高一寒假備考：新版高一英語各單元知識點總結(jié)
2018-01-31 14:25:20今日頭條
高一英語各單元知識點總結(jié)及重難點解析
☆重點句型☆
1. What should a friend be like? 詢問對方的看法
2. I think he / she should be…表示個人觀點的詞語
3. I enjoy reading / I'm fond of singing / I like playing computer games. 等表示喜好的詞語
4. Chuck is on a flight when suddenly his plane crashes.
“when"作并列連詞的用法
5. What / Who / When / Where is it that...? 強調(diào)句的
特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)
6. With so many people communicating in English everyday,
... “with+賓語+賓補”的結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語
7. Can you tell me how to pronounce...? 帶連接副詞
(或代詞)的不定式做賓補的用法
☆重點詞匯☆
1. especially v. 特別地
2. imagine v. 想像
3. alone adv. / adj. 單獨，孤獨的
4. interest n. 興趣
5. everyday adj. 每天的，日常的
6. deserted adj. 拋棄的
7. hunt v. 搜尋
8. share v. 分享
9. care v. 在乎，關(guān)心
10. total n. 總數(shù)
11. majority n. 大多數(shù)
12. survive v. 生存，活下來
13. adventure n. 冒險
14. scared adj. 嚇壞的
15. admit v. 承認(rèn)
16. while conj. 但是，而
17. boring adj. 令人厭煩的
18. except prep. 除……之外
19. quality n. 質(zhì)量
20. favourite adj. 最喜愛的
☆重點短語☆
1. be fond of愛好
2. treat…as…把……看作為……
3. make friends with 與……交朋友
4. argue with sb. about / over sth. 與某人爭論某事
5. hunt for尋找
6. in order to為了
7. share…with與……分享
8. bring in引進；賺錢
9. a great / good many許多…
10. have difficulty (in) doing做……有困難
11. end up with以……結(jié)束
12. except for除……之外
13. come about發(fā)生
14. make(a)fire生火
15. make yourself at home別拘束
16. the majority of大多數(shù)
17. drop sb. a line給某人寫短信
18. for the first time第一次
19. at all根本；竟然
20. have a (good) knowledge of…精通……
☆短語闖關(guān)☆
下列短語都是這兩個單元學(xué)過的重要短語，請你根據(jù)漢語在橫線上填人一個正確的詞，每個詞4分，80分才能過關(guān)，你一定能過關(guān)，做好了闖關(guān)的準(zhǔn)備嗎?那么我們就開始吧?
l. be fond ____ 喜歡，愛好 of
2. hunt ____ 搜索。追尋，尋找 for
3. in to ____ 為了 order
4. care ____ 擔(dān)心，關(guān)心 about
5. such ____ 例如，諸如 as
6. drop sb a ____ 給某人寫信(通常指寫短信) line
7. make oneself at ____ 別客氣 home
8. ____ total 總共 in
9. except ____ 除了……之外 for
10. stay ____ 不睡，熬夜 up
11. ____ about 發(fā)生 come
12. end ____ with 以……告終 up
13. bring ____ 引進，引來 in
14. a great ____ 許許多多，極多 many
15. be ____ 對……深感興趣，深深迷上…… into
16. ____ the Internet 上網(wǎng) surf
17. ____ classes 逃學(xué)，逃課 skip
18. get ____ 聚會，相聚，聚集 together
19. be proud ____ 為……感到驕傲 of
20. keep an ____ on 照看，注意 eye
21. be curious ____ 對……感到好奇 about
22. shut ____ (使)住口 up
23. joke ____ 開玩笑 about
24. ____ the name of 以……名義 in
25. ____ the time 總是，一直 all
☆交際用語☆
1. I think…
I like / love / hate...
I enjoy...
My interests are...
2. Did you have a good flight?
You must be very tired.
Just make yourself at home.
I beg your pardon?
Can you tell me how to pronounce...?
Get it.
☆單詞聚焦☆
1. argue v. 的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：argument n. 1. [C]爭論 2. [U]討論．辯論3. [C]論據(jù)
▲ 搭配：
�、� argue with / against sb. over / on / about sth. 與某人 爭論某事
�、� argue for / against sth. 辯論贊成／反對某事
�、� argue that... 主張，認(rèn)為，爭辯說
�、� argue sb into / out of doing sth. 說服某人做／不做某事
▲友情提示：“說服某人做／不做某事”還可表達為：talk / persuade / reason sb. into / out of doing sth.
⑤ settle the argument 解決爭端
▲友情提示：an argument with sb about / over sth. 為某事和某人而發(fā)生的爭執(zhí)
【考例】What laughing ____ we had about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti (意大利式細面條) from plate to mouth. (2004全國卷I)
A. speeches B. lessons C. sayings D. arguments
[考查目標(biāo)] argue名詞形式的詞義。
[答案與解析] D argument的詞義是“爭辯，辯論”。
2. compare v. 的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：comparison n. 比較
▲搭配：① compare...to... 比擬；比作 ② compare... with / to... 將……和……相比較 ③ compare notes 對筆記；交換意見
【考例】 ____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (2004湖北)
A. Compare B. When comparing
C. Comparing D. When compared
[考查目標(biāo)] compare的用法。
[答案與解析] D 本句compare用在句首作狀語，并有“被比較”的意思。
3. consider v. 的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：consideration n. 考慮，思考；體諒，顧及
▲搭配：① consider doing sth. 考慮做某事 ② consider sb (to be / as)... 認(rèn)為／覺得某人……③ consider that- clause 認(rèn)為…… ④ take sth into consideration 考慮 ⑤ under consideration 在考慮中
【考例】Charles Babbage is generally considered ____ the first computer. (NMET 1993)
A. to invent B. inventing
C. to have invented D. having invented
[考查目標(biāo)] consider的幾種常見用法。
[答案與解析] C consider本身是被動語態(tài)時，后接不定式的各種結(jié)構(gòu)。如果表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情．用不定式的完成形式。
4. deserted adj. 空無一人的；被遺棄的；被拋棄的
(1) 空無一人的a deserted street / area空無一人的街道，地區(qū)；The office was quite deserted.辦公室里空無一人。
(2) 被遺棄的 a deserted child 被遺棄的孩子
(3) desert ['dezot] n. 沙漠
desert [dI'zo:t] vt. 丟棄；遺棄
He deserted his wife and children after becoming rich.
5. difficulty n.
(1) difficulty (通常作復(fù)數(shù)) 難事，難點，難題She met with many difficulties when travelling.
(2) 在以下句型中，difficulty是不可數(shù)名詞，不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
have (some) difficulty (in) doing sth.
干某事有困難
there is (some) difficulty (in) doing sth.
have (some) difficulty with sth.
在某事上有困難
there is (some) difficulty with sth.
do sth. with difficulty / without difficulty 困難地／輕而易舉地做某事
We had a lot of difficulty in finding your house.
Do you have any difficulty with your English?
【注意】
(1) 以上句型中，difficulty前可加some, little, much, a lot of, no, any修飾
(2) 以上句型中，亦可用trouble來代替difficulty。
6. favourite = favorite (A. E) 最喜愛的；最喜愛的人或事物
(1) adj. 最喜愛的My favorite sport is playing football.
(2) n. [C] 最喜愛的人或事物He is a favorite with his uncle.
7. fun的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：funny adj. 有趣的．滑稽的，好笑的；奇特的，古怪的
▲搭配：
�、� make fun of 取笑；嘲弄；開某人的玩笑
�、� (just)for / in fun = (just) for the fun of it 取樂，非認(rèn)真地，說／做著玩的
�、� be full of fun…… 很好玩
�、� have fun with sb. 和某人開一個玩笑
�、� have (some) fun 玩得(很)高興，玩得(很)開心
⑥ It's (great) fun to do sth干某事很有趣；干某事真是一件趣事；干某事真開心
�、� What fun (it is) to do sth! 干某事多么有趣呀!
�、� have a lot of fun doing sth 干某事玩得很開心
【考例】 (200上海春招) This is not a match. We're play- ing chess just for ____.
A. habit B. hobby C. fun D. game
[考查目標(biāo)] fun構(gòu)成的短語for fun的意思。
[答案與解析]C，for fun 常在句中用作狀語，意思是“說／做著玩的”。
8. imagine的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：① imagination n. [C / U] 想像，想像力，想像的事物 ② imaginative adj. 富有想像力的
▲搭配：① imagine sth / doing sth ② beyond (all) imagination (完全)出乎意料地
【考例】 I can hardly imagine Peter ___across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (MET 1991)
A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed
[考查目標(biāo)] imagine的基本用法。
[答案與解析] C imagine后接動詞的-ing形式，本句的Peter是這個動名詞的邏輯主語。
9. interest的用法
interest vt. 使……感興趣 n. 興趣，愛好 [U] 利息；利潤 He has a great interest in politics. 他對政治極感興趣。/ a broad interest 廣泛的利益 / a common interest 共同的利益 / a strong interest 極強的興趣
▲構(gòu)詞：① interesting 令人感興趣的(事物) ② interested (某人對某事)有興趣的
▲搭配：① interest sb in sth 使某人注意，關(guān)心或參入某事；使某人對某事感興趣 ② be interested in 對……感興趣(關(guān)心) ③have an interest in sth. / in doing sth. 對某方面有興趣 (關(guān)心)；在……中有股份、權(quán)益等 ④ hold one's interest 吸引住某人的興趣 ⑤ in the interest(s) of 為……利益；為……起見；對……有利 ⑥ lose interest in 對……不再感興趣 ⑦ show / take (an) interest in / in doing sth. 對……表示關(guān)心(有興趣) ⑧ have / take / feel no interest in 對……不 (不太) 感興趣 ⑨ with interest 有興趣地，津津有味地 ⑩develop / find / feel interest in sth. / in doing sth. 在某方面培養(yǎng)／有興趣 ? lose interest in sth. / in doing sth. 對某方面失去興趣
有時interest可與不定冠詞連用。He developed an interest in science.
另外：interest作“愛好”解時，是可數(shù)名詞。 His interests include reading and tennis.
【考例】____, they immediately suggested that she put them together to make a single one long story and paid Tracy a $50,000 advance. (2004全國卷 II)
A. Interested B. Anxiously
C. Seriously D. Encouraged
[考查目標(biāo)] interest派生詞的詞義和用法。
[答案與解析] A interested指(出版商)對這件事有興趣。
10. prove的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：① proof n. 證據(jù)。試驗，考驗，(印刷)校樣
▲搭配：① prove sth to sb 向某人證實…… ② prove to sb that 從句向某人證實…… ③ prove (oneself) to be 證明(自己)是，表現(xiàn)出
【考例】It was in the neighboring country — United States that such resistance to spray was first ____. (05長春模擬)
A. proved B. killed C. thought D. discussed
[考查目標(biāo)] 考查prove的意思。
[答案與解析] A 本題was proved的意思是“得到證實”，有被動意味。
11. provide的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：① provider n. 供給者，供應(yīng)者，養(yǎng)家者 ② provided / providing conj. 倘若
▲搭配：provide sb with sth / sth to sb 給……提供；以……裝備
【考例】His son ____ the old man with all the food and the money he needed.
A. provided B. fed C. afforded D. charred
[考查目標(biāo)]考查provide的詞義。
[答案與解析]A provide與with搭配，意思是“向某人提供某物”。
12. share的用法
▲搭配：① share (in) sth. with sth. 和某人分享、分擔(dān)、共用某物 ② share sth (out) between / among... 將某物分配、分給…… ③ share joys / happiness and sorrows (with sb) (和某人) 同甘共苦 ④ share one's opinion 同意某人的意見
【考例】Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare — you must learn to ____. (NMET 2000)
A. support B. care C. spare D. share
[考查目標(biāo)] 此題主要考查在語境中選擇動詞的能力。
[答案與解析] D 四個選項的含義分別為：support 支持；care 在意，關(guān)心；spare 擠出(時間)，勻出某物；share分享，分擔(dān)，與某人合用。根據(jù)語境可知說話者是想讓Clare學(xué)會與人共享——把玩具(拿出來)和Harry一起玩，share在此意為“合用玩具”，解此題的關(guān)鍵是信息play with your toys as well。故D為最佳答案。
13. solve的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：solution n. 1. [C] (問題的)解答；(困難的)解決方法 2. [U] 解答，解決 3. [U] 溶解
▲搭配：the solution to 解決……的辦法
【考例3】In the end, one suggestion seems to be the solution ____ the problem. (2001北京春招)
A. with B. into C. for D. to
[考查目標(biāo)] solve名詞solution的相關(guān)搭配。
[答案與解析] D “對于……的解決辦法”，介詞用to。
14. total n. / adj. 全部(的)
(1) in total 加起來In total, there must have been 20000 people there.
(2) a total of 總共His expenses (支出) reached a total of $100.
(3) the total of...……的總數(shù) The total 0f the bill is 230 dollars.
15. when conj.
when并列連詞，= and then，表示“就在那時，突然”，常見以下句型中：
(1) be doing...when...正在做……突然……I was wandering through the streets when l caught sight of a tailor's shop.
(2) had done...when...剛做了……突然……I had just sat down when the light went out.
(3) be about to do...when...剛要做……突然……I was just about to go swimming when our guide saw me and shouted at me.
16. while conj.
(1) while從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，從句動詞用延續(xù)性動詞，主句的動作發(fā)生在從句動作發(fā)生的過程之中。Come on, get these things away while I make the tea.
(2) 并列連詞，表前后兩個分句意義相反或相對，意為“然而”。Some people waste food while others haven't enough.
(3) 放在句首，表示“盡管；雖然”，相當(dāng)于although。While we don't agree, we continue to be friendly.
[牛刀小試1] 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：
(compare，interest，fun，solve，argue，consider，share)
1. All the novels are considered ____ the young readers in the 1980s. (to have interested)
2. Bob thought it ____ to solve maths problems while others hated it. (fun)
3. The headmaster ignored the ____ between Mrs. Wang and his nephew. (argument)
4. We can't decide. The plan needs to be ____. (considered)
5. ____ with Class Two, ours has more boy students. (Compared)
6. I find a better way ____ this problem. (to solve)
7. Nearly half of the companies ____ the same opinion with the government. (share / shared)
【詞語比較】
1. especially, specially
especially adv. 特殊地；尤其是
(1)側(cè)重于多種事物或人中比較突出的。I like all the subjects at school, especially English. (尤其是英語)
(2) especially 后可接介詞短語或從句。I like the Yuelu Mountains, especially in spring. (尤其是在春天) Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep.
specially 側(cè)重特意地、專門地做某事 (后面常接for sb. 或to do sth.)
I made a chocolate cake specially for you.
2. boring, bored, bore
boring adj. 令人厭煩的 The book is very boring.
bored adj. 感到厭煩的 I'm bored with the book.
bore vt. 令人厭煩 This book bores me.
有些表示情感的及物動詞，有與bore類似的用法。如：interest, excite, surprise, amaze, frighten, astonish, move, inspire, touch, scare, disappoint, puzzle, worry 這類詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，為“令人……”；過去分詞形式，為“感到……”。
3. except for, except, but, besides
表示“除了”的詞或短語有：except; but; except for; besides; except that (when...) 等。
(1) except 和 but 都表示“除了……之外。沒有”，二者大多數(shù)情況下可以互換；但在no, all, nobody, nothing, no one 等詞后多用 but。No one knows our teacher's address except / but him. (排除him)
(2) besides 除……之外，還……，有附加性。What other foreign languages do you know besides English? (English與other languages都屬于know的范圍)
(3) except for 只不過……，整體肯定，部分修正，用于排除非同類事物，for表示細節(jié)上的修正。 Your article is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.
4. know, know of, know about
(1) know 用作動詞，意思是“(直接地)獲知，懂得，認(rèn)識，熟悉”。I don't know whether he is here or not. / I know him to be honest.
(2) know of和know about的意思都是“(間接地)獲知”，指聽別人說到或從書報上看到，二者沒有什么區(qū)別。
5. for example; such as
(1) for example“例如”，用來舉例說明某一論點或情況。一般只舉同類人或物中的“一個”為例，作插入語，可位于句首、句中或句末�？捎胒or instance替換。For example, air is invisible. / His spelling is terrible! Look at this word, for example.
(2) such as “例如”，用來列舉事物，一般列舉同類人或事物中的幾個例子。插在被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間，as后面不可有逗號。Some of the European Languages come from Latin, such as French, Italian and Spanish.
[注意]如把前面所述情況全部舉出，用that is或namely。
☆短語歸納☆
1. 含all的短語
1) first of all 首先 (強調(diào)順序)
2) in all (=in total=altogether) 總共
3) after all 畢竟，終究
4) at all 到底，根本
5) above all 最重要的是 (強調(diào)重要性)
6) not (...) at all (= not (...) in the least) 根本不，一點也不
7) all the time 始終，一直
8) all of a sudden (=suddenly) 突然，冷不防
9) all right 行，可以
10) all at once 立劉，馬上
11) all day and all night 日日夜夜
12) all over 遍及
13) all alone 獨個兒，獨立地
14) all but 幾乎，差一點
15) all in all 總的說來
16) all together 一道，同時，總共
17) for all 盡管
[例句] I woke up and didn't hear him at all. 我醒了，一點兒也沒有聽到他說話。/ He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了很多跤，以至于渾身青一塊紫一塊的。/ You shouldn't scold her. After all, she is only five years old. 你不應(yīng)該責(zé)怪他，畢竟，她只有五歲。/ Children need many things, but above all, they need love. 孩子需要許多東西，最重要的是，需要愛。/ You must have known it all the time. 你一定一直知道這事。
【考例】 People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. ____, she is a great musician. (2004甘肅、青海)
A. After all B. As a result C. In other words D. As usual
[考查目標(biāo)] 主要考查四個短語的用法。
[答案與解析] A after all意為“畢竟．終究”；as a result意為“結(jié)果”；in other words意為“換句話說”；as usual意為“像往常一樣”。本句意思是：雖然人們對她看法不一。但我還是佩服她。因為她畢竟是一個偉大的音樂家。
【考例】I'd like to buy a house -- modern, comfortable, and ____ in a quiet neighborhood. (2004福建)
A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all
[考查目標(biāo)] 主要考查all構(gòu)成的四個短語。
[答案與解析] B in all意為“總共”；above all意為“最重要的是”； after all 意為“畢竟”；at all 意為“到底”。本句話意思是：我想買一個房子，現(xiàn)代的、舒服的，但最重要的是在一個安靜的地區(qū)。
2. at all
(1)用在肯定句中，“竟然” I'm surprised that you came at all.
(2)用在否定句中，“一點也不” There was nothing to worry about at all.
(3)用在疑問句中，“到底”“究竟” Have you been there at all?
(4)用在條件句中，“真的，確實” If you do it at all, do it well.
3. 含“be + 形容詞 + 介詞”的短語
1) be good at 擅長于
2) be interested in 對……感興趣
3) be pleased / satisfied / content with 對……滿意
4) be famous for 因……而出名
5) be kind / good to 對……好
6) be lost in 沉湎于
7) be active in 在某方面積極
8) be sure about / of 確信
9) be afraid of 害怕
10) be full of 充滿
11) be filled with 充滿
12) be made of / from 由……組成
13) be generous to 對……慷慨
14) be popular with 受歡迎
15) be confident of 確信
16) be fond of 喜歡，喜愛
17) be angry with / at 對……發(fā)脾氣
18) be late for 遲到
19) be amazed / surprised / astonished / shocked at 對……感到驚訝
20) be busy doing 忙著做……
21) be excited about 對……感到興奮
22) be worried about 擔(dān)心
23) be used for / as 用于
24) be curious about 對……好奇
[例句] Lin Lin is confident of his ability to get work for himself. 林林確信自己有能力做這活。He was generous to everybody with money, as a result, he saved little. 他對誰花錢都很慷慨，結(jié)果沒有攢到多少錢。She is very active in helping the poor. 在幫助窮人方面，她很熱心。Pop music is popular with the young generation. 流行歌曲受年輕一代的歡迎。Lost in thought, he didn't realize that I came in. 他陷入思考之中，沒有意識到我進來了。I was amazed at the sight so that I didn't know what to do. 看到這一幕我非常驚訝，不知道該做什么。Students in Senior 3 are busy preparing for the coming final exam. 高三學(xué)生在忙于準(zhǔn)備即將到來的期末考試。
【考例l】(2005重慶)
-- You know, Bob is a little slow ____ understanding, so...
-- So I have to be patient ____ him.
A. in; with B. on; with C. in; to D. at; for
[考查目標(biāo)] 同定搭配中介詞的選擇。
[答案與解析] A be slow in 意為“在……方面反應(yīng)遲鈍”，be patient with 意為“對……有耐心”。
4. end up with...以……結(jié)束
(1) end up with + n. 以……結(jié)束
The party ended up with the singing of Auld Lang Syne.
(2) end up as...最后成為…He will end up as a president some day.
(3) end up + 地點狀語最后(有……結(jié)局) If you drive your car like that, you'll end (up) in hospital.
5. “make + 名詞” 短語
�、� make a noise 吵鬧
�、� make faces 做鬼臉，做苦臉
�、� make room for 給……騰出地方
�、� make the bed 整理床鋪
�、� make phone calls 打電話
�、� make friends with 交朋友
�、� make money 賺錢
⑧ make use of 利用
�、� make a decision 做出決定
�、� make a mistake 犯錯誤
[例句] The boy made a face at his teacher when she turned her back. 老師轉(zhuǎn)身時，男孩朝老師做了個鬼臉。
Working in the kitchen made the boy into a good cook. 在廚房里干活使男孩成為一位優(yōu)秀廚師。
They were moved out to a nearby hotel, to make room for more important persons. 為了給更重要的人物騰出
地方，他們被搬到了附近的一家旅店。
【考例】 The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to ____. (2003北京春招)
A. make it out B. make it off
C. make it up D. make it over
[考查目標(biāo)] 主要考查make短語。
[答案與解析] A make out意為“領(lǐng)悟、弄明白、發(fā)現(xiàn)真相” make off 意為“連忙跑掉”；make up 意為“彌補、打扮、組成”；make over 意為“轉(zhuǎn)讓、改造”。因為受到迷惑，所以應(yīng)該是試圖發(fā)現(xiàn)真相。
【考例】
-- When shall we start?
-- Let's ____ it at 8:30. Is that all right? (2002北京)
A. set B. meet C. make D. take
[考查目標(biāo)] 此題主要考查 make 短語。
[答案與解析] C make it“規(guī)定時間”為固定短語。本句話意思是“把出發(fā)的時間定在8點半”。set意思是“對時間”、“調(diào)時間”。
6. make fire點火
有以下fire (n.) 短語: be on fire 著火了(表示狀態(tài)) / catch fire 燃著；著火(表示動作) / play with fire 玩火；干冒險的事 / Set sth. on fire = set fire to sth. 放火燒…… / make (a) fire 點火；生火 / start (cause) a fire引起火災(zāi)
[注意] fire作“火災(zāi)”“一堆火”解時，為可數(shù)名詞。
7. a great / good many許多
(1) a great / good many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)，中間無“of”。A great many people have seen the film.
(2) a great / good many + of + the / these / those / one's + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) A great many of the people have seen the film.
8. make yourself at home 別拘束
(1) make yourself at home 別拘束(主人對客人說的委婉語) -- Good evening, Jim. -- Good evening, Mary. Come in and make yourself at home.
(2) (all) by oneself 獨自(沒有別人幫助) You can't possibly do it all by yourself.
(3) enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得高興 Please enjoy yourself while you're spending your holiday in Hawaii.
(4) for oneself 親自; 為自己The student wants to think it for himself. / One should not live for oneself alone.
(5) of oneself 自動地The door closed of itself suddenly.
(6) be oneself 身體或情緒好 I am not myself today.
(7) help oneself to + n. / pron. 隨便…… Please help yourself to the fish．
(8) in oneself 本身 This is not a bad idea in itself.
(9) come to oneself 蘇醒The injured man came to him- self in five minutes.
(10) between ourselves 私下說的話 All this is between ourselves.
9. the majority of... 大多數(shù)的……
(1) a / the majority of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時，謂語動詞多用復(fù)數(shù)。the majority 單獨作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式均可。The majority of people seem to prefer watching games to playing games./ The majority were (was) in favour of the proposal.
(2) by a majority of + 數(shù)字，以超過……票的多數(shù)She won the election by a majority of 900 votes.
10. treat … as … 把…看做… The kind lady treated me as her own daughter.
【比較】 表示“認(rèn)為”的短語還有：
regard…as… consider…(as)… think of…as…
look on / upon…as… take…for…
[注意] 在consider…as…短語中as可省略，其他短語中不可。
[牛刀小試2]
1. If you are ____ about Australian cities, just read the book written by Dr. Johnson.
A. interested B. anxious C. upset D. curious
2. Her son, ____ whom she was so ____, went abroad 10 years ago.
A. of; loved B. for; cared
C. to; devoted D. on; affected
3. In order to continue to learn by ourselves when we have left school, we must ____ learn how to study in the school now.
A. in all B. after all C. above all D. at all
4. -- I am sorry I didn't do a good job.
-- Never mind. ____, you have tried your best.
A. Above all B. In all
C. At all D. After all
5. Since we can't find a bigger apartment, we'll have to ____ what we have.
A. hope for the best B. make room for
C. make the best of D. lay our hope on
(DCCDC)
【句型歸納】
1. I don't enjoy singing, nor do I like computers. 我不喜歡唱歌，也不喜歡電腦。/ Rock music is OK, and so is skiing. 搖滾音樂還可以，滑雪也行。
這兩句中nor與so用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：I don't know, nor do I care. 我不知道，也不關(guān)心。so的常見句型有：
(1) so + be / 助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞 + 主語 (意為“主語也 ……” )
(2) neither / nor + be / 助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞 + 主語(意為“主語也不……” )
(3) so it is / was with sb / sth和so it is / was the same with sb / sth (意為“主語也……” ) (用在前文有兩個或以上的從句，而且分句有不同的謂語或既有肯定又有否定以及既有系動詞義有行為動詞的情況)
(4) so + 主語 + be / 助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞 (意為“主講確實如此”)，表示進一步肯定。
(5) 主語 + did + so (意為“主語按照吩咐做了”)。
【考例】 Mary never does any reading in the evening, ____. (2005全國 III)
A. so does John B. John does too
C. John doesn't too D. nor does John
[考查目標(biāo)] nor表示“也不”引導(dǎo)的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
[答案與解析] D 由never可以判斷該句為否定句�？崭裉幘湟鉃�“約翰也沒讀書”。nor, so, neither可引起倒裝句。
2. Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends. 查克是個生意人，他總是那么忙，幾乎沒有時間和朋友在一起。
該句中so...that... 和such...that... 都能連接結(jié)果狀講從句，但要注意詞序不同。例如：Joan is such a lonely girl that all of us like her. = She is so lovely a girl that we all like her.
常見句型：
(1) such + a / an + 形容詞 + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that clause
(2) such + 形容詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that clause
(3) such + 形容詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞 + that clause
(4) so + 形容詞 + a / an + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that clause
(5) so + 形容詞 / 副詞 + that clause
(6) so + many / few + 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that clause
(7) so + much / little + 不可數(shù)名詞 + that clause
注意：① 當(dāng)little不表示數(shù)量“少”而表示“小”的意思時，仍然 要用such。② 當(dāng)so + adj. / adv. 或 such + n. 位于句首時，主句需要倒裝。
【考例】 So difficult ____ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English. (2001上海)
A. I have felt B. have I felt
C. I did feel D. did I feel
[考查目標(biāo)] so + adj. 位于句首時，主句倒裝。
[答案與解析] D A、C語序不對，排除。B時態(tài)不對。
3. One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes. 一天，查克在飛越太平洋時．他的飛機突然墜毀了。
該句中的“when”表示“正在這時”，相當(dāng)于and just或and at that time. 這時不能用while / as 替換。
常見句型：(1) be about to do sth when... (2) be doing sth when... (3) be on the point of doing sth when...
【考例】We were swimming in the lake ____ suddenly the storm started. (2004北京春招)
A. when B. while C. until D. before
[考查目標(biāo)] "when" 作連詞，表示“正在這時”。
[答案與解析] A 意為“我正在湖中游泳，突然暴風(fēng)雨來了。”只有when才能用于這種句型。
4. He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire. 他不得不學(xué)會收集淡水．尋找食物，生火什么的。
該句中的“how I to collect...”為動詞不定式短語作賓語。例如：We must decide which one to buy. 疑問詞which, what, how, when, where等與小定式構(gòu)成不定式短語。
【考例】 I've worked with children before, so I knew what ____ in my new job. (NMET 2000)
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
[考查目標(biāo)] what to do sth 不定式短語作賓語。
[答案與解析] B 該句需要填非謂語動詞。排除A、D。句意為“以前我與孩子在一塊兒工作過。因此我知道我的新工作需要什么。”C不表示進行，排除C。
5. In order to survive, Chuck developed a friendship with an unusual friend — a volleyball he called Wilson. 為了生存下去，查克和一位不尋常的朋友--“排球”建立了友誼，查克叫他威爾森。
1. 該句中的"in order to"，意思為“為了，以便”，作目的 狀語。在句子中作同的狀語的常見句型有五種結(jié)構(gòu)：to do sth / in order to do sth / so as to do sth / in order that clause / so that clause
注意：(1) so as to do sth 不能位于句首。(2) 如果主句與從句的主語一致時，四個結(jié)構(gòu)可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換。(3) 在in order that / so that 引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語動詞常與can, could, may, might 等情態(tài)動詞連用。
【考例】(2005北京) I'd like to arrive 20 minutes early ____ I can have time for a cup of tea.
A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that
[考查目標(biāo)] 目的狀語。
[答案與解析]D as soon as “一…就…”；as a result“結(jié)果是”；in case “萬一”；so that“以便，為的是”。句意：“我想提前二十分鐘到以便有時間喝杯茶”。
2. 該句子中 volleyball 是作同位語。例如：He advised farmers to choose the best seed-heads, the ones that had the best color.
注意：這種同位語(不是同位語從句)與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別。
【考例】(NMET 2002) Meeting my uncle after these years was an unforgotten moment, ____ I will always treasure.
A. that B. one C. it D. what
[考查目標(biāo)] one作同位語，指代a moment。
[答案與解析] B that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，排除A；if不能作同位語，排除C；what既不能引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句，也不能作同位語�？梢蕴顆hich，這樣就成了非限制性定語從句。
6. For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed. 長期以來，美國英語保持不變，但英國英語變化了。
1. 該句中的“while"用作并列連詞．表示前后對比，意為 “然而”。“while"充當(dāng)連詞，還能引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。意為“during the time that…”；引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意 為“although…”。
2. 該句中的 "stay" 為系動詞。后接表語 (the same)。 除了stay外，常見的系動詞還有: become, get, turn, grow, go, come, run, fall, keep, stay, remain。
【考例】(NMET 2003) Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will ____ fresh for several days.
A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed
[考查目標(biāo)] 系動詞的用法。
[答案與解析] B 系動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，一般不用進行
時態(tài)，排除A、C；句意不是表示完成，排除D。系動詞表示狀態(tài)。
7. for the first time 第一次
(1) for the first time 第一次，后面不加從句，在句中作狀語 They came to Beijing for the first time.
(2) the first time 名詞短語，在從句中充當(dāng)連詞，后接時間狀語從句，不接that，when等連詞。有同樣用法的短語還有：every time; next time; the last time
They liked Beijing the first time they went there.
(3) It's / This is the first time that + 從句(用現(xiàn)在完成時)這是……的第一次 It's the first time that I have ever been abroad at all.
8. What is it that...? 是什么……?
強調(diào)句的用法：
(1) 結(jié)構(gòu)：It is / It was (過去時間) + 被強調(diào)部分 + that / who (專指人) + 其他部分
(2) 用法：除了謂語動詞不能強調(diào)，句子的每部分均可強調(diào)。 Jim met the student in the street last week.
主語 賓語 地點狀語 時間狀語
強調(diào)主語：It was Jim who / that met the student in the street last week.
強調(diào)賓語：It was the student whom / that Jim met in the street last week.
強調(diào)地點狀語：It was in the street that Jim met the student last week.
強調(diào)時間狀語：It was last week that Jim met the student in the street.
(3) 注意點：
一般疑問句的強調(diào)句：
Was it Dr Wang who spoke to you just now?
特殊疑問句的強凋句：
Who is it that will visit our class?
Where is it that he has gone?
When was it that she went?
not … until … 用于強調(diào)句：
It was not until then that I realized I was wrong.
[牛刀小試3]
1. -- I would never ever come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! -- ____. (2004廣西)
A. Nor am I B. Neither would I
C. Same with me D. So do I
2. We can't imagine ____ little mice can eat up ____ many crops every year.
A. so; so B. such; so C. such; such D. so; so
3. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park ____ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.
A. when B. while C. since D. once
4. It is said in Australia there is more land than the govern- ment knows ____. (NMET 2002)
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
5. Roses need special care ___they can live through winter.
(2004 天津)
A. because B. so that C. even if D. as
(BBACB)
【交際速成】
1. Talking about likes and dislikes. 談?wù)撓矚g和不喜歡
-- I enjoy Chinese food very much. -- ____. (03東北三校)
A. Please taste quickly B. Have more, please
C. Help yourself D. Eat slowly while it is hot
[答案與解析]C本題主要考查具體語境下“對事物喜好”的表達及應(yīng)答。A項不禮貌，B、D兩項屬漢語習(xí)慣，C項符合此時英語語境。
【歸納】英語中常見表達喜歡和不喜歡態(tài)度的用語有：
(1) This book is very interesting.
(2) I like / love the movie (very much).
(3)I like / love to play computer games.
(4) I like taking photos.
(5) I enjoy listening to music.
(6) I'm interested in science. My hobbies / interests are...
(7) He is fond of music.
(8) This song is bad / awful.
(9) I don't like the movie very much / at all.
(10)I don't enjoy collecting stamps.
(11)I hate to do homework. I hate dancing,
(12)I'm not into classic music.
(13)I think that classic music is terrible / boring.
2. Making apologies 道歉
-- I'm sorry I'm calling you so late. -- ____ Okay.
(2003北京春招)
A. This is B. You're C. That's D. I'm
[答案與解析] C 本題主要考查英語中道歉及應(yīng)答用語。A、B、D三項不符合交際英語的習(xí)慣，故C項正確。
【歸納】英語中常見道歉用語有：
(1) I'm very sorry. I didn't mean to (hurt your feelings).
(2) I'm terribly sorry about that.
(3) I'm afraid I've brought you too much trouble.
(4) Please excuse me coming late.
(5) Please forgive me.
(6) Excuse me, please.
(7) I beg your pardon.
應(yīng)答表達有：
(1) That's / It's all right.
(2) That's / It's OK.
(3) Never mind.
(4) It doesn't matter.
(5) It's nothing.
(6) Forget it.
(7) Don't worry about that.
(8) Don't mention it.
3. Talking about language difficulties in communication 談?wù)撜Z言交際困難
-- I'm sorry. I can't catch you. ____
-- OK, it's B—L—A—C—K.
A. Would you please walk slowly?
B. I don't understand you．
C. What's the meaning of this word?
D. Would you please repeat it more slowly?
[答案與解析] D本題主要考查語言交際困難的功能意念。catch 在整個語境中是“聽見，聽清”的意思，A項錯誤理解了catch 在此處的意思，B、C兩項語義不連貫， 故正確答案是D。
【歸納】英語中常見的談?wù)撜Z言交際困難的用語有：
(1) Pardon? / I beg your pardon.
(2) Sorry, I can't follow you.
(3) Can you speak more slowly, please?
(4 )How do you say...in English.'?
(5) I don't know how to say that in English.
(6) I don't know the word in English.
(7) How do you spell it, please?
(8) I'm sorry I only know a little English.
(9) Could you repeat that, please? Could you say that
again, please?
(10) What do you mean by killing time?
[牛刀小試4]
1. -- ____ I didn't hear you clearly. It's too noisy here.
-- I was saying that the party was great.
A. Repeat. B. Once again.
C. Sorry? D. So what?
2. -- Do you like a house with no garden?
-- ____. But anyhow, it's better to have one than none.
A. Not a bit B. Not a little
C. Not really D. Not specially
3. -- I'm sorry for stepping on your foot? -- ____.
A. It's OK B. You are welcome
C. It's your fault D. Never you mind
4. -- What you said at the meeting hurt me badly!
-- Sorry. But ____.
A. I didn't mean it B. I didn't mean to
C. I don't mean it D. I don't mean to
5. -- You seem to show interest in cooking.
-- ____? On the contrary, I'm tired of it.
A. Really B. Pardon C. OK D. What
(CCABD)
【精典題例】
1. -- David has made great progress recently.
-- ____, and ____.
A. So he has; so have you B. So has he; so have you
C. So he has; so you have D. So has he; so you have
【解析】選A 答句中的he指David，不倒裝。“So have you” 意為“你也一樣(取得了進步)”。
2. Little ____ what others think.
A. does he care about B. care he about
C. about he eared D. about cared he
【解析】選A little為否定副詞，置于句首時，句子使用部分倒裝。
3. At school, what he enjoys ____ football.
A. playing B. to play C. is playing D. played
【解析】選C what he enjoys為主語從句，謂語動詞為be，表語為playing football。不要誤以為playing是enjoy的賓語而誤選A。
4. At the ____news, all the women present burst out crying.
A. unexpecting B. disappointing
C. disappointed D. interesting
【解析】選B聯(lián)系語境，所有在場的婦女都哭了，因此為disappointing"令人失望的(消息)”。
5. He was about to tell me the secret ____ someone patted him on the shoulder.
A. as B. until C. while D. when
【解析】選D "when"表示“就在這時，突然”。
6. The wolf said in a ____ voice and the scholar felt ____.
A. frightening; frightened B. frightened; frightened
C. frightened; frightening D. frightening; frightening
【解析】選A frightening“令人害怕”；frightened“感
到害怕”。
7. In our ____ life, English is ____ used.
A. everyday; wide B. everyday; widely
C. every day; wide D. every day; widely
【解析】選B everyday“日常的，每天的”；widely“廣泛地”。
8. -- Hello, Mary. I've got a girlfriend. -- What's she like?
-- ____.
A. I don't know B. She's like her mother, not father
C. She likes music D. Not had! Quite pretty
【解析】選D表外表給人的印象。
9. The fire ____ for half an hour before the fire fighters arrived.
A. had put out B. was put out
C. had been out D. had broken out
【解析】選C be out"火熄滅”，表示狀態(tài)。
10. It has been suggested that the land ____ equally among the peasants.
A. be shared B. should be spared
C. saved D. be spent
【解析】選A suggest后用虛擬語氣。be shared前可
省略should。
11. She took ____ in physics and read ____ on the subject.
A. interest; as books many as she could
B. an interest; as many books as she could
C. interested; as many books as she can
D. interests; as books as she could
【解析】選B根據(jù)短語搭配和時態(tài)一致可知。
12. -- How's the young man? -- ____.
A. He's twenty B. He's a doctor
C. He is much better D. He's David
【解析】選C how is sb. “某人身體如何”。
13. Let Harry play with your toys as well. Clare, you must learn to ____.
A. support B. care C. spare D. share
【解析】選D share“分享”；support“支持”；care“在意”；spare“抽出(時間)。節(jié)余”。
14. The new dress looks wonderful on you ____ the collar.
A. besides B. except C. beside D. except for
【解析】選D“美中不足的是領(lǐng)子”，表示部分修正。
15. -- What about your classmate, Susan?
-- Our teacher ____ her a good and clever student.
A. regards B. believes C. suggests D. considers
【解析】選D consider as…“認(rèn)為……是……”，as可省略。
高一英語各單元知識點總結(jié)及重難點解析Unit3-4
☆重點句型☆
1. Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, ... you may want to try hiking. Instead和instead 0f的用法
2. Say "Hi" / "Hello" / "Thanks" to sb. (for me) 問候的句型
3. Is anybody seeing you off? 進行時表將來
4. She struggled and struggled, and could not get on her feet. (= keep struggling)
5. You should not go rafting unless you know... unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，相當(dāng)于if... not
6. By staying at..., tourists can help the villagers make money so that they can take care of the fiver and the birds. 目的狀語從句
7. She was so surprised that she couldn't move. 結(jié)果狀語從句
8. Tree after tree went down, cut down by water. 過去分詞作狀語
9. The next moment, the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語
10. However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her. It didn't take long before the building was destroyed. before的用法
☆重點詞匯☆
1. means n. 方法；途徑
2. experience n. 經(jīng)驗
3. equipment n. 設(shè)備
4. successful adj. 成功的
5. protect v. 保護
6. handle v. 處理
7. consider v. 考慮
8. benefit n. 利益
9. particular adj. 特別的
10. effect n. 效果
11. combine v. 合并
12. unforgettable adj. 不會忘記的
13. advance v. 前進
14. seize v. 抓住
15. struggle v. 奮斗
16. fear v. & n. 害怕
17. strike v. 敲打
18. destroy v. 毀掉
19. publish v. 出版
20. naughty adj. 調(diào)皮的
☆重點短語☆
1. get away from 逃離
2. watch / look out 注意，當(dāng)心
3. go for a hike / go hiking 去徒步旅游
4. as with 正如……一樣
5. see off 為某人送行
6. on the other hand 在另一方面
7. take care of 照顧
8. get close / near to 接近，湊近
9. tree after tree 一棵又一棵的樹
10. as wall as 也，和……一樣(好)
11. protect…from 保護……不受……的傷害
12. be surprised at 因……而吃驚
13. be caught / trapped / struck in 被……困住
14. take place 發(fā)生
15. go through 通過，經(jīng)過；經(jīng)歷(痛苦的事)
16. be upon 臨近，逼近
17. hold on to 緊緊抓住
18. refer to 提到，說到；查詢(信息)
19. look into 注視……的內(nèi)部；檢查，調(diào)查
20. for fear of (doing) sth. 惟恐……
☆短語闖關(guān)☆
下列短語都是這兩個單元學(xué)過的重要短語，請你根據(jù)漢語在橫線上填入一個正確的詞，每個詞4分，80分才能過關(guān)，你一定能過關(guān)．做好了闖關(guān)的準(zhǔn)備嗎?那么我們就開始吧?
l. get ____ from 逃離 away
2. watch ____ 注意，當(dāng)心 out
3. protect sb / sth ____ 保護／保衛(wèi)某人(某事物) from
4. see sb ____ 到火車站、飛機場等某處為某人送行 off
5. on the other ____ 另一方面 hand
6. as ____ as也，還，而且 well
7. ____ place發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生 take
8. ____ fire失火 on
9. pull sb ____ 把……往上拽 up
10. get ____ one's feet站立起來；站起身來 on
11. go ____ 通過，經(jīng)受。仔細檢查 through
12. ____ holiday在度假 on
13. travel ____ 旅行社代理人 agent
14. be ____ 逼近，臨近 upon
15. ____ exercise 進行體育鍛煉 take
16. ____ "Hi" to sb for / from sb 代某人向某人問候 say
17. come ____ with提出 up
18. go ____ a hike 去遠足 for
19. be caught ____ 受困于……，陷于…… in
20. ____ a second 馬上，一會兒 in
21. look ____ 往……里面看，調(diào)查 into
22. refer ____ 提到．涉及；參考 to
23. hold ____ 抓住，握住 onto
24. sweep ____ 沖走，刮走 away
25. sweep ____ 沖倒，吹倒 down
☆交際用語☆
1. Where would you prefer going...?
2. How would you like to go to...?
3. Have a nice / pleasant trip !
4. Well, I must be off.
5. It's all right．
6. I'm afraid.
7. Come on !
8. It scares me.
9. Don't worry.
10. First..., next..., then..., finally...
☆單詞聚焦☆
1. advance的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：advanced adj. 高等的．先進的，高深的
▲搭配：
�、� in advance 在前頭，預(yù)先，事先
�、� in advance of 在……前面；比……進步；超過
③ on the advance (物價)在上漲
【考例】It is said that Miss White had some difficulty in studying the ____ maths.
A. improved B. developed C. advanced D. increased
[考查目標(biāo)] 本題考查形容詞advanced與近義詞的區(qū)別。
[答案與解析]C “高等數(shù)學(xué)”的英譯是advanced maths，advanced意思是“先進的。高級的”。
2. before 的特殊用法
(1) He had run out of the room before I could stop him.我還沒來得及攔住他，他就跑出了屋子。
(2) Three weeks went by before We knew it. 三周過去了，我們才意識到。(或：時間不知不覺已過三周了。)
(3) It wasn't / didn't take long before he returned.他沒過多久就回來了。
It won't be long before we graduate. 不要過多久我們就要畢業(yè)了。
3. chance的用法
▲搭配：
�、� by any chance 萬一，碰巧，或許
② by chance 偶然，意外地
�、� take a / one's chance 冒一冒險，碰碰運氣，利用一下機會
【考例6】 (2005南京模擬)Most of the ___are in seasonal work, mainly connected with tourism and agriculture.
A. work B. luck C. chances D. services
[考查目標(biāo)] chance的詞義。
[答案與解析] C chance在本句的詞義是“機會”。
4. consider v.
(1) 考慮
A) consider + n. / doing
I consider going abroad.
B) consider + 疑問詞 + to do
You have to consider what to do next.
(2) 認(rèn)為
A) consider + n. (+as / to be) + n. / adj.
I consider Mary as / to be my best friend.
They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country.
B) consider + n. + to have done
I consider him to have acted disgracefully.
除了consider…as…表認(rèn)為外，還有regard…as
…，look on…as…，take…as…，think of…as…
5. cost的用法
▲ 構(gòu)詞：costly adj. 昂貴的，貴重的
▲ 搭配：
① cost sb. sth. 花費某人(多少錢)；讓某人付出(代價)／犧牲……
�、� at all costs 不惜任何代價．無論如何
③ at any cost 不惜任何代價，無論如何
�、� at cost (price) 按成本價格，按原價
�、� at the cost of 以……為代價，用……換來的；喪失；犧牲
【考例】They wondered how much this kind of car would ____ them.
A. pay B. spend C. cost D. waste
[考查目標(biāo)] 本題考查cost和它的幾個近義詞的區(qū)別。
[答案與解析] C cost的意思是“耗費”，主語是指物的
名詞．而pay和spend等的主語是指人的名詞。
6. effect n. 效果；作用
have an effect on sth.
His words had a great pushing effect on his students.
(1) be of no effect 無效
(2) come into effect 開始生效；開始實行
[比較] affect vt. 影響 The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.
7. experience的用法
▲構(gòu)詞: experienced adj. 有經(jīng)驗的，熟練的
▲搭配:
① by experience 憑經(jīng)驗；從經(jīng)驗中
�、� from experience 憑經(jīng)驗；從經(jīng)驗中
�、� gain experience in… 獲得……經(jīng)驗
�、� be experienced in… 某方面有經(jīng)驗
▲友情提示: experience這個詞作為可數(shù)名詞用時，解釋為“經(jīng)歷”，作為不可數(shù)名詞用時解釋為“經(jīng)驗”。
【考例】 (2005山西模擬) ____teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily formed.
A. Knowledge B. Teachers C. Experience D. Parents
[考查目標(biāo)] experience的意思。
[答案與解析] C experience常為不可數(shù)名詞，意思是“經(jīng)驗”。
8. fear n. & vt.
(1) n. 恐懼 (多作不可數(shù)名詞)
His face was growing pale with fear.
憂慮；擔(dān)心的事(可數(shù))
There is no reason for your fears.
for fear of 由于怕……，以防
He left an hour earlier for fear of missing his train.
for fear (that) 惟恐；怕的是；以防
She worried for fear that the child would be hurt.
in fear of 害怕；擔(dān)心
The thief was in fear of the police.
(2) v. 恐懼；害怕，接 n. / pron.
Cats fear big dogs.
恐懼；害怕，接to do
Don't fear to tell the truth.
恐怕；擔(dān)心，接從句
She feared that she might not find him in his room.
▲構(gòu)詞：fearful adj. 可怕的，嚴(yán)重的；懼怕的，膽怯的；擔(dān)心的，憂慮的 fearless adj. 不怕的，大膽的，勇敢的，無畏的
▲搭配：
�、� be in fear (of) (為……而)提心吊膽
�、� for fear of 因為怕；以免，怕的是
�、� for fear that-clause 生怕；為了防止(某事發(fā)生)
�、� have a fear that-clause 擔(dān)心／怕(發(fā)生某事)
⑤ with fear 嚇得，怕得
⑥ fear (vi.) for... 擔(dān)心／憂慮……
【考例】(2004江蘇)He got to the station early, ____ missing his train.
A. in case of B. instead of
C. for fear of D. in search
[考查目標(biāo)] fear構(gòu)成的短語的用法和意思。
[答案與解析]C for fear of 常在句中作狀語，意思是 “怕的是……。擔(dān)心……”。
9. fun n. 高興；樂趣；有趣的人或事
(1) for fun 為了高興；為著好玩
I only did it for fun.
(2) make fun of 開……的玩笑；取笑
It is wrong to make fun of a cripple.
[比較]
(1) laugh at 笑(某人)；嘲笑
It's unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble.
(2) play a joke on 開(某人的)玩笑
10. means n. 手段；辦法
(1) by means of 用……；依靠……
The water may be carried by means of a pipe.
(2) by all means 一定；務(wù)必；(表示同意)當(dāng)然可以，沒問題：務(wù)必，無論如何，千方百計地
Try by all / every means to persuade him to come.
(3) by no means 完全不是；一點也不；決不
This is by no means the first time you have been late.
還有： by this means 用這種方法； by any means 用一切可能的方法或手段
【考例】(MET 1991)Students sometimes support them- selves by ____ of evening job.
A. ways B. offers C. means D．helps
[考查目標(biāo)] by means of 短語的意思。
[答案與解析] C by means of 的意思是“通過某種手段”。
11. normal adj. 正常的；正規(guī)的
the normal temperature, normal behavior
(1) regular 規(guī)則的；有規(guī)律的
keep regular hours 生活有規(guī)律；按時作息
(2) common普通的；常見的
Tom is a common name in Britain. 共有的；共同的
have a common interest 有著共同愛好
(3) usual 慣常的；慣例的
It's usual with him to go to the office on foot.
(4) ordinary 平凡的；普通的 in ordinary dress
12. once的用法
▲ 搭配：
① all at once 突然；同時
�、� at once 立刻，馬上；同時
�、� (every) once in a while 偶爾，有時，間或
④ for this once (= for once，just for once) 就這一次； 破例一回
�、� more than once 不止一次，多次
�、� not once 一次也不
⑦ once again / more再一次
�、鄌nce and again一再，再三
�、� once or twice 一兩次；有時，偶爾
�、� once too often又(多了)一次
? once upon a time從前
【考例】(2004上海) ____ we have learned something, additional learning increases the length of time we will remember it.
A. Before B. Once C. Until D. Unless
[考查目標(biāo)] 連詞once的用法和詞義。
[答案與解析] B once在作連詞使用時意思是“一旦”。
13. prefer v. 寧愿；更喜歡
(1) prefer + n. / pron.
The boy preferred a detective story.
(2) prefer + v. -ing
Do you prefer living abroad?
(3) prefer + to do
She prefers to live among the working people.
(4) prefer sb. to do sth.
She preferred him to stay at home.
(5) prefer + n. / pron. / doing + to + n. / pron. / doing 喜歡……而不喜歡 I prefer the town to the country. / While he was in the office he preferred doing something to doing nothing.
(6) prefer to do...rather than do = would rather do ... than do... 寧愿……而不愿 I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.
(7) prefer + 從句(謂語動詞用should do，should可省略) She preferred that he should do it in the kitchen.
14. protect的用法
▲ 構(gòu)詞：protection n. 保護(者/物)，防御
▲ 搭配：protect sb from / against 防止……遭受……；使……免于，保護……使不受
【考例】 (MET 1992) Clarke was greatly admired at the club for the successful ____.
A. self-satisfaction B. self-protection
C. self-respect D. self-service
[考查目標(biāo)] protect及其派生詞的詞義。
[答案與解析]B self-protection是名詞，意思是“自我保護”。
15. separate的用法
▲ 構(gòu)詞：separation n. [U]分開，分離
▲ 搭配：
① separate A from B 把A和B分開
�、� A is separated from B by… A和B為……所分開／阻隔
�、� separate sth (up) into… 把……分成(幾分)
▲辨析：separate; divide; part 都含“分開”的意思。
separate 指“把原來在一起的人或物分開”。例如: Separate those two boys who are fighting, will you? (你)把那兩個打架的孩子拉開，好嗎?
divide 指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整體分成若干部分”。
part指“把密切相關(guān)的人或物分開”，還有“分手”之意。
【考例】(NMET 2001)As we joined the big crowd I got ____ from my friends.
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
[考查目標(biāo)] 動詞separate的詞義。
[答案與解析] A separated和get搭配有被動意義，表
示“被隔開；被分隔”。
[牛刀小試1]
用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：
(advance, means, cost, protect, fear, separate)
1. The teacher improved the students' English by ____ of dictation and recitation. (means)
2. All the goods ___me almost half a million dollars. (cost)
3. We must ____ the wild animals from the hunting. (protect)
4. Every baby should be ____ after he is horn. (separated)
5. None of them ____ death when the enemy came into the village. (feared)
6. There are too many people, so you should have bought a ticket in ____. (advance)
☆詞語比較☆
1. wear, put on, have on, dress, be in, try on
(1) wear v. 穿著；戴；蓄須(發(fā))；磨損；(臉容)呈現(xiàn)，顯出 He is wearing an overcoat today.
* wear out (把) 穿破；(把) 用壞；(使) 疲乏；(使) 耗盡I have worn out my shoes. / My patience wore (was worn) out.
(2) put on 穿上；戴上(側(cè)重穿著的動作)
Put on your sweater, otherwise you will feel cold.
(3) dress vt. 給……穿衣服 n. 衣服；連衣裙
dress sb. (in sth.) 或 be dressed (in sth.) 注意：穿的衣服接在in之后。Mother dressed her baby and then they went downstairs.
(4) have on 表示穿著的狀態(tài)，注意不能用進行時。
At the Spring Festival, all children have on new clothes.
(5) be in表示穿著的狀態(tài) There was a girl in red.
(6) try on 試穿 Mother was trying on a new dress.
2. strike, hit, beat
(1) hit vt.
�、� 打；敲；擊；擊中；射中 He hit a ball over the fence. / The stone hit him on the head.
② 使……受到打擊 The bad news hit every one hard.
(2) beat vt. & vi.
�、� 連續(xù)有節(jié)奏地打；敲
The rain heat against the window.
�、� (心)跳動 His heart had stopped beating.
�、� (鳥翼) 撲動
The bird beat its wings rapidly as it flew on.
�、� 打�。淮蜈A；取勝
Our champion can beat all runners in the country.
(3) strike vt. & vi.
�、� 打；敲；擊；砍；打中；擊中
He struck me with his fist.
The house was struck by lightning.
�、� 發(fā)起進攻；襲擊
He moved away as the animal struck.
③ 撞；觸(礁)
His head struck the table as he fell.
④ 擦(火柴)
I struck a match and held it to his cigarette.
�、� (某種想法) 忽然出現(xiàn)；忽然想起，相當(dāng)于occur to。
A happy thought struck her.
⑥ 給人深刻印象(常用于被動語態(tài))
I was struck by her beauty.
�、� 罷工 They are striking for higher pay.
⑧ (鐘)敲(響) We waited for the clock to strike six.
3. complete, finish
complete 可作形容詞，表示“徹底的；全面的”。
complete與finish表示“完成”時的區(qū)別。
(1) complete 作及物動詞，只接 n. 或 pron.，常用于完成預(yù)定的任務(wù)，工程建設(shè)等The railway is not completed yet.
(2) finish vi. / vt. 指完成，結(jié)束一件事情；可接 n. 或doing。如：finish one's homework / middle school / writing the book
☆短語歸納☆
1. cut down
(1) 砍倒 If you cut down all the trees you will rain the land.
(2) 減少；削減 I have decided to cut down my smoking.
2.含get的短語
① get back 回來，恢復(fù)，送回
�、� get off下來，動身，起飛 ③ get up 起床，站起來
�、� get on 上(車)
⑤ get on / along with 與某人相處．某事的進展
�、� get together 聚首，碰頭 ⑦ get away from 逃離
⑧ get on one's feet 站起來 ⑨ get down 下來
�、� get on well with 與……相處融洽
? get married 結(jié)婚 ? get to 到達
? get through 通過，接通
? get down to 開始著手做某事
? get across (使)通過 ? get(a)round 傳開，說服
? get in 進入。收獲 ? get out 出去，逃脫
[例句]How are you getting along with your business? 生意進展如何? / If you take Mary out for a drive you must promise to get her back for her music lesson. 如果你帶瑪麗去兜風(fēng)的話，你必須答應(yīng)帶她回來上音樂課。/ I can't get my boots off, for they are too tight. 我脫不掉靴子，它太緊了。/ We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time. 在圣誕期間我們盡量一年至少聚會一次。/ When one has business on hand it is hard to get away from home. 如果一個人手頭有事，離開家很難。
【考例】(2004遼寧) The final examination is coming up soon. It's time for us to ____ our studies．
A. get down to B. get out C. get back for D. get over
[考查目標(biāo)] 此題主要考查get短語。
[答案與解析]A get down to 意為“開始著手做某事”；get out 意為“離開，擺脫”；get back for 意為“回去拿”；get over意為“克服，渡過”。本句話意思是：期末考試就要到了，我們該開始學(xué)習(xí)了。
【考例】(NMET 1993)Readers can ____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.
A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through
[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查get短語。
[答案與解析]C get over 意為“痊愈，克服”；get in 意為“插話”；get along 意為“進展．繼續(xù)”；gel through 意為“接通。辦完”。本句話意思是：讀者不必準(zhǔn)確知道每個詞的意思就能繼續(xù)下去。
3. get away (from)
(1) 擺脫 Ways must be found to get away from poverty.
(2)走開；離開 She didn't get away until nine last night.
(3)逃走，使離開The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away.
(4)拿走 Get all thee party dishes away!
4. get close to
(1) close adj. 靠近；接近
The church is close to the shops.
親密；密切
Are you a close friend of theirs?
(2) close adv. 靠近；接近
He was standing close to the door.
(3) close v. 關(guān)上；關(guān)閉(不開發(fā))；結(jié)束
She closed her eyes. / Her eyes closed. (閉上)
(4 ) closely adv. 緊密地；仔細地；密切地
He got closely in touch with the magazines of today.
The little baby was closely looked after by her.
[比較]
(1) close 與 closely 作副詞時，close含具體之意，closely 含抽象之意。
(2) 類似的詞組有 high (高) -- highly (高度地)，deep (深深地) -- deeply (深入地)，wide (很開，寬) -- widely (廣 泛地)，low (低的)-- lowly (低賤的) (作形容詞)
5. hand in 交上去(給老師或上級)；交來(hand v.)
Each student has to hand in a composition once a week.
[比較]
(1) hand down 傳下來；傳給 Our father handed down these customs to us.
(2) hand on…to…傳給，傳遞They will hand the photograph to those who have not seen it.
(3) hand out 發(fā)給大家；散發(fā) The teacher handed out the books at the beginning of the lesson．
6. instead of 代替……
(1) instead of + n. / pron.
Give me the red one instead 0f the green one.
(2) instead of + doing
We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator.
(3) instead of + 介詞短語
He studies in the evening instead of during the day.
[比較]
(1) instead adv. 作為替代 (……而)，代替 If Harry is not well enough to go with you, take me instead.
(2) rather than 而不是，與其……寧愿 He ran rather than walked.
(3) in place of 代替，……而不用The Chinese use chopsticks in place of knives and forks.
7. 含take的短語
① take a picture 照相，拍照
② take a taxi / bus, etc. 打的(坐公交車等)
�、� take away 拿走，奪取，使離去
④ take care of 小心，照料，保管
�、� take off 脫，去掉，取消，起飛
�、� take out 拿出，帶……出去
�、� take one's place 就坐，坐某人的座位，代替某人的位置
�、� take place 發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生
⑨ take exercise 做運動
�、� take a seat 坐下
? take turns 輪流
? take an active part in 積極參加
? take a message 捎口信
? take on 從事，呈現(xiàn)
? take the place of 取代，代替
? take apart 拆開
? take down 拿下，記下
? take...for... 誤認(rèn)為……
? take in 吸收，接納
? take up 拿起．從事．占據(jù)
[例句] Father was convinced that Peter was unhappy at boarding school, and made arrangements to take him away. 父親確信彼得在寄宿學(xué)校不開心，決定把他帶走。/ Will you lake care of buying the wine for tonight's party? 你負責(zé)為今晚的晚會買酒水好嗎? / The boys got into the car and took off for the drug store. 男孩們進到車?yán)�，開車去了藥店。/ He took my place in the queue so that I could go and get something to eat. 他替我排好了隊，以便我能夠回
去弄點兒吃的。
8. used to
(1) used to do sth. 過去常常……(現(xiàn)在已不如此)
We used to grow beautiful roses.
注意：否定句和疑問句有兩種
You usedn’t to make that mistake.
She didn't use(d) to do it, did she?
You used to smoke a pipe, didn't you? / use(d) n't you?
(2) be / get / become used to + n. / doing 習(xí)慣于
I have always been used to hard work.
He got used to living in the country.
(3) be used to do 被用來做……
This knife is used to cut bread.
表示“過去常常……”時，used to與would區(qū)別：
(1) would 只強調(diào)“過去常常……”，used to 說明現(xiàn)在不是如此。
The old woman would sit there for hours doing nothing.
(2) would 只接行為動詞，used to 可接行為動詞和表狀態(tài)的詞。如：be, like, know, have。There used to be a temple at the foot of the mountain.
9. watch out 當(dāng)心；注意
You'll be cheated if you don't watch out.
(1) watch out for = look out for 提防；當(dāng)心
You must always watch out for the traffic here!
(2) watch over 照看；看守；負責(zé)
The mother bird is watching over her young.
10. 含“動詞 + out”短語
�、� come out 出來，出版，傳出
�、� go out 出去，熄滅，不時興
�、� look out 當(dāng)心，注意
�、� take out 拿出，取出，帶……出去
⑤ rush out 沖出去，匆忙大量生產(chǎn)
�、� try out 嘗試，試驗
�、� watch out 小心
⑧ wear out 穿破，用壞，(使)疲乏，消磨
�、� find out 找出，查出
�、� make out 填寫，完成．設(shè)法應(yīng)付
? get out 出去，逃離，泄露，公布
? pick out 看出，選出
? think out 想出
? give out 發(fā)出，筋疲力盡
? set out出發(fā)，陳述
[例句]Please go out and tell the children to make less noise. 請出去告訴孩子們不要吵鬧。/ These bicycles have been rushed out and not up to our usual standard. 這些自行車匆忙大量生產(chǎn)，沒有達到我們的正常標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。/ Watch out. The train is coming. 小心，火車來了。/ Your will wear out your patience in time, my friend. 朋友，最終我們會沒有耐心的。
【考例】(2005湖北) This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can ____ my father.
A. find out B. pick out
C. look out D. speak out
[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查out構(gòu)成的短語意思區(qū)別。
[答案與解析]B pick out意為“挑選，辨別出”；find out意為“找出．發(fā)現(xiàn)”；look out意為“留神，注意”： speak out意為“大聲說出”。
[牛刀小試2]
請根據(jù)句意，選用所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空：
(get away，take up，take on，think out，get down to)
1. -- Shall we set off right now? -- Sorry. I'm too busy to ____ for the moment. (get away)
2. The final examination is coming: you really must ____ your studies. (get down)
3. The manager doesn't have much free time as his work ____ nearly all his spare time. (takes up)
4. We also shared a number of qualities which we fell were in our favor when we ____ the task. (took on)
5. He might have ___his idea about the art exhibition much better, if he had planned what he wanted to say. (thought out)
☆句型歸納☆
1. You shouldn't go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket. 除非你會游泳，而且要一直穿著救生衣，否則就不應(yīng)該去做漂流運動。
該句中的unless引導(dǎo)狀語從句。例如：One can't learn a foreign language well unless he studies hard.
unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，一般可以與if...not...互換。還要注意unless引導(dǎo)的從句經(jīng)常可以省略。
【考例】(200l北京春招)The men will have to wait all day ____ the doctor works faster.
A. if B. unless C. whether D. that
[考查目標(biāo)]狀語從句。
[答案與解析]B 句子意思是“如果醫(yī)生不快點工作，
這些人將不得不等一整天。”應(yīng)該選unless。
2. Eco-travel is a way to find out what can be done to help animals and plants as well as people. 生態(tài)游可以找到既幫助別人．又幫助動植物的途徑。
該句中的as well as是連詞，連接兩個并列成分。例如: He can speak German as well as French.
常見的用法:
1. well是副詞，意思是“好，優(yōu)秀”，as well as是形容詞 同級比較結(jié)構(gòu)。
2. as well as是固定短語，意思是“和”，相當(dāng)于"not only … but also..."。
3. as well as連接兩個并列成分作主語時，句子的謂語動詞應(yīng)該與前面那個名詞或代詞的人稱或數(shù)保持一致。
4. as well as還可當(dāng)作復(fù)雜介詞用，意思是“除了……之外，還有”；相當(dāng)于"besides，apart from"。
5. as well，是副詞短語，意思是“也”，相當(dāng)于“too / also”常位于句尾，與too位置相當(dāng)。
6. may / might as well do sth 表示“還是……的好”。
【考例】(NMET 1994) John plays football ____, if not better than David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
[考查目標(biāo)] as well as連接比較狀語從句。
[答案與解析]B 該句中 if not better than相當(dāng)于插入語，起干擾作用，如果不予考慮，原句就變成了同級比較結(jié)構(gòu) "John plays football as well as David"。
3. Before she could move，she heard a loud noise. 她還沒有來得及動彈，就聽見很響的聲音。
However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her. 但還沒有回過身來，洪水便逼近了她。
該兩句中的before用作連詞，后接時間狀語從句。before用作連詞，接時間狀語從句時，表示“在……之前”。但在不同的語境中，往往有比較靈活的譯法。例如: He knocked me down before he saw me. 他差一點把我撞倒，才看到我。
【考例】(2005廣東) The American Civil War lasted four years the North won in the end.
A. after B. before C. when D. then
[考查目標(biāo)] 時間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞選擇。
[答案與解析]B before 表示“直到……”。
4. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep. 洪水想必深達三米，樹一棵接一棵地倒了，被洪水沖斷了。
該句中的must have been表示推測。例如：You look so tired. You must have stayed up last night.
情態(tài)動詞may，might，most．can，could常用來表示推測。may，might，must多用在肯定句中，can，could多用在否定句和疑問句中。may，might，must，can，could后接動詞原形表示對現(xiàn)在的推測；may，might，must，can，could后接have done。表示對過去的推測。例如：
You may be a professor. / She must have met a fairy.
【考例】(2005遼寧)This cake is very sweet. You ____ a lot of sugar in it.
A. should put B. could have put
C. might put D. must have put
[考查目標(biāo)] 情態(tài)動詞表示推測。
[答案與解析] D 前文說蛋糕很甜，由此可知一定是糖
放多了。對于過去的動作的推測應(yīng)使用have done的
結(jié)構(gòu)，所以應(yīng)在B、D之間做選擇，又因為could have
done表示本可以做而沒有做，所以選擇D。
5. ... she heard a loud noise，which grew to a terrible roar. ……她聽見了很響的聲音，接著就變成了可怕的隆隆轟鳴聲。
該句中的which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。例如：He bought some reference books, which were all about science. 他買了許多的參考資料．都是有關(guān)理科的。
which 作為關(guān)系代詞．既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。例如：The train which left for Beijing pulled in on time. 前往北京的火車按時進站了。His dog, which was now very old, became ill and died.他的狗，現(xiàn)在老了，生病死了。
【考例】(2005浙江) Jim passed the driving test, ____ surprised everybody in the office.
A. which B. that C. this D. it
[考查目標(biāo)]非限制性定語從句。
[答案與解析]A which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。指代
前面整個句子。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
☆句型詮釋☆
現(xiàn)在進行時的用法(is / am / are + doing)
1. 表示現(xiàn)在(說話的瞬間)正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。 Look! The monkey is climbing the banana tree.
2. 表示當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。(說話時動作不一定正在進行。) We are preparing for the meeting to be held next Friday now.
3. 表示說話人現(xiàn)在對主語的行為表示贊嘆、驚訝、厭惡等。(常與always, constantly, continually, all the time, forever 等副詞連用)，表反復(fù)的動作。He is always think- ing of others. (表贊許) She is always asking the same question. (表厭惡) You are always changing your mind. (表抱怨)
4. 表示在最近計劃或安排要進行的動作。常用于go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, stay 等表移動、方向的動詞。He is starting the work in a few minutes. / He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow morning.
[注意]
1. 不用進行時的詞有:
(1) 系動詞: feel, sound, smell, taste, look, appear, seem, remain, prove 等。
(2) 表結(jié)果的感官動詞: see, notice, hear 等。
(3) 非延續(xù)性的動詞，此動作開始即是結(jié)束：enter, accept, receive等。
(4) 表心理狀態(tài)，存在狀態(tài)，擁有的動詞：love, like, hate, care, dislike, respect, prefer, know, understand, forget, remember, believe, want, wish, hope, mind, agree, belong to, depend on, own, have等。
2. 用進行時的特殊詞有系動詞get, turn, grow, become, go, come, fall 等表由一種狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)入另一種狀態(tài)時，用進行時表示漸近。Today, many rivers that were polluted are getting cleaner and cleaner. 當(dāng)今，許多過去遭污染的河流又變得越來越清澈了。
[比較]
現(xiàn)在進行時表將來的用法與一般將來時的區(qū)別：
(1) 現(xiàn)在進行時表近期的，事先已經(jīng)計劃安排好的
-- How are you getting to the airport?
-- By taxi. Bob is coming with me to the airport.
(2) will do 和 shall do
�、� 表客觀將來。shall用于第一人稱，will用于第一、
二、三人稱。I will / shall finish middle school next month.
② 表有科學(xué)根據(jù)的預(yù)測。The weather report says it will rain tomorrow.
③ 表客觀必然。Man will make mistakes.
(3) be going to
�、� 表現(xiàn)在打算在近期或?qū)硪瞿呈�。I'm going to finish my homework tonight.
�、� 表根據(jù)已有跡象的預(yù)測。It's so dark outside, I think it's going to rain.
�、� be going to不與come, go連用，而用be coming, be going 形式。Mary is coming here this evening.
[注意]
表計劃、安排、規(guī)定要做的事，用“be + to do”。此外，表示按時刻表運行的動作常用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。The meeting is to be held at 9:00 a. m. / Our plane leaves at 6:00 a. m. .
[牛刀小試3]
1. ____ you call me to say you're not coming, I'll see you at the theatre. (2004 吉林)
A. Though B. Whether C. Until D. Unless
2. Now that you've got a chance, you ____ make full use of it. (NMET 1999)
A. had better to B. might as well
C. might as well as D. would rather
3. It was evening ____ we reached the little town of Winchester. (2004 天津)
A. that B. until C. since D. before
4. There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, ____? (2004 上海春招)
A. didn't they B. don't they
C. mustn't they D. haven't they
5. The result of the experiment was very good, ____ we hadn't expected. (2000 北京春招)
A. when B. that C. which D. what
DBDDC
☆交際速成☆
【考點1】Talking about intentions and plans. 談?wù)撘庠负痛蛩?(2004江蘇)
-- How long are you staying? -- I don't know. ____.
A. That's OK B. Never mind
C. It depends D. It doesn't matter
[答案與解析]C 本題考查具體語境下被詢問打算時的應(yīng)答。A項用于回答感謝和道歉，B、D兩項用于回答道歉，C 項表示“看情況而定”。
【歸納】英語中常見表達意愿和打算的用語有：
�、� I'll go with you.
�、� I'm going to see my head teacher this afternoon.
�、� I'd like to make a phone call to her after class.
④ I want / hope to find an English pen friend.
�、� I plan to go to Hangzhou this summer.
⑥ We are ready to move to a new house.
�、� Bill intends to spend his vocation in California.
�、� I'm thinking of driving to Beijing.
�、� Where would you prefer going...?
�、� How would you like to go to...?
? When are you going off to...?
? How are you going to...?
【考點2】Expressing good wishes祝愿
(2005廣東)
Tom: Mike, our team will play against the Rockets this weekend. I'm sure we will win.
Mike: ____!
A. Congratulations B. Cheers
C. Best wishes D. Good luck
[答案與解析]D 考查祝愿用語。在比賽前表示祝愿的話用Good luck。Congratulations用于成功之后的祝賀。Cheers意為“干杯”。Best wishes多用于書面語，表示“萬事如意”的意思。
【歸納】英語中常見表達祝愿的用語有：
�、� Have a good day / time!
�、� Have a good journey / trip!
�、� Good luck!
�、� Enjoy yourself!
�、� Best wishes to you!
�、� Happy New Year!
⑦ Happy birthday!
�、� Merry Christmas!
應(yīng)答語有：
�、� Thank you.
② You, too.
�、� The same to you.
【考點3】Describing emotions 描述人物的情感
(2001上海春招)
-- I'm afraid I can't finish the book within this week.
-- ____.
A. Please go ahead B. That's all right
C. Not at all D. Take your time
[答案與解析]D 本題考查時表示遺憾情感的應(yīng)答。A項表示“請吧，說吧”，用于回答許可或讓對方先行。B、C兩項是感謝或道歉的答語，D項表示“別著急，慢慢來”，符合語境。
【歸納】中學(xué)英語中描述人物情感的用語有：
�、� (恐懼) Help! / How terrible! / I'm afraid of... / I'm afraid to... / You scared me! / It scares me!
�、� (高興) (It's) well done! / How wonderful! / That's great! / I'm pleased to...
�、� (驚奇) Really! / Oh dear! / Is that so? / What a surprise! / How surprising!
④ (憂慮) What's wrong? / what's the matter? / Anything wrong? / What should we do?
�、� (安慰)There, there. / Don't be afraid. ／Don't worry. / It's (quite) all right. / It'll be OK / all right.
�、� (滿意) Good! / Well done! ／ Perfect! / That's fine. / That's better.
�、� (遺憾) I'm so sorry! / It's a great pity! / What a shame! / That's too bad!
�、� (同情) I'm so sorry! / I'm so sorry (about your illness). / I'm sorry to hear that.
�、� (憤怒) Damn! / How annoying!
�、� (鼓勵) Well done! / Come on! / Keep trying. / You can do it!
[牛刀小試4]
1. -- I'd like to take a week's holiday.
-- ____, we're too busy.
A. Don't worry B. Don't mention it
C. Forget it D. Pardon me
2. -- I was so sure that our experiment was going to succeed, but something went wrong at the last moment.
-- ____, but don't give it up.
A. Find out the reason B. Never mind
C. I'm sorry to hear that D. You don't 'mean that
3. -- I just heard that the tickets for tonight's show have been sold out. -- Oh no! ____.
A. I was looking forward to that B. It doesn't matter
C. I knew it already D. It's not at all interesting
4. -- We are going to travel to Italy. -- ____.
A. Good bye B. Go ahead
C. I like to go, too D. Have a good time
5. -- I'd rather have some tea, if you don't mind.
-- ____.
A. Thank you very much B. Yes, I like so
C. No, it's nothing D. Of course, anything you want
CCADD
☆精典題例☆
1. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (NMET 2002春上海)
A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut
【解析】選C 本題是在語境中考查現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。本句意為“雨林以這樣的速度被砍伐和焚燒，會導(dǎo)致它在不久的將來從地球上消失。”體會語境和句意便知此處選擇C項，表示現(xiàn)階段在進行的動作。
2. Twenty-three hours has passed after the explosion in the mine, but rescue efforts to recover the missing ____ carried out.
A. are still being B. have already been
C. are always D. will soon be
【解析】選A本句意為“礦井爆炸已過23小時了，但對失蹤人員的搜索還在進行中。”
3. -- When are you leaving? -- My plane ____ at 10:45.
A. takes off B. took off
C. is about to take off D. will take off
【解析】選A飛機是按時刻表運行的。
4. -- Excuse me, what time is it now?
-- Sorry, my watch ____. It ____ at the shop.
A. isn't working; is being repaired
B. doesn't work; is being repaired
C. isn't working; is repaired
D. doesn't work; is repaired
【解析】選B doesn't work說明“手表不工作”的狀態(tài)，而不只是現(xiàn)在才壞了。后句意為“手表正在商店里修理”，故應(yīng)用is being repaired。
5. John, who is considered ____ a warm-hearted man, is considering ____ his neighbor out of trouble.
A. to be; to help B. to be; helping
C. being; to help D. being; helping
【解析】選B be considered to be “被認(rèn)為是……”；consider doing “考慮做某事”。
6. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ____ it got worse.
A. until B. when C. before D. as
【解析】選C意思是“在事情還未變得更糟之前及
時糾正錯誤”。
7. -- There is something wrong with my bike.
-- It doesn't matter. I ____ lend you mine.
A. am to B. am going to C. was going to D. will
【解析】選D be to表示按計劃安排將來的動作，be going to 表示最近打算做某事，will 在此是情態(tài)動詞，表示“意志；意愿”。如：I will tell you all about it.
8. Children at the beginning of this century ____ a lot and ____ themselves greatly even without television.
A. used to read; enjoying B. used to read; enjoyed
C. were used to reading; enjoy
D. were used to read; enjoying
【解析】選B 前后時態(tài)要保持一致。
高一英語各單元知識點總結(jié)及重難點解析Unit5-6
☆重點句型☆
1. While still a student, she played roles in many plays.
連詞 + 名詞做時間狀語
2. When asked about the secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said… 連詞+過去分詞做時間狀語
3. When drinking to someone's health, you raise your glasses. 連詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞做時間狀語
4. It's a custom in China to have some tea before the meal is served. It 做形式主語
5. Many people like this film not just because..., but also
because... 并列連詞
6. Having good table manners means knowing...
動名詞做主賓語
☆重點詞匯☆
1. comment v. 評論
2. marry v. 結(jié)婚
3. create v. 創(chuàng)造
4. attack v. 進攻
5. cruelty n. 殘酷
6. escape v. 逃跑
7. advice n. 忠告；建議
8. afford v. 花得起(錢、時間)
9. encourage v. 鼓勵
10. research n. 研究
11. interrupt v. 打斷；打擾
12. apologize v. 道歉
13. pray v. 請求；祈禱
14. forgive v. 原諒；寬恕
15. match v. 相配；相適應(yīng)
16. manners n. 禮貌
17. impression n. 印象
18. live adj. & adv. 活的；直播的(地)
19. custom n. 習(xí)慣；風(fēng)俗
20. introduce vt. 介紹；引進
☆重點短語☆
1. take off 脫掉；起飛；成功
2. go wrong 出錯；出問題
3. can't help doing 情不自禁做某事
4. take one's place 代替某人
5. run after 追逐；追蹤
6. win a prize 獲獎
7. think highly of 贊揚……；對……高度評價
8. call for 需要；索取
9. in all 總共
10. play a role 扮演角色(作用)
11. make money 掙錢
12. win over 爭取過來
13. work on 從事，致力于
14. owe success to 把成功歸功于某人
15. start with 以……開始
16. run away from school逃學(xué)
17. on the air 正在播出的
18. do research 進行調(diào)查
19. speed up 加速
20. follow the fashion 追隨時尚
☆短語闖關(guān)☆
下列短語都是這兩個單元學(xué)過的重要短語，請你根據(jù)
漢語在橫線上填入一個正確的詞，每個詞4分，80分才
能過關(guān)。你一定能過關(guān)，做好了闖關(guān)的準(zhǔn)備嗎?那么我
們就開始吧?
l. ____ screen 銀幕，電影(業(yè))
2. take ____ 成功；成名；脫掉(衣服)；(飛機)起飛
3. ____ wrong 走錯路；誤入歧途；不對頭；出毛病
4. owe sth ____ sb 把……歸功于某人
5. ____ all 總共；總之
6. stay ____ 不在家，外出
7. ____ school 小學(xué)
8. lock sb ____ 將某人鎖于某處不得進出；將某人監(jiān)禁起來
9. run ____ 追趕
10. bring sb ____ 送回某人
11. ____ the air正在播出的
12. think highly ____ 對……高度評價
13. leave ____ 省去；遺漏；不考慮
14. stare ____ 盯著
15. make ____ about sb 以某人為笑柄
16. drink (a toast) ____ 為……祝酒；為……干杯
17. win ____ 戰(zhàn)勝
18. ____ comments on對……加以評論
19. look sb ____ 看望，拜訪某人
20. ____ a role in 在……中扮演角色；在……方面起作用
21. ____ a prize獲獎
22. to sb for (doing) sth因某事向某人道歉
23. make a good impression ____ 給……留下好印象
24. ____ silent 保持沉默
25. pay a visit ____ 拜訪
☆交際用語☆
1. What do you think has happened?
2. What do you know about…?
3. How do you like…? / What do you think of…? / What db you feel...?
4. May I interrupt you for a moment?
5. Excuse me / Forgive me for... / I apologize for…
6. I'm (very / so / terribly) sorry. It's all my fault.
7. That's all right. / That's OK. / No problem.
8. I wish you all the best.
9. I'm sorry. I didn't mean to...
10. Let's drink (a toast) to...!
☆單詞聚焦☆
1. afford
(1) (和can，could，be able to連用) 有 (時間、經(jīng)濟等) 條件(做某事) + to do
We can't afford to pay such a price.
afford + n. / pron. (出得起；買得起等)
They donot consider whether they can afford it or not.
(2) 經(jīng)得起 (做某事或發(fā)生某事) (多+to do)
He could not afford to lose his fortune entirely.
2. apologize的用法
▲ 構(gòu)詞：apology n. 辯解，道歉
▲ 搭配：
�、� apologize to sb for (doing) sth = make an apology的 sb for (doing) sth向某人為某事(為做了某事)道歉
�、� apologize for oneself 為自己辯解或辯護
【考例】[NMET 1993]The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather.
A. made B. said C. put D. passed
[考查目標(biāo)] apologize及其名詞的用法和搭配。
[答案與解析]A make an apology的意思是“道歉”。
3. choice的用法
▲搭配：
�、� make a choice 選擇
�、� make choice of 挑選，選擇，選定
③ make / take one's choice 任意挑選
�、� have no choice but to do sth 非……不可，除……之外別無他法
【考例】[MET 1993] We've missed the last bus, I'm afraid we have no ____ but to take a taxi.
A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection
[考查目標(biāo)] choice的意思和習(xí)慣搭配。
[答案與解析]B choice是choose的名詞形式．意思是
“選擇”，在本句中構(gòu)成固定搭配have no choice but to
do sth“不得不干……”。
4. determine的用法
▲ 構(gòu)詞：determination n. 決心，決斷，決意；決定，確定
▲ 搭配：
�、� determine to do sth 決定做某事
�、� determine on / upon (doing) sth 決定
③ a man of determination 有決斷力的人
▲ 辨析：decide；determine這兩個詞都有“決定”的意思。decide的含義是“不再遲疑不定”，而
determine含義是“把某件事確定下來”。
在be determined to do…這個固定的結(jié)構(gòu)中。過去分詞determined的詞義為“下定了決心”。
decide的名詞為decision，determine的名詞為determination。例如：At first，she decided to go to the police，…起初，她決定去找警察……
▲ 友情提示: decide后跟賓語從句時，其含義有時是“斷
定”。I decided that I must have taken a wrong turning somewhere. 我斷定我一定是在某處拐錯彎了。The determination of the meaning of a word is often difficult without a context. 脫離上下文來確定一個詞的含義常常是困難的。
注：在determine to do...，determine on (upon)... 和determine that...。(賓語從句)三個搭配中，determine的詞義和decide幾乎沒有多大差異。He determined / decided to learn medicine. 他決定學(xué)醫(yī)。
注：decide sb to do sth 決定使某人做某事What decided you to give up your job? 什么因素使你決定放棄你的工作?
【考例】[2001京皖春招] Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. For example, he must ____ the parts that are wrong.
A. check B. determine C. correct D. recover
[考查目標(biāo)]determine的用法。
[答案與解析]B determine和decide在一般情況下意思相同。
5. encourage的用法
▲ 構(gòu)詞：
�、� encouraging adj. 鼓勵的，給予希望的，振奮人心的。令人歡欣鼓舞的
�、� encouraged adj. 被激勵的，受到鼓舞的
�、� encouragement n. 鼓勵，激勵
④ discourage v. 使泄氣；勸阻
▲ 搭配：① encourage sb to do sth 鼓勵某人做某事 ② be encouraged by 受……鼓勵／鼓舞
【考例】 [2004北京]My advisor encouraged ___a summer course to improve my writing skills.
A. for me taking B. me taking
C. for me to take D. me to take
[考查目標(biāo)] encourage的用法。
[答案與解析]D encourage sb to do sth鼓勵某人干某事。句意為：我的導(dǎo)師鼓勵我參加一個夏季課程來提高我的寫作技巧。
6. escape (vi, vt ) escaped, escaping
(1) 逃走；跑掉 + from / out of = run away from
The soldier escaped from the enemy's prison.
(2)逃脫；逃避 + n. / doing
He narrowly escaped death / being killed.
There's no way to escape doing the work.
escape還可表示：
�、伲ㄒ后w等）漏出 gas escaping from the pipe 煤氣從管中漏出Water escaped rapidly from the drainpipe. 水從排水管中迅速流出。
�、� 避免escaped death 免于一死There is no escaping him. 怎么也避不開他。
�、� 疏忽，忽略 Nothing escaped his attention. 什么也逃不過他的注意。 You cannot expect that something may escape the teacher's attention. 你不要奢望有什么能逃過老師的注意。
escape n
① 逃走The thief made his escape. 小偷逃走了。
�、冢怏w）漏出，泄出；解悶She reads love stories as an escape. 她讀愛情小說解悶。
7. hunt的用法
▲ 構(gòu)詞：hunter n. 獵人，搜尋者
▲ 搭配：
�、� hunt for / after追獵；尋找，搜尋
�、� hunt out 找出；調(diào)查出
【考例】He wandered in the street, ____ a new jacket for his nephew.
A. hunting for B. waiting for
C. shooting for D. aiming for
[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查hunt for的意思。
[答案與解析]A hunt for原來是“獵取”的意思，引中為“搜尋，尋找”。
8. impression n. 印象
(1) impression (on sb.) (給某人)印象His speech made a strong impression on his audience.
(2) impression (of sth.) (對某事物)印象；想法That's my first impression of the new college.
(3) impress sb. with sth. 給予某人深刻印象 = impress sth. on sb. 使某人銘記 The teacher impressed on his students the importance of speaking. = The teacher impre- ssed his students with the importance of speaking.
9. interrupt的用法vt, vi
�、� 阻斷；中斷 Don't interrupt me. 別打斷我。Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm. 市內(nèi)交通被暴風(fēng)雪所阻斷。
�、� 打岔；插嘴 It is rude to interrupt. 打斷別人的話，是不禮貌的。 “Don't interrupt,” he said.“別插話, ”他說。
▲構(gòu)詞：
�、� interrupter n. 打岔者，打斷者
�、� interruption n. 打岔．打斷，使中斷的事物
【考例】[2005山西模擬] Be quiet! It's rude to ____ people when they are talking.
A. stop B. introduce C. prevent D. interrupt
[考查目標(biāo)] interrupt的詞義。
[答案與解析]D interrupt的意思是“打斷；使中斷”．
后接指人或指物的各種名詞。
10. marry
(1) vi. 結(jié)婚 He didn't marry until he was fifty.
(2) vt. 和……結(jié)婚 Jean is going to marry Hubert.
(3) vt. (父母)嫁(女兒) He married his daughter to a businessman.
(4) vt. (教士等) 為……主持結(jié)婚儀式 We've come to ask if you will marry them.
[比較]
(1) get married (to sb.) 強調(diào)動作
His oldest girl got married last month.
(2) be married (to sb.) 強調(diào)狀態(tài)
How long have you been married?
11. moment的用法 n.
�、� 片刻；瞬間 He will be here in a moment. 他一會兒就來。At the moment I am working. 此刻我正在工作。
�、� 時機；機遇；時宜 Choose your moment to visit him. 你選個合適的時機去拜訪他。
�、� 重要性 a matter of great moment
一件極重要的事情
▲搭配：
�、� at any moment 隨時；在任何時候；馬上
�、� at the last moment 在最后關(guān)頭
�、� at the moment 此刻；(正當(dāng))那時
④ every moment 時時刻刻
�、� for a moment 片刻
�、� in a moment 一會兒，不久；立即，馬上
�、� the moment(that)... 一……就……
【考例】[NMET 2004 II] "Can I? I don't think I can," Racy said with a laugh. "But I do have ____ when things come to me for no reason."
A. events B. chances C. feelings D. moments
[考查目標(biāo)] moment的詞義。
[答案與解析] D moment可以指“時刻”，在本句中用了復(fù)數(shù)，意思是“一些次”。
12. owe的用法owed, owing
▲ 搭配：
�、伲ǔＥcfor連用）欠，欠債I owe you for your help.我感謝你的幫助。(也可以是owe sth.或owe sb. sth) The food cost ￡4 , but I only paid ￡3 so I still owe ￡1. 食品要4英鎊，可我只付了3英鎊，因此我還欠1英鎊。I owe you an apology. 我該向你道歉。
☆ owe sb sth for sth 或 owe sth to sb for sth 為…欠某人…
�、� 對…負有義務(wù)；感恩；感激We owe our parents a lot. 我們十分感激父母。
③（常與to連用）歸功于；由于She owes her success to good luck. 她把成功歸功于幸運。The young writer owed his success to his teacher's encouragement. 年輕作家把自己的成功歸于他老師的鼓勵。
【考例】[2004湖北] "How much do I ____ you?" "Oh, no," Paul said.
A. Owe B. lend C. give D. offer
[考查目標(biāo)]考查owe的詞義和用法。
[答案與解析]A owe表示“欠”的時候是及物動詞，可以接雙賓語。
13. reason n. 原因；理由
(1) + to do sth. You haven't any reason to leave me.
(2) + for sth. / doing People must have a reason for saying such things.
(3) + 從句；從句用why / for which引導(dǎo) That is the reason why you should leave.
(4) for + reason，為了某種原因He is retiring for reasons of health.
[比較] cause“原因；起因”
the cause of the fire 火災(zāi)的起因(引起某種后果的起因)
the reason for being late 遲到的理由(做某件事的理由)
14. role
(1) (戲劇中的) 角色Oliver played (acted) the role / part of Hamlet.
(2) (現(xiàn)實生活中的) 身份；作用
What is your role on the Committee?
(3) play a...role in... = play a...part in在……中扮演……角色或作用The headmaster plays an important role / part in the good running of a school.
15. serve v.
(1) 為……服務(wù)／工作 A slave serves his master.
(2) 接待(顧客) The shop assistant is serving a customer.
(3) 侍候吃飯，端(菜)；供應(yīng)(飯菜) Lunch is served now.
(4) serve as 充任(某職務(wù))作……用 She served as a model for several painters. / This box will serve as / for a seat.
16. speed的用法
▲搭配：
�、� at a high speed 以很大的速度
�、� at full / top speed 用全速，開足馬力，盡力(快)地；
�、� with great / an speed 用全速，開足馬力
�、� speed up 加速，快點
【考例】We had tried our best but the boss still shouted, " ____!"
A. Speed up B. No hurry
C. Wait a minute D. Slow down
[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查speed及其構(gòu)成的短語的意思。
[答案與解析]A speed up意思是“加速，快點”的意思。
17. stare的用法 vi, vt -- stared, staring 凝視，注視
He stared at the word trying to remember what it meant. 他盯著這個單詞，努力想記起它的意思。
[習(xí)慣用語] stare one in the face 近在眼前；擺在眼前
▲辨析：gaze；stare；glare這組動詞的一般含義是“凝視”。
gaze表示“目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看”，并含有“驚嘆”、“羨慕”或“入迷”的意思。例如：She gazed at the carpet for some time, and then added, "You don't need bookcases at all." 她對地毯凝視了一會兒，然后補充說：“你根本不需要書柜。”
stare 特別表示“睜大眼睛凝視”，并含有“驚奇”、“傲慢” 或“茫然”的意思。例如：The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds. 那位貴族對那張空白紙凝視了幾秒鐘。
glare 表示“兇狠而且?guī)в型{性的瞪眼睛”的意思。例如：The trapped eagle glared at his captors. 被誘捕到的雄鷹兇狠地瞪著捕獲它的人。
【考例】[NMET 1999] ____ him and then try to copy what he does.
A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch
[考查目標(biāo)] stare 等近義詞辨別。
[答案與解析]D watch意思是“觀察”，是長時問關(guān)注；而stare at卻是“盯著”。含有驚奇、傲慢的感情色彩。
18. trouble
(1) 麻煩；煩惱；煩心的事 (可數(shù)，不可數(shù)) It is a pity to give you so much trouble. / Life is full of troubles.
(2) 困難；費事 (不可數(shù)) have trouble with sth. / have trouble (in) doing sth. (= difficulty) Did you have much trouble in finding the post office? / I hope you won't have any trouble with the work.
[相關(guān)短語]
(1) ask for trouble 自尋煩惱；自找麻煩 What made you write such a letter? It was asking for trouble.
(2) (be) in trouble 有煩事；有困難；出事；惹麻煩 He never came except when he was in trouble.
(3) put sb. to trouble 給某人造成麻煩；增添麻煩 I am sorry for putting you to so much trouble.
(4) take trouble to do sth. 費心做某事；費心 It was good of you to take the trouble to help us.
[牛刀小試1] 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：(speed，owe，encourage，decide，moment，apologize)
1. will never forget the ____ given by Mr. Wang, which helped me overcome a lot difficulty.
2. I have made a ___that every department in our company should buy a computer of this kind.
3. I recognized the man the ____ I saw him at the corner.
4. Since it was a bit later，we had to ____ up.
5. We must ____ our success to our parents and teachers.
6. The parents came from the far-away village, making an ____ for their naughty son.
☆詞語比較☆
1. win, beat, defeat 表示獲勝、取勝的詞語
(1) win v. 贏……，獲勝，接比賽或獎項 win a game / a prize / an honor / a race. / Our team won the game 8 to 7. / He won by five points. / He won her love at last. / He won the first place in the competition.
(2) beat + 對手，表打敗(尤指體育比賽) I can easily beat him at golf.
(3) defeat 表戰(zhàn)勝，接對手The enemy was defeated in the battle.
2. in the end, finally, at last
三者均可表示“(經(jīng)過周折、等待、耽誤)最后，終于”之意。不同的是：
finally 一般用在句中動詞前面，而 at last 與 in the end 的位置則較為靈活；
三者中at last 語氣最為強烈，且可單獨作為感嘆句使用。After putting it off three times, we finally managed to have a holiday in Dalian. / At last he knew the meaning of life. / At last! Where on earth have you been? / But in the end he gave in.
另外，finally還可用在列舉事項時，引出最后一個內(nèi)容，相當(dāng)于lastly。 Firstly, we should make a plan; secondly, we should carry it out; finally we should make a conclu- sion.
3. by sea, by the sea, in the sea, on the sea, at sea
(1) by sea “走海路，乘船”，用來表示交通方式，同 by ship 同義。 These heavy boxes should be sent by sea.
(2) by the sea “在海邊”，相當(dāng)于 by (at) the seaside。The children enjoyed themselves by the sea on Children's Day.
(3) in the sea “在海里，在海水中” There are many plants and animals in the sea.
(4) on the sea “在海面上”，“在海岸邊”。I want to live in a town with a beautiful position on the sea.
(5) at sea 在海上；在航海 When he woke up, the ship was at sea.
4. be afraid, be afraid to do sth., be afraid of (doing) sth.
(1) be afraid 意為“擔(dān)心，害怕”，多用于口語，常用來表示一種歉意，或遺憾，后可接 so 或 not，也可接 that 從句。I'm afraid (that) 其語意相當(dāng)于 I'm sorry, but...。
-- Are we on time? 我們準(zhǔn)時嗎? -- I'm afraid not. 恐怕不準(zhǔn)時。I'm afraid you'll get caught in the rain.
(2) be afraid to do sth 常表示“由于膽小而不敢做某事”。She is afraid to be here alone. / He is afraid to jump into the river from the bridge.
(3) be afraid of (doing) sth. 常表示“擔(dān)心或害怕某事(發(fā)生)”。I was afraid of hurting her feelings.
5. live, living, alive, lively
(1) live adj.
�、� 活的；活生生的；(只修飾生物；只作前置定語) The laboratory is doing experiments with several live monkeys.
�、� 實況直播的 (不是錄音)It wasn't a recorded show. It was live.
③ 帶電的；燃著的；可爆炸的 This is a live wire.
(2) living adj. 活著的，有生命的(作表語或定語) She was, he thought, the best living novelist in England. / The old man is still living. (或alive)
(3) alive adj. ① 活著的；② 有活力的；有生氣
作后置定語：Who's the greatest man alive?
作表語：Was the snake alive or dead? / My grandmother is more alive than a lot of young people.
作補語：Let's keep the fish alive.
(4) lively adj. 活潑的；有生氣的；活躍的(作表語或定語) The music is bright and lively.
6. take off, take down, take in, take on, take up
(1) take off
�、� (飛機)起飛 A helicopter is able to take off and land straight up or down.
② 脫下(衣裳等)；取下 He took off his wet shoes. / Who took the knob off the door?
③ 休假；請假；歇工 When his wife was sick he took off from work.
�、� (指觀念、產(chǎn)品) 大受歡迎；(事業(yè))突然發(fā)達，成功The new type of cell phones has really taken off. / His business began to take off when he was in his forties.
(2) take down
�、� 拿下來；取下來 He reached up to the third shelf of the bookcase and took down a dictionary.
�、� 記下來 He read out the names and his secretary took them down.
(3) take in
�、� 接受 (房客，客人等)；收留 The farmers took in the lost travelers for the night.
�、� 理解；領(lǐng)會；明白 The boys could not take in his meaning.
③包括；涉及 The study of physics takes in many different subjects.
�、苁股袭�(dāng)；欺騙We were completely taken in by her story.
(4) take on
① 接受；從事(某工作) After his father died, Bill took on the management of the factory.
② 雇用Is the supermarket taking on any more assis- tant?
�、� 具有(新面貌、意思等) The city has taken on a new look.
(5) take up
�、� 從事某項活動；發(fā)展某種愛好 So many young men want to take up writing.
�、� 開始做(某項工作)；開始學(xué)習(xí)(某個課程) Then she took up the task of getting the breakfast. / He dropped medicine and took up physics.
�、� 占去 (時間或空間) The meeting took up the whole morning. / The table takes up too much room.
④ 接受I'd like to take up your offer of a ride into town.
7. call for, call on, call up
(1) call for
① 來找(某人)；來取(某物) I'll call for you at your house.
�、谝�；需要Success in school calls for much hard work.
(2) call on
�、� call on / upon sb. 拜訪；去會(某人) I hope to call on you at your office at 3 o’clock today.
② call on / upon sb. to do sth. 請／叫某人做某事He called upon me to speak immediately.
�、� 號召；呼吁；要求 The President called on his people to serve the country.
(3) call up
�、� 給……打電話 (英 ring up) I tried to call you up last night, but no one answered the phone.
�、� 征召入役；調(diào)用 (后備部隊) Three boys in our street were called up last week.
8. too much, much too
(1) too much “太多”之意，可以作形容詞，修飾不可數(shù) 名詞，也可作副詞，修飾動詞。 There is too much rain here in spring. / She talked too much at the meeting.
(2) much too “簡直太，過于”，只能作副詞，用來修飾 形容詞或別的副詞，不能修飾動詞。This book is much too difficult for me. / The old man walks much too slowly.
9. custom, habit
(1) custom 指傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗、習(xí)俗，也可指生活習(xí)慣，后接不定式。They broke some of the old customs. / It is the custom in China to eat dumplings during the spring Festival.
(2) habit 指個人生活習(xí)慣。“(有)養(yǎng)成……習(xí)慣”常
用be in / fall into / get into / form / have the habit of doing sth. 句型；“戒掉……習(xí)慣”常用 give up / kick / break away from / get out of the habit of doing sth. 句型。It's easy to get into a bad habit but its hard to give it up. / The drug easily get one into the habit of smoking.
10. arise, rise, raise
raise vt.“使……上升；升起；提高”等；
rise vi.“上升；升起”；
arise vi.“站起來(stand up)”，“起床(get up)”，rise和arise用作站起，起床都屬正式用法；arise主要表示“出現(xiàn)、發(fā)生”等意思。She raised her voice in anger. (抬高) The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground. (刮起) The child rose from the ground and ran to his mother. (=The child raised himself from the ground and ran to his mother.) (爬起) She rises before it is light. (起床) Difficulties will arise as we do the work. (出現(xiàn))
☆短語歸納☆
1. can't help doing sth. 禁不住做某事，不由得不做某事
She couldn't hep smiling.
[比較]
(1) can't help but do 不得不……；不能不 When the streets are full of melting snow, you can't help but get your shoes wet.
(2) cannot but 不能不，只能He could not but feel disappointed.
[歸納]
(1) help (sb.) (to) do sth. Help me get him back to bed at once. / By helping them we are helping save ourselves.
(2) help...with sth. 幫助……做某事 In those days he used to help her mother with her gardening.
(3) help oneself / sb. to sth. 給自己 / 別人夾菜 / 拿煙
等；擅自拿用 May I help you to some more vegetables?
(4) help...in sth. 在……方面幫助某人 She offered to help Rose in the housekeeping when I am not here.
(5) help out 幫忙 (做事；克服困難等) I've often helped Bob out when he's been a bit short of money.
2. 含go的短語
�、� go around 到處走／跑．(疾病)流傳，(謠言)傳開；go after 追求；go ahead 說吧，請吧，做吧；go away 離開，出去
�、� go back 走網(wǎng)頭路，翻悔改變；go bad 變壞；go boating 去劃船
③ go fishing 去釣魚；go for a walk去 散步
④ go hiking 去徒步旅行；go home 回家
�、� go in for 喜愛，從事于；go into 進入，加入
�、� go mad 發(fā)瘋
�、� go off 離去，去世；go on 繼續(xù)，進展，依據(jù)；go on doing 繼續(xù)做；go out 出去，發(fā)出去，熄滅，不時興；go over 研究，檢查，搜查
�、� go shopping 去商店；go skating 去滑冰；go straight along 沿著；go swimming 去游泳
⑨ go through 通過，經(jīng)受，仔細檢查；go to bed 上床
�、� go up 上升
? go wrong 走錯路，誤入歧途
[例句] We'll go through the items one by one. 我們要逐條研究。She has gone back to her old habits. 她又回到了已往的習(xí)慣。Come on Sunday by yourself - we can go over the house together. 星期天你要過來．我們一起檢查一下房子。His speech went on for so long that people began to fall asleep. 他的演講持續(xù)很長時間，結(jié)果人們開始想睡。That expression has gone out. Nobody Uses it today. 那個短語已經(jīng)過時了，現(xiàn)在沒有人在用它。The young fellow hasn't realized that he has gone wrong. 這個年輕人還沒有意識到他已經(jīng)誤入歧途。Tired of going shopping with his wife，Mr. Liu pretended to have something important to do. 厭煩與妻子一起去購物，劉先生假裝有重要的事情要做。
【考例2】(2004北京) I don't ____ rock' n' roll. It's much too noisy for my taste.
A. go after B. go away with
C. go into D. go in for
[考查目標(biāo)] 此題主要考查四個動詞短語的意思。
[答案與解析]D go after 追求；go away with 帶走；go into進入，加入；go in for 喜愛，愛好。根據(jù)句子意思“搖滾音樂太嘈雜。不合乎我的口味．所以我不喜歡”。
【考例】(NMET 1998) Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ____.
A. be put up B. give in
C. be turned on D. go out
[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查四個短語的意思。
[答案與解析] D put up 掛起；give in 屈服；turn on 打開；go out 熄滅。本句話意思是“沒有人注意到賊溜進了屋子，因為燈碰巧熄滅了”。
3. go wrong
(1) 走錯路；弄錯方向
(2) 失��；不順利All our plans went wrong. / Everything went wrong in those days.
(3)發(fā)生故障 The clock went wrong.
[比較]表示“變?yōu)?rdquo;的系動詞
(1) go 表示由積極向消極方面變化Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. 又如：go mad / pale / blind / hungry
(2) become / get 表示由積極向消極或消極向積極方
面變化 The weather is getting quite warm. / Gradually he became silent.
(3) turn 多接表顏色的詞 This ink turns black when it dries. / He used to be a teacher till he turned writer.
注意：become a writer
(4) grow 側(cè)重變化過程 The sea is growing calm.
(5) fall 進入某種狀態(tài) All three children fell asleep.
4. owe...to... 受到恩惠；歸功于……
(1) 欠(錢)owe sb. money = owe money to sb.
I owe ￡50 to my tailor. = I owe my tailor ￡50.
(2) 得過(某人的)好處；欠(某人的)人情債
We owe a great deal to our parents and teachers.
(3) 應(yīng)當(dāng)給予 You owe me an apology.
(4) ……應(yīng)歸功于；……都虧得
We owe the general theory of relativity to Einstein.
[拓展]表示“由于”的詞組：owing to / because of / thanks to / due to / as a result of
5. take one's place
(1) 入座，站好位置，取得地位Take your places, please. We are about to start.
(2) take one's place = take the place of sb. 代替(職務(wù)或工作等)；接替Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in England.
[比較]
(1) in place (of)代替；……而不用The grown-ups had coffee but the children wanted milk in place of coffee.
(2) take one's seat 在自己座位上坐下；有時等于 take one's place：More men entered and took their seats.
6. think highly of 贊揚
表贊賞的詞有：
(1) think / speak highly / well / much...of: The people think very highly of him.
表認(rèn)為不好的詞有：
(2) think little / badly / poorly / nothing...of: Joan thought little of walking two miles to school.
7. 含“動詞 + away”的短語
① do away with 去掉
�、� get away 逃脫，(使)離開
�、� go away 離去，出去
�、� put away 放好，把……收拾起來，存(錢)以備它日之用
�、� run away 逃走，離開
�、� smooth away 去除，克服
�、� stay away (from) 不在家，外出
�、� take away 拿走，帶走，奪去，使離去
�、� throw away 扔掉．浪費．坐失(良機)
[例句]Don't throw away such a good chance. Or you'll regret. 不要放棄這么好的機會，不然的話，你會后悔
的。Put away the tools before you leave. 離開前把工具收拾好。Why did you stay away from school? 你為什么不去上學(xué)? I had hoped to take a good holiday this year but I wasn't able to get away. 我本打算今年好好去度假，但是我離不開。
【考例】(2004重慶)Before the war broke out, many
people ____ in safe places possessions they could
not take with them．
A. threw away B. put away
C. gave away D. carried away
[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查“動詞+away”四個短語的意思。
[答案與解析]B throw away 扔掉；put way 放好，把
……收拾起來；give away 分發(fā)．泄露；carry away 沖
走。本句話意思是“在戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)以前，許多人把他們不
能帶走的財產(chǎn)藏在了安全的地方”。
8. 含“動詞 + off”的短語
�、� drop off 放下，下車
�、� fall off (從……)掉下來
�、� get off (從……)下來，動身，起飛，脫下來
�、� give off 發(fā)出，放出
�、� jump off 跳離
�、� put off 推遲，延期
�、� set off 出發(fā)，引起，啟程
⑧ see sb off 為某人送行，為……送行
�、� switch off 關(guān)掉
�、� take off 脫，去掉，起飛，匆匆離開，成名
? throw off 匆忙脫掉
? turn off 關(guān)掉，避開，拐彎
[例句]The electricity supply must be turned off at the mains before you change the lighting circuit. 在改變火線前，主干線的電力供應(yīng)必須切斷。 Mrs Garey as usual went to the door to see him off. Garey夫人像通常一樣把他送到門口。He had to put off an appointment with me on account of illness. 因為疾病的緣故，他不得不推遲了與我的約會。Before the body of the car can be properly repaired, all the external fittings must be taken off. 車身適當(dāng)修理前，所有外部的配件必須拿下來。The fire doesn't seem to be giving off much heat. 這爐火好像不大熱。
【考例】(2005廣東) John is leaving for London tomorrow and I will ____ him ____ at the airport.
A. send...away B. leave...off
C. see...off D. show...around
[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查短語see off的用法。
[答案與解析]C see off 意為“給某人送行”；send away意為“派遣”；leave off意為“停止，不再穿”；show around意為“帶領(lǐng)某人參觀”。
[牛刀小試2]
在下列句子的空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞。
1. My grandmother had put ____ over$50,000 when she was sixty—five years old.
2. His mother had thought it would be good for his charac- ter to get ____ home and earn some money on his own.
3. The market was filled ____ salted fish, giving the worst smell that you can imagine.
4. -- What do you think the contest? -- I was told that the English Speech Contest went ____ successfully last night.
5. If you had gone ____ your test paper carefully before handing it in you would have made fewer mistakes.
☆句型詮釋☆
1. The reason why he could not go there was that his grades were too low. 他沒能上電影學(xué)院是因為他的分?jǐn)?shù)太低了。
該句巾的why引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，而that引導(dǎo)表語從句。
1. 句中that引導(dǎo)的表語從句說明主語reason的具體內(nèi)容，往往被看作是固定句型：The reason is / was that clause. 當(dāng)主語是reason / cause時，一般不能用because或why引導(dǎo)表語從句，以免造成語意重復(fù)。當(dāng)主語是This / That時，可以由because / why引導(dǎo)表語從句。例如：One reason is that people traveled to America from all European countries.
【考例】(NMET 1999)
-- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-- Is that ____ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
[考查目標(biāo)] 表語從句。
[答案與解析]A 句子的意思是“那就是你請了幾天假的原因嗎?”因此可知答案為why。
2. why在句中是關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞reason，同時它在定語從句中作狀語，此時why = for which，但要注意：關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語時，要用關(guān)系代詞that或which。
【考例】(2002上海春招)Is this the reason ____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
[考查目標(biāo)]定語從句。
[答案與解析]A what，how不能引導(dǎo)定語從句，排除B、C兩項；the reason在定語從句中作explained的賓語，可填that / which，或者也可以省略。
2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark. 好多看過這個片子的人一想起片中鯊魚食人的場面．就不敢下海游泳了。
該句是一個復(fù)雜長句，從when到句子末尾是狀語從句，在從句中包含一個由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞scenes; 在前面的主句里面。包含一個由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞people。例如：Those who want to go camping next Sunday sign your name here before class is over.
定語從句關(guān)系詞的選擇，要遵循“瞻前顧后”的原則，所謂“瞻前”即看前面的先行詞指人還是指物；“顧后”即后面的定語從句，看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作什么成分。例如：This is the factory where he works. (狀語) / This is the factory (that / which) he visited. (賓語)
【考例】(NMET 1992)In the dark street，there wasn't a single person ____ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
[考查目標(biāo)]定語從句。
[答案與解析]D “turn to sb for help”為固定短語，意思是“向某人求助”，所以選to whom。
3. When asked about the secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children. 當(dāng)有人問起他成功的秘訣時。史蒂文?斯皮爾伯格說起他的成功和幸福主要來自于妻子和孩子。
該句中的 "when" 是時間狀語從句的省略形式。在狀語從句中，如果從句主語與主句主語一致或從句主語是it，而且從句謂語動詞是be或包含be時，常常將從句主語與be省略。例如：Although born in Chicago, the author is famous for his stories about New York.
【考例】 (2003上海春招) Unless ___to speak，you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited B. inviting
C. being invited D. having invited
[考查目標(biāo)]狀語從句的省略現(xiàn)象。
[答案與解析]A unless為連詞，后面省略了you are，所以選invited。
4. Having good table manners means knowing, for example, how to use knives and forks, when to drink a toast and how to behave at the table. 在餐桌上，懂禮節(jié)意味著你知道如何使用刀叉，何時祝酒以及如何在用餐時舉止得體。
該句中having good manners為v-ing形式作主語。例如：Collecting stamps is one of his hobbies.
▲友情提示：在v -ing 形式前加形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格，構(gòu)成v -ing復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作主語、賓語。
【考例5】(2001上海)Fishing is his favorite hobby, and ____.
A. he'd like to collect coins as well
B. he feels like collecting coins, too
C. to collect coins is also his hobby
D. collecting coins gives him great pleasure
[考查目標(biāo)]v -ing 作主語。
[答案與解析]D A、B、C三項句法都無錯誤，但在and連接的并列句中，兩個簡單句的主語要保持一致的形式 fishing and collecting coins分別做兩個簡單句的主語。
5. It's polite to finish eating everything on your plate, so don't take more food than you need. 餐盤里的東西要吃光才禮貌，所以不要多拿。
該句中的it為形式主語，真正的主語為to finish eating …例如：It's not right to tell lies. 撒謊是不對的。
it作為形式主語，真正的主語是動詞不定式短語。常見的句型有：
1. It + be + adj. + to do sth 2. It + be + n. + to do sth
3. It + be + PP. to do sth
【考例】(2001上海) In fact ____ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
A. this B. that C. there D. it
[考查目標(biāo)] 形式主語。
[答案與解析]D 只有it才可以作形式主語。
【句型歸納】
1. When / While / Though / Unless / If + n. / adj. / 現(xiàn)在分詞／過去分詞……
狀語從句有些成分有時可省略，一般是主語和be省略；有時it和be可以省略： He made no answer when (he is) spoken to. /Though (he was) born in Chicago, the author is most famous for his stories about New York. / Come back early if (it is) possible.
[注意]用法詳見Chapter 10語法活用“省略和插入語”。
2. Not only / just…but (also) 連接相同的句子成分
Not only the teacher but all the students are going to visit the Science Museum. (連接主語時根據(jù)就近原則) / They not only sang but (also) danced for a whole night. / Many people go to see this film not just because the film is interesting, but also the leading actors and actresses are all world famous. / Not only do we learn for our country, but we'll work for her in the future. (連接句子時，not only后的句子要部分倒裝)
[牛刀小試3]
1. The reason ____ you failed, I think, was ____ you had turned a deaf ear to your mother's advice.
A. that; because B. why; because
C. why; that D. for that; that
2. The English play ____ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success. (2004 全國卷I)
A. for which B. at which
C. in which D. on which
3. When ____, the museum will be open to the public next year. (2002 上海春招)
A. completed B. completing
C. being completed D. to be completed
4. ____ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. (2003 上海)
A. The president will attend
B. The president to attend
C. The president attend
D. The president's attending
5. I don't think ____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. (NMET 1990)
A. this B. that C. its D. it
【交際速成】
1. Giving opinions and Making comments 詢問看法與作出評價
(2003北京西城)
-- How do you find the talk given by Mr．Smith? -- ____.
A. Very well B. Excited C. Boring D. Not at an
[答案與解析]C 本題考查對事物提出看法或作出評價的用語。A、B兩項詞法錯誤，若改為Very good或Exciting，就可回答提問了。D項不合語境。此句完整為：(It's) Boring.
【歸納】英語中詢問看法的用語有：
�、� How do you like / find...?
�、� What do you think of / about...?
③ What do you feel about...?
2. Describing sequences按次序描述事件發(fā)生的過程
Mother first did some washing and then did some cooking, ____ she had a rest.
A. finally B. in the end
C. by the end D. at last
[答案與解析] A 本題考查如何描述事情發(fā)生的順序。finally 用于在列舉一系列內(nèi)容之后。要引出最后一項內(nèi)容的場合；也可與at last互換，表示所盼望的事遲遲到來。in the end強調(diào)結(jié)果。有時可與口at last意義相同。
【歸納】英語中常見描述事件發(fā)生次序的用語有：
�、� First,.... Next,....Then.... Finally, ....例如:
First, we went to Leshan. Next, we climbed Mount Emei. Then we played with some moneys. Finally, towards evening we were on the way back to Chengdu.
�、� What did you do next?
3. Thanks致謝
(2002北京) -- It's been a wonderful evening, Thank you very much. -- ____.
A. My pleasure B. I'm glad to hear that
C. No, thanks D. It's OK
[答案與解析]A 本題考查英語中如何表達感謝及應(yīng)答。My pleasure是回答感謝的客套話。
【歸納】英語中表達感謝的用語有：
�、� Thank you (very much).
② Thanks a lot.
�、� Thank you for your help.
�、� It's very kind / nice of you.
�、� Many thanks.
�、� I appreciate your help.
�、� I can never thank you enough.
�、� I'm extremely grateful to you.
應(yīng)答用語有：
�、� It's a pleasure.
�、� My pleasure.
�、� That's OK / all right.
�、� You're welcome.
⑤ Not at all.
�、� Don't mention it.
�、� No trouble at all (沒什么).
⑧ At your service (愿為你效勞).
�、� Think nothing of it.
[牛刀小試4]
1. -- Thank you ever so much for your help. -- ____.
A. Glad to hear that B. Not worth thanking
C. Think nothing of it D. You're too polite
2. -- How did you find your visit to the museum, Jane?
-- ____.
A. Oh, wonderful, indeed B. By taking a No. 3 bus
C. I went there alone
D. A classmate of mine showed me the way
3. -- ____ the articles of Times? -- I'm not sure. I glanced through them but I haven't formed an opinion yet.
A. How do you think of B. What did you like
C. How did you like D. What do you think of
4. -- Thank you very much for the meal. -- Not at all. ____.
A. I'm very glad to hear that B. I'm glad you could come
C. Make yourself at home D. With pleasure
☆精典題例☆
1. Generally speaking, ____ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (2003年上海)
A. when taking B. when taken
C. when to take D. when to be taken
【解析】選B take和drug是動賓關(guān)系，要用過去分詞作狀語�？煽醋魇莣hen it is taken的省略。
2. Unless ____ to speak，you should remain silent at the conference. (2003年春季上海)
A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited
【解析】選A you與invite是動賓關(guān)系，要用過去分
詞invited作狀語。
3. The research is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET 2002)
A. begins B. having begun
C. beginning D. begun
【解析】選D once begun 在句中作狀語；once這里是連詞，“一旦”。
4. ____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (2004年 湖北)
A. Compare B. When comparing
C. Comparing D. When compared
【解析】選D 相當(dāng)于when it is compared。
5. ____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. (2004年 上海)
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
【解析】選B not only...but also引導(dǎo)的并列句；以not only開頭的句子要部分倒裝。
6. ____, he used to helped his father on the farm.
A. When was a boy B. As he was a boy
C. As a boy D. During a boy
【解析】選C as在這里是連詞；as a boy = when (he was) a boy。
Unit 1
1. 詞組： add up add up to add… to… add to
calm… down
have got to
be concerned about / with
walk the dog
cheat … of
go through go ahead go by
set down set up set off set out
a series of
on purpose by accident/ chance
in order to so as to in order that so as that
at dusk at dawn at midnight at noon
face to face
no longer not … any longer
settle down
suffer from
recover from
get/ be tired of
make a list of list
pack… up
get along/ on with
fall in love
be grateful to sb. for sth.
join in take part in join attend
make sb/ sth + 賓語補足語
have something/ anything/ everything /nothing to do with
it’s because….. +原因
it’s why…. + 結(jié)果
dare + (to) do (實義動詞)
do (情態(tài)動詞)
a year and a half
it’s no pleasure+ doing sth
happen to do sth
have trouble with sb (in) doing sth
exactly
find it + adj. + to do sth
make friends with
swap … with
it is / was + 序數(shù)詞 + that + has done / had done ….
unit 2
詞組： because of
come up come up with come in come on come out
actually in fact as a matter of fact in reality
be based on
at present
make use of make full/ good use of
such as
play a part/ role in
recognize … as
more than one + 謂語用單數(shù)
at the end of in the end at an end
voyage tour travel journey
than ever before
even if / though
communicate with
those + 定語從句 用who
1600’s 1980s in + 物主代詞 + 數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù) in his forties
the former the latter
a number of the number of
make sense
usage VS use
believe it or not
there is no such + 名詞 （不加冠詞）
the way + in which / that /省略
especially specially
straight adj/ adv
unit 3
詞組： prefer to do , rather than do
would rather do , than do
would do , rather than do
fare VS fee
ever since
it’s is / has been + 時間段 + since 從句
graduate from/ in
be fond of
cut across cut up cut down
care about care for
determine to do sth = be determined to do sth
change one’s mind make up one’s mind
at an altitude of
give in give up give off give out give away
keep pace with
as usual
bend over
take the advantage of
persuade sb to do sth / into doing sth
not to do sth/ out of doing sth
advise sb to do sth try to persuade sb to do sth
although though
grow up
insist on
put up put down put off put on put away
can hardly wait to do sth
unit 4
詞組：right away at once immediately
burst into laughter/ tears
burst out doing sth
as if / though
in ruins
injure wound hurt
destroy damage
be trapped in
dig out
bury oneself in doing sth
rise raise arise
too… to
be away
it seems as if + 陳述語氣/ 虛擬語氣
act out
be pleased / willing/ glad to do sth
honor in honor of
be proud of
express my thanks to
unit 5
詞組： of high/ good quality
devote to + doing
found VS set up
in principle
in peace
out of work in work out of control in control
vote for vote against
be equal to
in trouble
turn to turn on / off turn up / down
lose heart lose one’s heart
escape from / + doing sth
come to power / in power
be sentenced to
in one’s opinion
fight for / against
blow up
dream of/ about
imagine doing sth
the first time for the first time
語法點
1. whether VS if 的用法
2. tell sb to do sth ask sb not to do sth
3. be + doing 表將來
4. 定語從句： 只用that 的情況
只用who 的情況
只用which的情況
as VS which
the same … as / that…
such… as
as … as
介詞+ which/ whom
which 引導(dǎo)一個句子的用法 非限制性定語從句
插入語 I think I believe I guess I thought
間隔式定語從句
Is this car the one he bought last year?
Is this the car he bought last year?
What 的用法
5. will be done
be about to be done
be to be done
be going to be done
6. has/ have been done
7. be being done 加always 表示一種厭煩等語氣
8. 強調(diào)句 it is + 被強調(diào)部分 + that 從句
It is not until + 時間 + that 從句
特殊疑問詞 + is it that 從句
9. 倒裝句 部分否定，含有否定詞的 hardly never little only seldom 等， 把情態(tài)動詞，be 動詞， 助動詞提到主語 的前面
10. as if , insist suggest request command ,從句用虛擬語氣， 用（should） do 。
