高考英語45個高頻詞的一詞多義和固定搭配
2018-12-31 21:04:54三好網(wǎng)
1. costThe ticket cost me ten dollars.（此句中cost用作及物動詞，意為“花費”，這是cost的常用法之一。）The cost of living is much higher now than it was two years ago. （此句中cost用作名詞，意為“價格，成本，費用”，這是它的常用法之二。）
cost除了以上用法外，還有其它用法。如：① Has this project been costed？ (cost用作及物動詞，意為“估價，估計成本”。)② I must get the book at all costs. (at all costs意為“無論如何，不惜任何代價”。)③ She saved him from drowning， but at the cost of her own life. (at the cost of sth.意為“以犧牲某事物為代價”。)
2. dealTeachers should deal fairly with their pupils. （此句中deal用作不及物動詞，常和with連用，意為“對待”，這是deal的常用法。）
deal還有其它用法。如：①She spent a good deal of money on new clothes. (a good deal of意為“很多，大量”后接不可數(shù)名詞。)②We tried to make sure everyone got a fair deal. (a fair deal意為“公平的待遇”。)③My bank deals in stocks and shares now. (deal in意為“經(jīng)營”。)④The teacher dealt out the test papers to the students. (deal out意為“分發(fā)”。)
3. interestinterest在教材中的意思為“興趣”和“使感興趣”，分別作名詞和動詞用。The money I borrowed from him was repaid with interest.What he did was just to protect his own interests.上面句子中的兩個interest都作名詞用。作“利息”講時，為不可數(shù)名詞；作“利益，好處”講時，多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。第一句可譯為“我向他借的那筆錢是帶息償還的。”；第二句可譯為“他所做的一切僅僅是為了保護(hù)他自己的利益。”
4. driveCan you drive a car？ (drive用作動詞，意思為“開車，駕駛”，是教材中的第一種用法。)Let’s go for a drive in the country. (drive用作名詞，意思為“驅(qū)車旅行”，是教材中的第二種用法。)
除了以上用法外， drive還有其它用法。如：①The workers carried on a drive for greater efficiency last month. (drive用作名詞，意思為“運動”。)②There are three buses parked on the drive. (drive用作名詞，意思為“車道”。)③Poverty drove the little boy to steal. (drive用作動詞，意思為“驅(qū)使”。)④I’m sure that I’ve driven my opinion home.(drive sth. home意思為“把……講透徹，使充分理解”。)⑤Please drive the dog away. (drive sb./sth. away意思為“把……趕跑”。)
5. join v.& n.What club do you want to join？（此句中的join是及物動詞，意為“加入，參加”，這是其最常見的用法。）
另外它還有其它用法。如：①The two rivers join at the bridge.(此句中的join是不及物動詞，意為“會合，聯(lián)合，相遇”。)②The two pieces were stuck together so well that we could hardly see the join.(此句中的join是名詞，意為“連接處，接縫”。)
6. dreamdream在教材中有兩種用法：用作動詞時意思為“做夢，夢到”；用作名詞時意思為“夢想，幻想”。
dream除了以上用法外，還有以下幾種用法。如：Her new dress is an absolute dream. (dream用作名詞，意思為“美麗或美好的人或事物”。)My aunt’s wedding ceremony went like a dream. (go like a dream是固定短語，意思為“非常順利，完美”。)
7. knowI’ve known David for 20 years.I hope we have taught our children to know right from wrong.The old man has known both poverty and wealth.know在教材中的意思為“知道，了解”，作動詞用。在上面的三個句子中， know都作動詞用，第一個know的意思為“認(rèn)識”；第二個know的意思為“區(qū)分”；第三個know的意思為“親身經(jīng)歷”。
8. failIf you don’t work hard， you may fail.（此句中fail意為“失�。徊患案�，沒有通過考試”。）
fail還有其它用法。如：① He never fails to write to his mother every week.(fail意為“忘記、忽視或未能做某事”。)② She has been failing in health.(fail in意為“(健康狀況)衰退”。)③ His friends failed him when he most needed them.(fail意為“使失望， 辜負(fù)”。)④ I had three passes and one fail.(fail用作名詞，意為“考試不及格”。)⑤ I’ll be there at two o’clock without fail.(without fail意為“肯定，一定，必定”。)
9. leadlead在教材中有兩種用法：用作動詞時意思為“引導(dǎo)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”；用作形容詞時意思為“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的，領(lǐng)先的，帶領(lǐng)的”。
除了教材中的用法外，lead還有以下幾種用法。如：Which road leads to the mountain？ (lead用作動詞，意思為“通向，通往”。)My grandmother is leading a quiet life in the countryside. (lead用作動詞，意思為“過某種生活”。)Not having a balanced diet can lead to health problems. (lead用作動詞，意思為“導(dǎo)致”。)Her brother took the lead in the high jump. (lead用作名詞，意思為“領(lǐng)先地位”。)In this new film， she is the lead. (lead用作名詞，意思為“主角”。)
10. fallThe leaves fall in autumn. （此句中fall用作動詞，意為“落下，下降”，這是其常用法。）
fall還有其它用法。如：①I had a fall and broke my arm. (fall用作名詞，意為“跌落，掉下，降落”。)②Our holiday plans fell through because of bad weather. (fall through 意為“落空，未能實現(xiàn)，成為泡影”。)③My car is falling apart. (fall apart意為“破裂，破碎，散架”。)④We fell about (laughing) when we heard the joke. (fall about意為“無法控制地大笑”。)⑤Sam， please fall back on old friends in time of need. (fall back on意為“求助于，退到”。)
11. lowThe sun is low in the sky. （此句中l(wèi)ow用作形容詞，意為“低的，矮的”，這是low的常用法。）
low還有其它用法。如：① She’s been feeling rather low since her illness. (low用作形容詞，意為“消沉的”。)② The simplest way to succeed in business is to buy low and sell high. (low用作副詞，意為“低價地，廉價地”。)③ The gas is running low. (run low意為“幾乎耗盡”。)
12. blindShe is blind in the left eye. （此句中blind用作形容詞，意為“瞎的，盲人的”，這是blind的常用法。）
blind還有其它用法。如：① The blinds were drawn to protect the new furniture from the sun. (blind用作名詞，意為“窗簾，遮光物”。)② The soldier was blinded in the explosion. (blind用作動詞，意為“使失明”。)③ This is a blind letter. (blind letter意為“因地址寫得不清而無法投寄的信件”。)④ He turned a blind eye to her mistakes. (turn a blind eye to意為“對……熟視無睹”。)⑤ He’s blind as a bat without his glasses. (blind as a bat意為“完全看不見東西的”。)
13. film大家都很熟悉film作名詞時有“電影”的意思。
除此之外film還有其它的意思。如：①I put a new roll of film in my camera. (film在此句中作名詞，意思為“膠卷，膠片”。)②It took them nearly a year to film this TV series. (film在此句中作動詞，意思為“拍攝”。)
14. landThe pilot landed the plane safely in the heavy snow. （此句中的land用作及物動詞，意為“使著陸”，這是land的常用法之一。）The journey to the far side of the island is quicker by land than by sea. （此句中的land用作名詞，意為“陸地，大地”，這是land的常用法之二。）
除了以上用法外，land還有其它用法。如：① Many farmers are leaving the land to work in industry. (the land意為“農(nóng)村，農(nóng)業(yè)”。)② The car will land you there in twenty minutes.(land用作動詞，意為“使到達(dá)，把……送到某地”。)③ He’s really landed himself in it this time. (land sb. / oneself in sth. 意為“使某人陷入困境”。)④ He wants to see how the land lies before taking any action.( how the land lies意為“事態(tài)，形勢，概況”。)
15. causeShe’s always causing trouble. （此句中cause用作及物動詞，意為“使發(fā)生，引起”，這是cause的常用法。）
cause還有其它用法。如：①Smoking is one of the causes of heart disease. (cause用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“原因，理由”。)②People fought for the cause of freedom and peace. (cause用作名詞，意為“事業(yè)，目標(biāo)”。)
16. fullThe theater is full， I’m afraid you’ll have to wait for the next show. （此句中full用作形容詞，意為“滿的，充滿的”，這是full的常用法。）
full還有其它用法。如：① Jack hit him full in the face. (full用作副詞，意為“直接地，精確地”。)② Use your abilities to the full. (to the full 意為“充分地，徹底地”。)③ He told me the story in full. (in full意為“全部地，全文地”。)
17. cleanWe must keep our hands clean. （此句中的clean用作形容詞，意為“干凈的，清潔的”，這是clean的常用法之一。）She is cleaning the blackboard. （此句中的clean用作動詞，意為“弄干凈，清潔”，這是clean的常用法之二。）
除了以上用法外，clean還有其它用法。如：① I clean forgot about it. (clean用作副詞，意為“徹底地，完全地，全部地”。)② The car needs a good clean. (clean用作名詞，意為“清潔過程，清掃”。)③ The government should come clean about its plans. (come clean意為“說出真相，全盤招供”。)④ We clean the machine down at the end of each day. (clean sth down 意為“擦洗干凈”。)⑤ The waiter hurried to clean up the pieces of the broken plates. (clean up意為“清理掉，收拾干凈”。)
18. holdhold在教材中的意思為“舉行；召集；主持”，作動詞用。The plane holds about 200 passengers.Who holds the world record for the high jump？（上面兩個句子中的hold還是動詞的用法，但意思發(fā)生了變化，分別為“容納”和“保持”。）
19. lightThis is a room with good light. (light用作名詞，意思為“光，光線”，是教材中的第一種用法。)It is so light that I can carry it easily. (light用作形容詞，意思為“輕的”，是教材中的第二種用法。)
light除了以上的常見用法外，還有下列幾種用法。如：①May I borrow your light？ (light用作名詞，意思為“火柴，打火機(jī)”。)②Since you’re not well， you’d better do some light housework. (light用作形容詞，意思為“輕松的，使人不疲勞的”。)③My brother bought a bottle of light beer in the shop. (light用作形容詞，意思為“低度酒的”。)④Wait a moment. I’ll light a candle. (light用作動詞，意思為“點燃”。)
20. homehome在教材中的第一個意思為“家”，作名詞和副詞用；第二個意思為“家庭的”，作形容詞用�！ lot of new homes are being built in the center of the town.The home team took the lead after 25 minutes.It’s time for home news.在上面的三個句子中，第一個home作名詞用，意思為“住宅，房子”；其余的兩個作形容詞用，意思分別為“主場的”和“國內(nèi)的”。
21. meanmean在教材中的意思為“意思是，打算”，作動詞用。這是我們大家都熟悉的意思。
除此之外mean還有其它的意思。如：①Mary has always been mean with money. (mean在此句中作形容詞，意思為“吝嗇的，小氣的”。)②Today the mean temperature is 10℃ in Shanghai. (mean在此句中作形容詞，僅用于名詞前，意思為“平均的”。)
22. mindWould you mind helping me？（ 此句中mind用作動詞，意為“介意，注意”，這是mind的常用法之一。）He has a mind for science. （此句中mind用作名詞，意為“頭腦，思維”，這是mind的常用法之二。）
mind除了以上用法外，還有其它用法。如：①You must be out of your mind if you think I’m going to lend you $50！ （be out of one’s mind意為“發(fā)狂，發(fā)瘋，精神不正常”。)②Keep your mind on the job！ （keep one’s mind on sth.意為“繼續(xù)專心于某事物”。)③Her way of speaking put me in mind of her mother. (put sb. in mind of sb. / sth.意為“使某人想到或想起某人 / 某事物”。)④—Who’s that letter from？—Never you mind. (never you mind意為“不關(guān)你的事”。)
23. missWe’ll miss you very much if you move. （此句中miss用作及物動詞，意為“想念，懷念，思念”，這是miss的常用法。）
miss還有其它用法。如：① After several misses he finally managed to hit the target. (miss用作名詞，意為“失誤，失敗，擊不中，回避”。)② The offer of a year aboard with all expenses paid seemed too good to miss. (too good to miss意為“很吸引人或很有利而無法拒絕或放棄”。)③ Bob will find out your secret — he doesn’t miss a trick！(not miss a trick意為“非常機(jī)警或警覺”。)
24. minuteThey only took fifteen minutes to finish that job. （此句中minute用作名詞，意為“分鐘；片刻；一會兒”。）
minute還有其它用法，如：①Your suggestion will be minuted. (minute用作動詞，意為“將某事載入備忘錄或會議記錄”。)②Her clothes are always right up to the minute. (up to the minute意為“最新的；時髦的”。)③The detective studied the fingerprints in the minutest detail. (minute用作形容詞，讀作/mai’nju：t/，意為“極詳細(xì)的；準(zhǔn)確的”。)
25. moveShe was too tired to move any further.（此句中move用作動詞，意為“移動；搬動；遷移；運行”。）
move還有其它用法，如：①He sat in the corner， watching my every move. (move用作名詞，意為“地點或位置的變動”。)②It’s getting dark. We’d better make a move. (make a move意為“出發(fā)；起程；動身”。)③The price of eggs moved ahead today.(move ahead 意為“有進(jìn)展；上漲”。)
26. richrich在教材中的意思為“富有的；富饒的”，作形容詞用。Do you like rich food？Her new coat is in rich red.上面句子中的兩個rich也作形容詞用，但是意思分別為“油膩的”和“(顏色)濃艷的”。第一句可譯為“你喜歡吃油膩的食物嗎？”；第二句可譯為“她的新大衣是艷紅色。”
27. presentpresent 在教材中的意思為“禮物”和“現(xiàn)在，目前”，作名詞用。There were 300 people present at the wedding party.We presented our English teacher with beautiful flowers.The cinema will present Perhaps Love on Saturday.You must present yourself well at an interview.上面句子中的四個present，第一個作形容詞用，意思為“出席的，到場的”；其余的三個都作動詞用，意思分別為“贈送”、“上演，演出”和“展示”。第一句可譯為“有三百人出席了婚禮”；第二句可譯為“我們把漂亮的花送給了英語老師”；第三句可譯為“星期六這個電影院將上演《如果愛》”；第四句可譯為“面試的時候你必須很好地展示自己”。
28. supportWe strongly support the peace process. （此句中support用作及物動詞，意為“支持”，這是support的常用法。）
support 還有其它用法。如：①We couldn’t win the match without their support. (support用作名詞，意為“幫助，支持”。)② The results support our original theory. (support用作及物動詞，意為“證實”。)
29. runrun在教材中的意思為“跑；奔跑”，作動詞用。My brother has no idea how to run a business.I’m afraid the color will run if I wash your new skirt.The discussion between the teachers and the students has run for two hours.He has run short of money.上面句子中的四個run都用作動詞，但是意思發(fā)生了變化，分別為“管理；經(jīng)營”、“掉色，退色”、“持續(xù)”和“用”。
30. pickOnly the best players were picked to play in this match. （此句中pick用作及物動詞，意為“挑選，選擇”，這是pick是常用法之一。）You should not pick any of the flowers in the park.（此句中pick用作及物動詞，意為“摘”，這是pick是常用法之二。）
pick還有其它用法。如：① She felt that her parents were picking on her. (pick on sb.意為“挑剔、批評或責(zé)怪”。)② She picked out a pink dress for her daughter. (pick out意為“挑選出”。)③He picked the watch up from the carpet.（pick up意為“撿起”。）
31. troubleWe are having trouble with our new car. （此句中trouble用作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“麻煩，煩惱，困難”，這是trouble的常用法。）
trouble還有其它用法。如：① I am sorry to trouble you. (trouble用作及物動詞，意為“麻煩，打擾”。)② He took a lot of trouble over this design. (trouble用作名詞，意為“工夫，力氣”。)
32. pullPull your chair near the table. （此句中pull用作及物動詞，意為“拉，拖”，這是pull的常用法。）
pull還有其它用法。如：① The tides(潮汐) depend on the pull of the moon. (pull用作名詞，意為“拉力，引力，磁力”。)② He was pulled up by the boss. (pull sb. up意為“糾正某人，訓(xùn)斥某人”。)
33. stayI’ll stay here till you come back.（此句中的stay是不及物動詞，意為“停留，呆”，這是其最常見的用法。）
stay除了此用法外，還有其它用法，如：① I made some friends during my stay in Beijing. (stay用作名詞，意為“逗留/停留的一段期間”。)② I don’t like you staying out so late. (stay out意為“不回家，呆在戶外”。)③ I stayed up very late last night. (stay up意為“不睡覺，熬夜”。)④ You stay out of it. It’s none of your business. (stay out of sth. 意為“不參與某事，不插手某事”。)
34. train在教材中用作名詞，意思為“火車，列車”。
train除了以上用法外，還有以下幾種用法。如：①I’ve trained my dog to fetch my slippers. (train用作動詞，意思為“培養(yǎng)，訓(xùn)練”。)②His telephone call interrupted my train of thought. (train of thought是固定短語，意思為“思路，思緒”。)③He trained his camera on the birds. (train sth. on / at sth. / sb. 意思為“用……對準(zhǔn)/瞄準(zhǔn)某事物或某人”。)
35. payHer parents paid for her to go to America. （此句中pay用作動詞，意為“付錢，支付”，這是pay的常用法之一。）What’s the pay like in your job？（此句中pay用作名詞，意為“工資，薪水”，這是pay的常用法之二。）
除了以上用法外， pay還有其它用法。如：① It doesn’t pay to get angry. (pay用作動詞，意為“有利，值得”。)② John has paid off all his debts. (pay off意為“付清，償清”。)③ I had to pay out $200 to get my car repaired！ (pay out 意為“付出巨款”。)
36. standShe was too weak to stand. (stand用作動詞，意思為“站立；站著”，是教材中的第一種用法。)I can’t stand him interrupting all the time. (stand用作動詞，意思為“忍受”，是教材中的第二種用法。)
除了上面的常見用法外，stand還有下列幾種用法。①Our school stands between the bookshop and the hospital. (stand用作動詞，意思為“位于某處”。)②The building stands about 40 meters high. (stand用作動詞，意思為“高度為，高達(dá)”。)③There are 400 seats in the west stand. (stand用作名詞，意思為“看臺，觀禮座”。)④He bought some bananas at the fruit stand. (stand用作名詞，意思為“貨攤，貨架”。)
37. termterm在教材中的意思為“學(xué)期”和“術(shù)語”，作名詞用。Tom’s father was made Mayor for a term of four years.People between 13 and 19 are termed teenagers.上面句子中的兩個term，第一個還作名詞用，意思為“期限”；第二個作動詞用，意思為“把……稱為/叫做”。第一句可譯為“湯姆的父親被選為市長，任期四年”；第二句可譯為“十三歲至十九歲之間的人被叫做青少年”。
38. questionThere is no question about his success.（此句中的question是名詞，意為“懷疑，疑問”，這是其最常見的用法。）
另外它還有其它的用法，如：①I’d like to question you on your views about the housing problem. (此句中的question作及物動詞，意為“問(某人)問題”。)②His success is out of question.(out of question意為“沒問題，辦得到的”。)③Watching the football match here seems to be out of the question.(out of the question意為“不可能的，辦不到的”。)
39. vegetablevegetable在教材中的意思為“蔬菜”和“植物”，作名詞用。The terrible accident turned him into a vegetable.Since losing his job my brother has felt like a vegetable.上面兩個句子中的vegetable還是名詞的用法，但意思發(fā)生了變化，分別為“植物人”和“生活單調(diào)乏味的人”。
40. raisePlease raise your hand if you agree with me.（此句中raise用作動詞，意為“舉起，使升高”。這是raise的常用法。）
raise還有其它用法。如：① They are raising funds for charity.(raise用作及物動詞，意為“籌集，募捐”。)② Lucy raised her eyebrows in surprise. (raise one’s eyebrows意為“揚起眉毛”，表示不贊同或驚訝。)③The workers are struggling for raising salaries.(raise用作及物動詞，意為“提高”。)④My uncle was raised in the USA.(raise用作及物動詞，意為“撫養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育”。)
41. subjectsubject在教材中的意思為“學(xué)科；科目”，作可數(shù)名詞用。Smokers are more subject to heart attacks than non-smokers.The football match may be put off subject to the weather.Peter always subjects his wife to his will.上面句子中的三個subject，前兩個作形容詞用，意思分別為“易遭受……的”和“取決于”；第三個作動詞用，意思為“使順從”。第一句可譯為“吸煙的人比不吸煙的人容易犯心臟病。”；第二句可譯為“受天氣的影響，足球比賽可能會推遲。”；第三句可譯為“彼得總是讓妻子順從他的意愿。”
42. wellwell在教材中有三種用法：用作副詞時意思為“好，對，滿意地”；用作形容詞時意思為“身體好的”；用作感嘆詞時意思為“喔，噢，唔”；用作名詞時意思為“井，水井”。
well除了以上用法外，還有以下幾種用法。如：①The boy is well able to look after himself. (well用作副詞，意思為“完全地，徹底地，全部地”。)②Her family is very well off. (well off是固定短語，意思為“有錢的，富裕的”。)③Tears were welling up in her eyes. (well用作動詞，意思為“流出，涌出”。)
43. room在教材中作可數(shù)名詞用時，意思為“房間”；作不可數(shù)名詞用時，意思為“空間”。It is important to give children room to think for themselves.She roomed with Mary in college for two years.room上面兩個句子中，第一個room作不可數(shù)名詞用，意思為“機(jī)會”；第二個room作動詞用，意思為“租房，合住”。
44. walkI walked to school this morning because my bike was broken. (walk用作動詞，意思為“步行”，是教材中的第一種用法。)The Browns enjoy walking by the lake after supper. (walk用作動詞，意思為“散步”，是教材中的第二種用法。)
walk除了以上的常見用法外，還有下列幾種用法。如：①My grandfather always walks his dog in the morning. (walk用作動詞，意思為“牽著動物走，溜”。)②My boyfriend walked me home last evening. (walk用作動詞，意思為“陪伴……走，護(hù)送……走”。)③My father has friends from all walks of life. (walk用作名詞，a walk of life為固定短語，意思為“行業(yè)，階層”。)
45. warmThe weather is a bit warmer today. (warm用作形容詞，意思為“溫暖的，暖和的”，是教材中的用法。)
除了上面的用法外，warm還有下列幾種用法。如：①My mother is a very warm person. (warm用作形容詞，意思為“熱心的，友好的”。)②I warmed myself at the fire. (warm用作動詞，意思為“使溫暖，使暖和”。)③Please warm up the milk. (warm用作動詞，意思為“使變熱，熱一熱”。)
