你的建議很好。
think badly/nothing/little/lowly of……認(rèn)為不好, 好……不在意, 不贊成, 覺(jué)得……不怎么樣
I don’t think much of him as a teacher.我覺(jué)得他作為一個(gè)老師不怎么樣。
31. leave out
1) 漏掉 You made a mistake—You’ve left out a letter “t”.你出錯(cuò)了—你漏掉了一個(gè)字母t.
2) 刪掉, 沒(méi)用 I haven’t changed or left out a thing.我沒(méi)有作出變動(dòng)也沒(méi)有刪掉任何東西。
32. stare at （由于好奇、激動(dòng)等張著嘴巴，睜大眼睛地）凝視，盯著看
Don’t stare at foreigners. It’s impolite.不要盯著外國(guó)人看，這樣不禮貌。
比較：glare at （to stare angrily at）怒視著
這兩個(gè)小男孩互相怒視著，隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備開(kāi)戰(zhàn)。
33. make jokes about 就……說(shuō)笑
They make jokes about my old hat.他們就我的舊帽子說(shuō)笑我。
have a joke with … about…跟某人開(kāi)關(guān)于某事的玩笑。
He stopped to have a joke with me.他停下來(lái)跟我開(kāi)玩笑。
play a joke on…開(kāi)某人的玩笑
We played jokes on each other. 我們互相開(kāi)玩笑。
v. joke about 取笑 They joked about my broken English.他們?nèi)⌒ξ阴磕_的英。
34. take over 接管；接替；繼承
what is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的東西應(yīng)當(dāng)繼承。
Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over (his job).我們的主席走了，因此杰克將接管（他的工作）。
35. break down
1) 破壞；拆散
Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.
人體中的化學(xué)元素把食物分解成有用的物質(zhì)。
The peace talks are said to have broken down. (喻)據(jù)說(shuō)和談破裂了。
2)（機(jī)器）損壞 Our truck broke down outside town. 我們的卡車在城外拋錨了。
The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽車在到達(dá)目的地的中途拋錨了。
3) 失敗；破裂 Their opposition broke down.他們的反對(duì)意見(jiàn)打消了。
4) 精神崩潰；失去控制 He broke down and wept. 他不禁失聲痛哭。
5) 起化學(xué)變化 Food is broken down by chemicals. 化學(xué)物質(zhì)引起食物轉(zhuǎn)化。
36. get on one’s feet
1）站起來(lái);站起來(lái)發(fā)言
2）(=stand on one's feet)自立, 經(jīng)濟(jì)上獨(dú)立
3）(人)病好了, 可以起床了; (使)恢復(fù), 復(fù)蘇(指企業(yè))
37. go through
1) 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受；遭到
These countries have gone / been through too many wars.這些國(guó)家飽經(jīng)戰(zhàn)火。
2) 完成；做完 I didn't want to go through college.我不想上完大學(xué)。
3）通過(guò)；批準(zhǔn) The law has gone through Parliament. 議會(huì)已經(jīng)通過(guò)了這項(xiàng)法案。
Their plans went through. 他們的計(jì)劃得到了批準(zhǔn)。
4）全面檢查；搜查
They went through our luggage at the customs.在海關(guān)他們檢查了我們的行李。
38.take over 接管；接替；繼承
what is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的東西應(yīng)當(dāng)繼承。
Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over (his job).我們的主席走了，因此杰克將接
管（他的工作）。
39. break down
1) 破壞；拆散
Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.
人體中的化學(xué)元素把食物分解成有用的物質(zhì)。
The peace talks are said to have broken down. (喻)據(jù)說(shuō)和談破裂了。
2)（機(jī)器）損壞 Our truck broke down outside town. 我們的卡車在城外拋錨了。
The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽車在到達(dá)目的地的中途拋錨了。
3) 失��；破裂 Their opposition broke down.他們的反對(duì)意見(jiàn)打消了。
4) 精神崩潰；失去控制 He broke down and wept. 他不禁失聲痛哭。
5) 起化學(xué)變化 Food is broken down by chemicals. 化學(xué)物質(zhì)引起食物轉(zhuǎn)化。
50. “So + be／have／助動(dòng)詞／情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。此結(jié)構(gòu)中的語(yǔ)序是倒裝的，“So”代替上句中的某個(gè)成分。如果上面一句是否定句，則使用“Neither/Nor+be/have/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)。
He’s tired，and so am I．(＝I’ m also tired．)
You can swim，and so can I．(＝I can also swim．)
She has had supper，and so can I．(＝I’ve had lunch，too．)
Tom speaks English，and so does his sister．(＝His sister speaks English，too．)
A: I went to the park yesterday．
B: So did I．(＝I also went to the park yesterday．)
51.“So +主語(yǔ)+be／have／助動(dòng)詞／情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂是正常語(yǔ)序，so相當(dāng)于indeed,certainly,表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)前面或?qū)Ψ剿f(shuō)情況的肯定、贊同或證實(shí)，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，意思是“確實(shí)如此”。
A：It was cold yesterday．昨天很冷。
B：So it was．的確如此。(＝Y(jié)es，it was．)
A：You seem to like sports．
B：So I do．(＝Y(jié)es，I do．)
A：It will be fine tomorrow．
B：So it will．(＝Y(jié)es ，it will．)
52.“主語(yǔ)+do/does/did + so”結(jié)構(gòu)指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中do so代替上文中要求做的事，以免重復(fù)。
My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.(=I handed inmy composition on time.) 語(yǔ)文老師叫我按時(shí)交作文, 我照辦了。
53. So it is with…或 It is the same with…句型表示 “……(的情況)也是如此。”當(dāng)前面的句子中有幾種不同形式的謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，要表示相同情況，必須使用本句型，不能使用so 引起的倒裝句。
She doesn’t play the piano, but she likes singing. So it is with my sister.
54. There you are. 行了，好。 這是一句表示一種事情告一段落或有了最終結(jié)果的用語(yǔ)。
There you are! Then let's have some coffee.
除此之外，還可以表示“瞧，對(duì)吧（果然如此）”的語(yǔ)氣。
There you are! I knew we should find it at last.
對(duì)吧！我就知道我們最終能找到的。
55. have some difficulty (in) doing sth. 干某事有困難；接名詞時(shí)，常用句型：have some difficulty with sth.
�、貲o you have any difficulty (in) understanding English?
你理解英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)有困難嗎？
�、赟he said she had some difficulty with pronunciation.
她說(shuō)她在發(fā)音方面有困難。
56. have a good knowledge of sth. “掌握……”，“對(duì)……有某種程度的了解”
�、貶e has a good knowledge of London.
他對(duì)倫敦有所了解。
�、贏 good knowledge of languages is always useful.
57. Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.魏彬拿出一些花生。看著猴子從他手上吃花生，很有趣。
fun “好玩，趣事”，不可數(shù)名詞，前面不加不定冠詞a。
You’re sure to have some fun at the party tonight. 今天晚上你肯定會(huì)玩得很開(kāi)心。
make fun of“取笑”，“嘲弄”。People make fun of him only because he is wearing such a
strange jacket.人們嘲笑他只是因?yàn)樗┝艘患敲雌婀值囊路?br />
funny adj. “可笑的，滑稽的”。He looks very funny in his father’s jacket.他穿著他父親
的衣服，看上去很滑稽。
58. It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate.把你盤(pán)子里所有東西吃完是有禮貌的。
這是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)的句型，其中to finish eating everything 是主語(yǔ)，it是形式主語(yǔ)。
59. 直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)
（1）直接引語(yǔ)在改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。
eg: “I broke your CD player.” (一般過(guò)去時(shí)改成過(guò)去完成時(shí))
He told me he had broken my CD player.
Jenny said, “I have lost a book.”
(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)改成過(guò)去完成時(shí))
Jenny said she had lost a book.
Mum said, “I’ll go to see a friend.”
(一般將來(lái)時(shí)改成過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí))
Mum said she would go to see a friend.
過(guò)去完成時(shí)保留原有的時(shí)態(tài)
He said, “We hadn’t finished our homework.”
He said they hadn’t finished their homework.
注意 直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。
（2）在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果從句中的主語(yǔ)時(shí)第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱變化。如：
Mary said, “My brother is an engineer.”
Mary said her brother was and engineer.
�。�3）直接引語(yǔ)如果是反意疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句或一般疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：
He said, “Can you run, Mike?”
He asked Mike whether/if he could run.
�。�4）直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為“tell(ask, order, beg等) (not) to do sth.”句型。如：
“Pass me the water, please.”said he.
He asked him to pass her the water.
�。�5）直接引語(yǔ)如果是以“Let’s”開(kāi)頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用“suggest+動(dòng)名詞或從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
She said, “Let’s go to the cinema.”
She suggested going to the cinema.
或She suggested that they should go to the cinema.
60. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)的動(dòng)作
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，謂語(yǔ)通常為瞬間動(dòng)詞。如：come, go, arrive, leave, start, return, stay, meet, get等。這些動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)后不能再接具體的時(shí)間。
�。�1）用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)，指的是近期的，按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
（2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)與表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的區(qū)別在于：前者通常用瞬間動(dòng)詞（有時(shí)一些常用動(dòng)詞也可以這樣用如：do）如：go, come, start, return, get, arrive等。而后者通常是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
The train is arriving soon. 火車就要進(jìn)站了。
He is reading a novel. 他在看小說(shuō)。
�。�3）用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間，在句中或上下文中通常有表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。
�。�4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作的區(qū)別在于：前者表示的將來(lái)的動(dòng)作往往是可以改變的，而后者則是根據(jù)規(guī)定或時(shí)間表預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情，因此往往是不可改變或不可隨便改變的。
What are you doing next Friday?
下星期五你們打算干什么？
The plane takes off at 7：30 tonight.
飛機(jī)今晚七點(diǎn)半起飛。
