125個(gè)易混淆的成人學(xué)位英語詞匯詳解
2009-03-12 16:53:41網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源
成人本科學(xué)位英語考試,除了《成人英語三級(jí)詞匯手冊》列出的詞之外,我們學(xué)習(xí)詞匯時(shí)還應(yīng)注意容易混淆的詞。英語中有些詞,詞形和讀音相近,但意義卻不同;有些同義詞,基本意義相同,但內(nèi)涵的意義有很大差異。我們必須在廣泛閱讀的基礎(chǔ)上,仔細(xì)觀察每一個(gè)詞在不同上下文中的含義和用法,從而學(xué)會(huì)正確使用它。
1.able, capable, competent
able為常用詞,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知識(shí)與時(shí)間等,一般下效率無關(guān),用作定語表示能力超出平均水平。如:A cat is able to see in the dark. (貓?jiān)诤诎抵心芸匆姈|西。)
capable 指滿足一般要求的能力,可以是表現(xiàn)出來的,也可是潛在的,搭配是be capable of +doing。用作定語,表示的能力沒有able表示的能力強(qiáng)。如:He is capable of running a mile in a minute. (他能在一分鐘內(nèi)跑完一英里。)He is a very capable doctor. (他是一位很好的大夫。)
competent 指“勝任”,“合格”,或受過專業(yè)技術(shù)等訓(xùn)練的,但不是超群的能力。如:A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. (醫(yī)生應(yīng)該能治多種病。)
2.aboard, abroad, board, broad
aboard 在船(或飛機(jī),車)上。如:I never went aboard a ship.
abroad 副詞,在國外或海外。如:He often goes abroad.
board 為動(dòng)詞,上(船,飛機(jī),車)。如:The passengers are boarding the plane now.
broad 為形容詞,寬廣的。如:He has very broad shoulders.
3.accept, receive
accept 接受,receive“接到”,“收到”。如:I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn’t accept it. (昨天我收到了一個(gè)請柬,但并沒有接受邀請。)
4.accident, incident, event
accident事故。如:a traffic accident (交通事故)
incident“附帶事件”,在政治上特指引起國際爭端或戰(zhàn)爭的事件,事變。
event “事件”,指特別重要的事件,通常是由以前的努力而產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,也指國家和社會(huì)的事件。
5. accomplish, complete, finish, achieve, attain
accomplish表成功,強(qiáng)調(diào)完成的結(jié)果而不是過程。如:Because of his hard word, things are accomplished. (由于他的努力,事情都已完成了。)
complete 表示積極的完成,更具體地指建筑、工程等的完成。如:Has he complete his novel yet? (他的小說寫完了嗎?)
finish 最常用,后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式,表示在一個(gè)活動(dòng)的連續(xù)過程中完成了最后的一步或階段。如:I’ll finish the job alone. (我要獨(dú)自完成這項(xiàng)工作。)
achieve 完成,實(shí)現(xiàn),強(qiáng)調(diào)通過努力而達(dá)到目的。如:You will achieve success if you work hard.
Attain達(dá)到,實(shí)現(xiàn),常用于一般人的能力不易達(dá)到的目的。如:Greater efforts are needed before we can attain our goals.
6.accurate, correct, exact, precise
accurate準(zhǔn)確的,精確的。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火車站的鐘應(yīng)該是準(zhǔn)確的。)
correct“正確的”,指符合一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或準(zhǔn)則,含有“無錯(cuò)誤的”意味。它的反義詞是incorrect, wrong.
exact“精確的”,“恰好的”,比“大體上正確”更進(jìn)一步,表“絲毫不差”。它的反義詞是inexact。
precise強(qiáng)調(diào)“精確”,“精密”。
7.accuse, charge, sue
accuse 指責(zé),指控,常與of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of carelessness.
charge 常與with搭配。如:The police charged the driver with reckless driving.
sue 常與for 搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house.
8.achieve, acquire, require, inquire
achieve(成功地)完成,實(shí)現(xiàn)。如:He will never achieve anything unless he works harder. (如他不努力工作,將會(huì)一事無成。)
acquire取得,獲得,學(xué)到。如:acquire knowledge (獲得知識(shí))
inquire打聽,詢問。如:inquire a person’s name(問一個(gè)人的姓名)
require需要。如:We require more help. (我們需要更多的幫助。)
9.act, action, deed
act 用作名詞時(shí),與action, deed均可表“行為”,“舉動(dòng)”。Act指時(shí)間較短的個(gè)人行動(dòng)或行為,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。如:The farmer caught the boys in the act of stealing his apples. (農(nóng)夫在孩子們正偷他的蘋果時(shí)把他們抓住了。) action較正式,往往指不止包含一個(gè)步驟,且持續(xù)時(shí)間較長的行為或行動(dòng),強(qiáng)調(diào)行為的過程。如:Actions are more important than words. (行動(dòng)比語言更重要。)
deed為正式用語,多指偉大的,顯著的,感人的行為。如:They thanked him for his good deeds. (他們感謝他做的好事。)
10.actual, true, real, genuine
actual 意為“實(shí)際的”,“現(xiàn)實(shí)的”,指所形容的事物在事實(shí)上已經(jīng)發(fā)生或存在,而不是僅在理論上可能發(fā)生或存在的。
true“真實(shí)的”,指與實(shí)際相符,而非虛假。
genuine “真的”,“非冒充的”,“貨真價(jià)實(shí)的”,強(qiáng)調(diào)正宗而非冒牌。
11.adequate, enough, sufficient
adequate 足夠的,指數(shù)量多,適合需要的數(shù)量。
enough足夠的,指數(shù)量多,足夠滿足某種目的或愿望。
sufficient同enough,?苫Q使用。但sufficient指數(shù)量多,足夠滿足某種需要,在口語中常用enough,在書面語中常用sufficient,在不易肯定時(shí)多用enough。Enough可放在被修飾名詞后,且可作副詞,sufficient則不可這么用。
12.admit, confess
兩者都表“承認(rèn)”。
admit指大膽地承認(rèn)以前試圖不論或推諉的壞事。如:John has admitted to breaking the window. (約翰已承認(rèn)打破了窗玻璃。)
Confess常指承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤,罪行等。如:The thief confessed his crime to the police. (小偷向警察承認(rèn)了罪行。)
13.advice,advise
advice勸告(名詞)。如:I want to give you some advice.
advise勸告(動(dòng)詞)。如:What do you advise me to do?
14.adopt, adapt
adopt (1)收養(yǎng)。如:Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. (他們自己沒有孩子,所以決定收養(yǎng)一個(gè)小女孩。)(2)采納,采用,通過。如:He adopted our suggestion.(他采納了我們的建議。)
adopt與adapt詞形相近,后者的意思是“使適合”,“改編”等。
15.advance, proceed, progress
均可表“前進(jìn)”。
advance表向一個(gè)特定的目的地,在一定的時(shí)間或空間內(nèi)穩(wěn)定地向前運(yùn)動(dòng)。如:Napoleon’s army advanced on Moscow. (拿破侖的軍隊(duì)向莫斯科挺進(jìn)。)
proceed強(qiáng)調(diào)從一處向另一處的運(yùn)動(dòng),常表停頓后繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。如:They proceeded from London to Paris. (他們從倫敦往巴黎前進(jìn)。)
peogress 多表自然過程,指生長,發(fā)展等穩(wěn)定地或循環(huán)往復(fù)地前進(jìn)。如:The year is progressing, it will soon be summer. (光陰似箭,很快又是夏天了。)