2017高考備考干貨:英語寫作語法錯誤歸類(2)
2016-08-23 17:01:41高考英語
固定搭配
錯誤有介詞短語的搭配,固定詞組的搭配,更多的是特殊動詞的搭配和用法出現(xiàn)錯誤最多。很多學習者在記單詞的時候,不記搭配和真正用法,
錯誤如下:
a. He suggested to go there on his bike.
b. My teacher explained me the text very carefully.
c. My mother made me to choose the one I liked best.
正確的句子:
a. He suggested going there on his bike.
b. My teacher explained to me the text very carefully.
c. My mother made me choose the one I liked best.
據(jù)以上的分析,中國學習者的英語應用很大程度上受到其母語的影響,直接翻譯,沒有記住這些動詞的特殊用法。
非謂語動詞
錯誤由于學生對非謂語動詞的概念不清楚,對不定式、分詞、動名詞的用法不明白,對句子結構分析不正確,常把非謂語動詞誤用作謂語動詞。學生不知道在英語句子中謂語動詞只能有一個,如果有另外一個動詞出現(xiàn),這個動詞有三種情況:一是并列謂語,但是這時候必須有連詞,如and, but等;二是出現(xiàn)在從句里面;三就是以分詞形式出現(xiàn),現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞,還有不定式,F(xiàn)在分詞有主動語態(tài)和進行時的含義,而過去區(qū)分詞有被動語態(tài)和完成時的含義,不定式有將來時態(tài)的意義。
例如:
a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things look at.
b. I am looking forward to see you.
正確的句子:
a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things to look at.
b. I am looking forward to seeing you.
分析:a句中己有謂語動詞there are,用來修飾things,此句缺的是后置定語。b句look forward to是一個固定短語,后面要接動名詞。c句要用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,跟所修飾的名詞之間是主謂關系,表示動作正在進行,因此用“sleeping”,相當于 “the child who is sleeping"。
冠詞錯誤
學生在翻譯時常會忘了考慮冠詞,或者說不重視冠詞這個問題,常有多用或少用或錯用的弊病。
冠詞考查分兩個方面,一是冠詞的殘缺或多余,考生要注意關于含有冠詞(不含冠詞)的用法以及加冠詞與不加冠詞的區(qū)別,如:in charge of與in the charge of, out of question與out of the question的區(qū)別。二是冠詞the, a, an(不定冠詞和定冠詞)之間的相互誤用。
英漢名詞確有許多共同點,但是也有不少不同點。英語名詞有可數(shù)與不可數(shù)之分,漢語里沒有,且一般情況下,名詞都可受到數(shù)量詞的限制。因此,英語寫作中,一旦涉及到advice, news, progress, weather, information等少數(shù)常用不可數(shù)名詞時,學生往往會犯錯誤。
不過,在使用英語不可數(shù)名詞時,又會出現(xiàn)兩種情況,一種是絕不可以用a/an或數(shù)詞來直接修飾,如上述提及的幾個名詞:另一種情況是,少數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞在被形容詞等修飾后,可用a/an等來修飾。如time(時間),rain(雨)。所以我們可以說:We had a wonderful time yesterday.
例如:
a. The air is the most important thing for our existence.
b. The driver brought the car to stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.
c. When sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.
正確的句子:
a. Air is the most important thing for our existence.
b. The driver brought the car to a stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.
c. When the sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.
代詞的錯誤
代詞主要有人稱代詞、物主代詞、關系代詞、反身代詞、疑問代詞、復合疑問代詞、指示代詞,要注意代詞的各人稱之間和單復數(shù)之間的誤用,關系代詞 which, that, as之間的誤用,關系代詞that與疑問代詞what之間的誤用,關系代詞which與關系副詞when, where,以及what與how的誤用等。
例如:
a. We do not like he.
b. If you like this books, you can take them away.
c. His book is different from me.
d. The population of China is larger than those of Japan.
正確的句子:
a. We do not like him.
b. If you like these books, you can take them away.
c. His book is different from mine.
d. The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
漢語里,人稱代詞沒有主格、賓格和所有格之變,而英語中的人稱代詞有主格、賓格和所有格之變,而且每格都具有其自身的用途,分別充當主語、賓語和定語等。尤其要注意的是,人稱代詞充當介詞賓語時,也要采用其賓格形式。