衡水中學(xué)關(guān)于肺炎疫情英語練習(xí)題

導(dǎo)讀：本文介紹了新型冠狀病毒肺炎的起因、癥狀、傳播途徑，以及其他幾類致命的冠狀病毒。

 "What we know is that it causespneumonia （肺炎）and then doesn't respond to antibiotic（抗生素） treatment, which is not surprising, butthen in terms of mortality （死亡率）, SARS kills 10% of the individuals,"Poon, a virologist（病毒學(xué)家）at the School of Public Health at The University of Hong Kong, said.

Hereare seven things you should know about a coronavirus.

The viruses can make people sick, usuallywith a mild to moderate upper respiratory tract illness（上呼吸道疾�。�, similar to a common cold. Coronavirussymptoms include a runny nose, cough, sore throat, possibly a headache andmaybe a fever, which can last for a couple of days.

There are a handful of human coronavirusesthat are known to be deadly.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome（嚴重急性呼吸綜合征）, alsoknown as SARS, is the other coronavirus that can cause more severe symptoms. Firstidentified in the Guangdong province in southern China, accordingto the WHO, it causes respiratory problems but can also cause diarrhea [ˌdaɪəˈriə]（腹瀉）, fatigue （疲勞）,shortness of breath, respiratory distress （呼吸窘迫） and kidney failure （腎衰）.Depending on the patient's age, the death rate with SARS ranged from0-50% of the cases, with older people being the most vulnerable（易受傷害的）.

Whenit comes to human-to-human transmission of theviruses, often it happens when someone comes into contact with theinfected person's secretions [sɪˈkriːʃ(ə)n]（分泌物）.

causeexposure. The virus can also be transmitted bytouching something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth,nose or eyes. Caregivers （護理人員） can sometimes be exposed byhandling a patient's waste, according to the CDC.

A. to find or discover sth.

C. to change sth. into ordinary language

2.       What are the symptomsof the novel Coronavirus ?

B. a runny nose, cough, sore throat, possibly a headache andmaybe a fever

D. a mild to moderate upper respiratory tract illness,similar to a common cold.

A. Viruses can spread from human contact with animals.

C. The viruses can be transmit by touching sth polluted anddroplet transmission.

導(dǎo)讀：面臨新型冠狀病毒挑戰(zhàn)，如何保護自己及他人？

After a new-type coronavirus was detected in viralpneumonia cases in Central China's Wuhan city a month ago, more cases have beenreported in recent days. _____1_____:

●Wearing a mask is one of the most effective ways toprotect you from getting infected.

●_____2_____, a mask is also needed to prevent you fromspreading germs to others.

Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you coughor sneeze, or you can cough or sneeze into your sleeve, but avoid covering withyour hands directly.

Wash your hands with soap and running water thoroughlyfor at least 15 seconds.

● After returning home

● After contacting with animals or handling animalwastes

● Exercise regularly is one of the most importantways to help you stay away from catching any infections.

● Seek prompt(及時的） medical attention if you have symptoms of fever andrespiratory infection.

●_____5_____. Avoid contact with wild animals or farmedlivestock without any protection.

B. Eat thoroughly cooked meat and eggs

D. Protect yourself and others from getting sick

F. If you’re not feeling well or have symptoms of fever

導(dǎo)讀：每個成為吹哨人的人，一定都知道自己未來將要面對的命運，但是他們還是選擇了站了出來，讓更多應(yīng)該知道真相的人知道了真相。

We are deeply saddened by thepassing of Dr. Li Wenliang.

“After emergency treatment, LiWenliang passed away,” the Central Hospital of Wuhan announced on Weibo, China’s version of Twitter. “We deeply regret and mourn Li’s _____8_____ (die).”

IV.語法填空（二）（原創(chuàng)）

Chineseresearchers have found three ___1___(exist)drugs with ___2___(fair)good inhibitory(抑制的) effects on the novel(新穎的）coronavirus  ___3___thecellular（細胞的） level, a local newspaper has reported. The threedrugs are Remdesivir, Chloroquine and Ritonavir. They are now under relevant ___4___ (procedure)to gain approval for ___5___ (clinic)use, said Hubei Daily ___6___ Wednesday. The ___7___(discover) was jointly made by researchers from theAcademy of Military Medical Sciences and the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV) under the Chinese Academy ofSciences (CAS).

V.語法填空（三）（原創(chuàng)）

The novel coronavirus(冠狀病毒), which____1____(originate)in the Chinese city of Wuhan and has now spread to 12countries, has much in common ____2___ seasonal flu. They are both viralinfections, share similar symptoms and crucially(關(guān)鍵地） can spread from human to human. In themidst of flu season in much of the northern hemisphere, ____3___(tell) thedifference between the two will be vital in stopping its spread.

"Thisvirus appears to go___6___(far) down into the lungs than would generally be thecase. Therefore, it will give you___7___ (symptom) of pneumonia(肺炎): thelungs becoming flooded, they don't function very well and the patient gets intobreathing difficulty."

Humanshave naturally built up antibodies to seasonal flu and annual vaccines____9____(develop) to fight it. During a pandemic(流行病), whichthe new coronavirus has the potential to become, "there is no immunity(免疫性) in the population so you have potentialfor a ___10___(globe) spread," warns Jones.

VI.語法填空（四）（原創(chuàng)）

1_______(address)anxiety and mental health concerns caused by the novel coronavirus outbreak,the National Health Commission has required provincial-level regions to combine2.______(psychology) support resources and standardize such public services.

YangFude, Party secretary of the Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, said many medicalworkers and personnel 8.____charge of registering and screening residents inneighborhoods 9.______(face) tremendous pressure and are pushing their mentaland physical 10____(limit). 

VII.短文改錯（原創(chuàng)）

"Antibiotics do not work againstviruses, only bacteria," the WHO said on it’s official website. However,if the patient is hospitalized for the virus, he may accept antibiotics since"bacterial co-infection is possible," the organization added. Up tonow, there are no specific medicine for preventing or treating the virus, theWHO said, adding that it is working with partners to help accelerate relatingresearch and development work. "People of all ages" can be infectedwith the novel coronavirus, elder people and people with pre-existing medicalconditions are more like to suffer, the WHO said. The organization advisedpeople to wash hands after contacting with pets, which can help protect them against"various common bacteria that can pass among pets and humans." Chinesehealth authorities said on Monday that it received reports of 2,829 newconfirmed cases of novel coronavirus infection and 57 death on Sunday.

VIII.書面表達

vaccine 疫苗     

infect 傳染；使感染

coronavirus  冠狀病毒

health care worker  醫(yī)護人員  

genetic code  基因序列

coronavirus 冠狀病毒，這樣稱呼的原因是這種病毒在顯微鏡下呈冠狀，像一頂王冠。而 “王冠”一詞在拉丁語中是corona 。按西方學(xué)術(shù)概念名稱使用拉丁語（或古希臘語）的習(xí)慣，人們將corona與virus 放在一起構(gòu)成合成詞coronavirus，即“冠狀病毒”。（virus 一詞也來自拉丁語）

(CNN) — Ateam of scientists in Texas, New York and China are at work on a vaccineagainst the new virus that has infected lots of people worldwide. The NationalInstitutes of Health (NIH) is also working on a vaccine. It will take a fewmonths until the first phase of the clinical trials get underway.

 

這種新型病毒是一種冠狀病毒，與引起SARS（重癥急性呼吸系統(tǒng)綜合征）的病毒屬于同一科。SARS于2002年在亞洲被首次報道，導(dǎo)致700多人死亡。自2012年以來已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致800多人死亡的中東呼吸綜合征（MERS）也是由一種冠狀病毒引起的。

“Thelesson we’ve learned is coronavirus infections are serious and one of thenewest and biggest global health threats,” said Dr. Peter Hotez, a vaccinescientist in Houston. He added that it’s less challenging to develop a vaccinefor coronaviruses than for other viruses such as HIV or influenza. If a vaccineis developed, he said, health care workers might be among the first to receiveit because they are exposed to infected patients.

 

他說，科學(xué)家能夠開始研制不到一個月前才被發(fā)現(xiàn)的病毒的疫苗，這是“非凡的”。他將這歸功于中國的研究人員，因為他們迅速地對病毒的基因組進行了排序并公布了結(jié)果。他說：“當(dāng)時的SARS，我們花了將近一年的時間來識別和繪制完整的基因序列�，F(xiàn)在我們只用了幾周的時間。”

2. 新型冠狀病毒，你需要知道些啥

This isan outbreak of disease that started in Wuhan, one of the central Chinese cities.It’s caused by a novel corona virus that means it’s brand-new. So new thatactually it doesn’t have a name yet.

What are the symptoms?

癥狀是哪些？

We onlyknow about the more severe cases, which is where people have gone on to developviral pneumonia, and those people obviously end up in hospital, and all thedeaths have been amongst those people.

Where have cases beenconfirmed so far?

目前病例確認在哪里？

… andthose who have died tend actually to have underlying conditions as they say,that they’re frail, they may have heart disease or cancer already, and sothey’re vulnerable. Basically their immune systems are not very robust, andthey’re gong to find it very hard to fight off a virus.

How is this virustransmitted?

這種病毒是如何傳染的？

What treatment isavailable?

有無現(xiàn)成治療方法？

How serious is thisoutbreak compared to others in the past?

和過去相比，這次爆發(fā)有多嚴重？

And thatwas largely because nobody had ever seen it before, but also the death rate wasat around 10%. And here so far we’re talking about a death rate of 2%, which isa lot less and it does look as if many of those people actually have hadunderlying health problems, which would make it more likely that they woulddie. They could equally have died of flu, so you have to put it into that context,I think.

 

Epidemic：傳染�。涣餍胁�

Pneumonia situation：肺炎疫情

詞匯講解：

novel coronavirus 新型冠狀病毒，“novel”在這里不是“小說”的意思，而是“新奇的，異常的”。

病人病例類

Confirmed case：確診病例

Close contacts：密切接觸者

Mild case：輕癥

Passengers with abnormal body temperature ：體溫異常旅客

confirmed case：確診病例 suspectedcase：疑似病例

close contacts：密切接觸者一詞中contact不作為動詞，而是應(yīng)用其名詞含義，即接觸者。

Temperature screening：體溫篩查

Body fluids：體液

Under medical observation：進行醫(yī)學(xué)觀察

First-level emergency response：一級應(yīng)急響應(yīng)

Major public health and security emergencies：重大突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生安全事件

Medical assistance ：醫(yī)療援助

Disinfect：消毒

詞匯講解：

例句：Passengers have to be quarantined for at least 14 days（乘客需至少被隔離14天）.

Thermometer：體溫計

Mask：口罩；面罩

Wheelchair：輪椅

詞匯講解：

respirator 一詞有的文章中指代的是防毒面具或特定類型的口罩

Symptom：癥狀                   

Susceptible：易感染的

Cough：咳嗽

Thirst：口渴

Ague：[ˈeɪɡjuː] 發(fā)冷；寒顫

Cold：感冒

Diarrhea：[,daɪə'riə] 腹瀉

詞匯講解：

人員部門類

Physician：內(nèi)科醫(yī)生

Quarantine officer：檢疫人員

Sanitary authority：檢疫部門

Fever clinic：發(fā)熱門診

Health authorities：衛(wèi)生主管部門

詞匯講解：

authority 的意思是“權(quán)力，權(quán)威”，英文中用它的復(fù)數(shù)形式 authorities 來指“官方、當(dāng)局、當(dāng)權(quán)者”。

education authorities 教育主管部門

supervisory authorities 監(jiān)督部門 ; 監(jiān)督管理機構(gòu)

爆發(fā) outbreak（n）

潛伏期 incubationinkju＇ber＇/period

密切接觸者 close contacts

疑似病例 suspected cases

解除醫(yī)學(xué)觀察be discharged from medical observation

隔離 quarantine/kwo:ranti:n/n＆v）

疫苗 vaccinevaeksi:n/

陰性的 negative

ENGLISH重癥患者 patient incritical condition

臨時醫(yī)院 makeshift hospital

致死率 fatality/fa＇taelati＇/rate

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