2025年高考英語單項選擇題答題技巧
2024-10-23 15:52:52網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理
一、命題原則
突出語境,強化語意,強調(diào)運用
二、單項選擇題命題特點
覆蓋面廣,重點突出
突出在語境中運用知識的考查
淡化語法結(jié)構(gòu),重視能力
三、英語單項選擇解題技巧
(一)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)
1.This is the main use that the scientists make______ natural resources.
A. in B. up of C. from D. of
有些試題的考本來十分簡單, 但命題者卻通過使用定語從句,或者將我們十分熟悉的固定詞組有意拆開,重新組合,使我們在結(jié)構(gòu)上產(chǎn)生錯覺。that the scientists make…是定語從句,關(guān)系代詞that是代表先行詞use的,將其置入定語從句中,就得到that the scientists make use..顯然是考查make use of 這一詞組。正確答案是D。
(二)找準關(guān)鍵詞語
2.It is______ any wonder that his friend doesn't like watching television much.
A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly
此題的關(guān)鍵詞是any, 因為any常用于疑問句、否定句或條件句中,而此句不是疑問句,也不是條件句,所以應(yīng)該是否定句。no本身就相當于not any,于是排除A。.因此,正確答案D(hardly=almost not)。
(三)補全省略成分
3.---What do you think made Mary so upset?
--- ______her new bike.
A. Lost B. As she lost C. Losing D. Because of losing
口語中會使用一些省略句,作題是若將被省略的成分補充完整,答案就會一目了然。此題將答句補全,就是Losing her new bike made Mary so upset。顯然,只能選C,用動名詞作主語。
(四)適當轉(zhuǎn)換句式
4.---Mr. Wang ,whom would you rather ______ the important meeting?
---Tom.
A. have attend B. have attended
C. having attend D. have to attend
有時將題干的句式轉(zhuǎn)換成自己更熟悉的句式,就很容易選出正確答案。如:將疑問句、強調(diào)句、感嘆句或倒裝句改為陳述句,將被動句改為主動句,將無序句調(diào)整為正常句。此題若將疑問句改為陳述句,就是I have Tom attend the important meeting。其中would rather 后必須跟動詞原形,have sb do sth.所以選A。
(五)注意標點符號
5.There are eight tips in Dr. Roger’s lecture on sleep, and one of them is:______ to bed early unless you think it is necessary.
A. doesn’t go B. not to go C. not going D. don’t go
標點有時對我們作題有提示的作用。此題很容易選B,認為是不定式做表語。其實冒號已經(jīng)表明后面是Dr.Roger講的原話,這原話應(yīng)當是個句子,只有選D才構(gòu)成一個否定的祈使句。
(六)刪除干擾部分
6.We agree to accept______ they thought was the best tourist guide.
A. whichever B. whoever C. whatever D. whomever
就是將起干擾作用的定語從句、介詞短語或插入語,如I think/ suppose/believe,do you think/ suppose/believe, you know,of course等刪除,從而更容易地選出正確答案。此題去掉插入語they thought ,可知賓語從句缺主語,又能與the best tourist guide 搭配的,只有答案B。
(七)利用對稱結(jié)構(gòu)
7.---English has a large vocabulary, hasn't it?
---Yes. ______ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known
就是在作題的過程中要善于利用and, but等并列連詞。若前面是個句子,后面也是個句子,反之亦然;若連接的是幾個動詞,這幾個動詞也必定是同一時態(tài)或同一形式。此題第二個and后面是個句子,所以前面也必定是一個句子,但是前面這個句子沒有主語,只能選用動詞原形,構(gòu)成一個祈使句,因此答案是A。
又如:On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, ______some bananas and visited her cousin.
A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy
(八)檢查有無謂語
8.He wrote five novels, two of ______translated into English.
A. it B. them C. which D. that
有時看似有兩個句子,于是就選連詞,正好掉進命題人設(shè)計的陷阱。事實上,有時貌似句子的“句子”卻沒有謂語,其中的動詞只是一個非謂語動詞(多為分詞)。此題很容易誤選C,以為后面是非限制性定語從句。事實上, translated是過去分詞,而不是謂語動詞,后面不是句子,無須連詞,所以答案是B。若在translated前加上were,were translated就是謂語,這時就 選連詞which。
(九)熟記固定搭配
9.Mr. Smith used to smoke ______ but he has given it up.
A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly
在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中注意積累一些常見的固定句式、動詞與副詞的搭配、名詞和形容詞的搭配等。因為指煙癮或酒癮很重,要用heavy或heavily ,因此答案是B。此外,雨雪下得“大”、煙霧“濃”、交通“擁擠”、波濤“洶涌”等,也用heavy。
(十)消除思維定勢
10.Everyone here will thank the firefighter for the things they have done to prevent fires______ the environment safer.
A. make B. to making C. to make D. from making
有些試題的題干,看上去好象就是固定搭配,我們高興地完成以后,結(jié)果卻做錯了。要從句子結(jié)構(gòu)上或者句子意思上分析,以免步入命題者設(shè)計的陷阱。此題容易誤選D,以為是考查prevent sb. /sth. from doing 這一固定搭配的。其實,“使環(huán)境更安全”是“他們?yōu)榉阑鹚龅墓ぷ?rdquo;的目的,所以用動詞不定式,選C。
(十一)查看有無連詞
11.If an excellent Chinese novel is translated into English, ______means many more people in the world can enjoy it.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
若經(jīng)查實,前后的確是兩個句子,就要看其中一個分句是否已經(jīng)用了連詞。若已經(jīng)用了連詞,一般不選連詞,若沒有用連詞,就一定要選連詞。此題已有連詞If,選D,若沒有If,就選B, which引導(dǎo)一個非限制性定語從句。
(十二)正確把握語境
12. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
有時孤立地看留空格的那個句子,好象多個答案都可以,但與上下句的意思聯(lián)系起來,就會發(fā)現(xiàn)問題。因此,做題時一定要把握語境。此題答案選A。B答案的意思是I don’t agree with anything 等于I agree with nothing.這就與前一分句的意思發(fā)生矛盾了。
(十三)識別相似句型
13. ______is known to everybody, light travels much faster than sound.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
14.______is known to everybody that light travels much faster than sound.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
15. _____ is known to everybody is that light travels much faster than sound.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
有的句型十分相似,若不仔細分辨,很容易出錯。13題選B,as引導(dǎo)一個非限定性定語從句,先行詞是后面整個句子。14題選A,it是形式主語, that引導(dǎo)主語從句;15題在that前加個is,則應(yīng)選D, what引導(dǎo)的是主語從句, that引導(dǎo)的是表語從句。
四、方法歸納
分析法:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)或語言習(xí)慣,使句子“合法”。
排除法:排除句子中某些附加成分, 使其簡單直接。
補全法:補全省略部分,連接思維序列中的斷點。
推斷法:根據(jù)上下文依據(jù),判斷空格所依據(jù)的信息。
還原法:通過轉(zhuǎn)換句型還原句子本來面目,以便理解句意。
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