125個(gè)易混淆的成人學(xué)位英語(yǔ)詞匯詳解(8)
2009-03-12 16:53:41網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源
106.preserve, conserve, reserve
preserve堅(jiān)持,后面常接介詞in。如:The ship is equipped with special refrigerating devices to preserve food for the whole voyage.(船上設(shè)有特殊冷藏設(shè)備,在整個(gè)航程中保存食物。)
conserve保存,儲(chǔ)藏,強(qiáng)調(diào)采取措施精心保護(hù)某物,防止不必要的浪費(fèi),損失或變化。如:He is conserving his energy for the last twenty-meter dash.(他正在為最后20米沖刺保存實(shí)力。)
reserve留存(在資金,人力,原料等),保留(權(quán)力等)。如:Reserve enough money for your home fare.(留足你回家的路費(fèi)。)
107.probable, possible, likely
probable很可能的,大概的,語(yǔ)氣較possible強(qiáng)。如:It is probable that the cost will be greater than we think.(花費(fèi)很可能比我們料想的要多。) possible強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上可能性,但常帶有“實(shí)際可能性很小”的暗示。如:It’s possible, though not probable, that he will accept these terms. (他有可能接受這些條件,但希望很小。)
likely暗示從表面跡象來(lái)判斷“有可能的”。如:It is likely that he will come.(他多半會(huì)來(lái)。)
108.purpose, goal, aim, end, object
purpose目的,意圖,比較確定,多指采取堅(jiān)決的行動(dòng)去達(dá)到目的。如:The tutor explained the purpose of the exercise.(導(dǎo)師說(shuō)明了該練習(xí)的目的。)
goal指經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)考慮而選中的比較大的目標(biāo),常需要努力或克服困難才能達(dá)到的目的。如:The goal of her desire is to be a singer.(她渴望成為一名歌唱家。)
aim常指短期目標(biāo),往往比較具體,也比較實(shí)際。如:My first aim is to receive a complete and good education.(我的第一個(gè)目標(biāo)是接受完整和良好的教育。)
end目標(biāo),目的,較正式。如:My chief end is to serve my country and my people.(我的首要目標(biāo)是為國(guó)為民服務(wù)。)
object指較明確具體的單個(gè)目標(biāo),往往出于直接的需要和愿望。如:What is the object of your visit?(你訪問的目的是什么?)
109.respectable, respected, respectful, respective
都是形容詞。
respectable可尊敬的,值得尊重的。如:His parents were poor but respectable.(他父母雖窮卻令人尊敬。)
respected表示受人尊敬的,可用于對(duì)年長(zhǎng)的人,權(quán)威性的意見等。
respectful指“充滿敬意的”,是主動(dòng)性的尊重他人。如:The students were very respectful towards the great man.(這些學(xué)生對(duì)這位偉人十分敬仰。)
respective表“各自分別的”,修飾名詞時(shí),名詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如:They went back to their respective houses.(他們回了各自的家。)
110.round, around
round作副詞時(shí),同around意思相近,規(guī)范用法應(yīng)區(qū)別動(dòng)態(tài)和靜態(tài)!ound用于圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)或測(cè)量,around用于指遍及表面或中心附近。如:The spaceship traveled round the world in 40 minutes. They planted trees around the lawn.
around用于指遍及表面或中心附近。如:The spaceship traveled round the world in 40 minutes. They planted trees around the lawn.
111.rouse, arouse
rouse表“激起”,語(yǔ)氣比arouse強(qiáng),常有“積極行動(dòng)”的意思。
arouse表“引起”,動(dòng)作意味較弱,在表“喚起”意義時(shí),可用rouse換用。
112.say, speak, talk, tell
say著重所說(shuō)的話,可用作及物動(dòng)詞,帶賓語(yǔ)從句。
Speak著重開口發(fā)聲,不著重所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容,一般作不及物動(dòng)詞,用作及物動(dòng)詞,賓語(yǔ)只能是某種語(yǔ)言等少數(shù)幾個(gè)名詞,不能接that從句。
Talk表示通過(guò)談話方式交換意見、思想、消息等,一般只作不及物動(dòng)詞。
Tell表示告訴,有時(shí)兼含“囑咐”,“命令”等。Tell the truth說(shuō)真話,tell a lie說(shuō)謊,tell a story講故事等為固定搭配。Tell是及物動(dòng)詞,但其后不跟that從句。
113.senseless, sensible, sensitive
senseless愚蠢的(常作定語(yǔ));無(wú)知覺的(常作表語(yǔ))。
Sensible懂事的,明智的。如:He is a sensible child.(他是個(gè)懂事的孩子。)
Sensitive有感覺的,敏感的。如:Eyes are very sensitive to light.(眼睛對(duì)光敏感。)
114.shake, shiver, tremble
shake顫抖,顫動(dòng),指任何短促而急促的搖動(dòng),有時(shí)喻指對(duì)決心,信念的動(dòng)搖。如:He was shaking with fear.(他嚇得發(fā)抖。) Nothing can shake our determination.(什么也動(dòng)搖不了我們的決心。)
shiver戰(zhàn)栗,寒戰(zhàn),指因寒冷,恐懼或體弱多病而引起的抖動(dòng)。如:The old man stood shivering in the wind-swept street.(這位老人站在寒風(fēng)凜冽的街上發(fā)抖。)
tremble顫抖,發(fā)抖,指因寒冷、情緒變化、體弱多病而不由自主輕微地抖動(dòng)。如:A poor old woman stood at the corner, trembling with age.(一位可憐的老婦人站在拐角處,因年老而不斷哆嗦。)
115.small, little
small側(cè)重尺度,面積,數(shù)字等,在指具體事物小時(shí),有時(shí)有輕視,鄙視,貶低的意味,在表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時(shí),一般說(shuō)a small amount of。
little指具體事物小時(shí),常有贊賞,愛惜等意味,也可用來(lái)指不可數(shù)的量。
116.solve, answer, resolve
solve解決,解答。如:He solved all the problems in the exam.(他解出了所有試題。)solve的名詞為solution,一般同to搭配。如:a solution to the problem
answer 表“回答”,后面的賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)是questions。
resolve表“解決”,“解答”是個(gè)正式用詞。如:Have you resolved the problem yet?(你把問題解決了嗎?)resolve還有“決定”,“下決心”等意思。
117.sometimes, some time, sometime, some times
詞形相近,但意義和用法不同。
sometimes有時(shí)。如:I sometimes play tennis.(我有時(shí)打網(wǎng)球。)
some times有幾次。如:I have been to the Great Wall for some times.(我去長(zhǎng)城有好幾次了。)
sometime某個(gè)時(shí)候,指過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的不確定時(shí)間。如:I will buy a car sometime in the future.(將來(lái)我會(huì)買車的。)
some time一段時(shí)間。如:I have been a teacher for some time.(我當(dāng)老師已有些年頭了。)
118.submit, surrender, yield
都有“讓步,屈服”之意。
submit表示“甘心忍受”,作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),賓語(yǔ)為反身代詞,但一般為不及物動(dòng)詞,后接介詞to 。
surrender“投降”,強(qiáng)調(diào)“被迫投降,壓力很大”,是不及物動(dòng)詞,后接介詞to;用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),表因戰(zhàn)敗或被迫“交出”,“放棄”某些事物。
yield“投降”,與surrender 大致同義,但是指“溫和的讓步”。
119.sway, swing
sway和swing同義。
sway一般表示物體的下端固定,上端“搖動(dòng)”。如:The sailboat swayed on the stormy sea.(帆船在驚濤駭浪的大海中搖晃。)
swing多表示物體的上端固定,下端“擺動(dòng)”。如:The pendulum swings.(鐘擺擺動(dòng)。)
120.army, force, troop
army軍隊(duì),著重指軍隊(duì)這個(gè)整體,包括陸?杖。當(dāng)與navy和air force并列使用時(shí),則指陸軍。如:We will have not only a powerful army but also a powerful air force and a powerful navy.(我們不但要有強(qiáng)大的陸軍,而且要有強(qiáng)大的空軍和海軍。)
force軍隊(duì),部隊(duì),著重指武力,常用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Forces were sent out to stop the conflict.派出武裝部隊(duì)制止這場(chǎng)沖突。
troop部隊(duì),著重指構(gòu)成軍隊(duì)的士兵成員,常用復(fù)數(shù)。如:They sent the troops to the front.他們把軍隊(duì)派往前線。
121.free, vacant, empty
free空的,指清除了或缺少了某物,與of 或from連用。如:She is free from anxiety.(她無(wú)憂無(wú)慮。)She is free of him.(她擺脫了他。)
empty空的,指里面什么東西都沒有。如:The case is empty.(這是個(gè)空箱子。)
vacant空閑的,指地方?jīng)]有被占用。如:One day, man can make full use of vacant space.(將來(lái),人們會(huì)充分利用浩瀚的天空。)
empty,vacant和相同的名詞連用時(shí),含義不同。如an empty house指房子里既無(wú)家具也無(wú)人,空蕩蕩的。而a vacant house指房子沒有被人占用,里面可有家具,也可無(wú)家具。
122.pay, salary, wage
pay薪金,泛指對(duì)付出勞動(dòng)給予的報(bào)酬,不分發(fā)放對(duì)象,只用單數(shù),尤指軍隊(duì)的軍餉。如:They are asking for equal pay for equal work.他們要求同工同酬。
Salary工資,指按月或年支付給腦力勞動(dòng)者的工資。如:The family lives on his salary.(全家人靠他的工資生活。)
Wage工資,指定期支付給體力勞動(dòng)者或臨時(shí)工的工資,常用復(fù)數(shù)。如:He works at wages of ten dollars a week.(他每周工資10美元。)
123.cry, sob, weep
cry哭,普通用語(yǔ),常指出聲地哭。如:The little girl cried herself to sleep.(小女孩哭著睡著了。)
sob抽泣,嗚咽:She sobbed herself to sleep.(她啜泣著入睡了。) weep哭泣,書面語(yǔ),常指小聲或無(wú)聲地哭泣,有時(shí)可與cry通用。如:She wept at the sad news.(聽到這不幸的消息,她哭了。)
124.worth, worthless, worthwhile, worthy
worth值……錢,值得……的。如:This house is worth a lot of money.(這房值很多錢。)The radio program is worth listening to. (這廣播節(jié)目值得聽。)
worthless無(wú)價(jià)值的,無(wú)用的(可作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),無(wú)比較級(jí))。如:These stamps are worthless.(這些郵票無(wú)價(jià)值。)Don’t read worthless books.(不要讀些沒用的書。)
worthwhile值得的(可作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ))。如:That is a worthwhile program.(那是一個(gè)值得聽的節(jié)目。)So few movies are worthwhile nowadays.(當(dāng)今有價(jià)值的電影很少。)
worthy(1)有價(jià)值的,可尊敬的(常作定語(yǔ))。如:The teacher was a worthy man.(那位老師是可尊敬的人。)(2)值得的(常作表語(yǔ))。如:The man is worthy of praise.(這人值得稱贊。)它的動(dòng)詞句式是be worthy to be done (be worth doing).
125.zone, district, area, region, belt
zone地帶,地區(qū),區(qū)域,指某一特定的地方或區(qū)域。如:Most of China is in the temperate zone.(中國(guó)的大部分地區(qū)在溫帶。)
district區(qū),行政區(qū),指一國(guó)家或城市按行政區(qū)的劃分。如:the economic development district(經(jīng)濟(jì)開放區(qū))
area面積,范圍,一般用語(yǔ),沒有明確的外圍界限,也可指占地面積。如:The factory covers an area of 500 mu.(這工廠占地50畝。)
region地區(qū),指較大范圍內(nèi)的區(qū)域,一般按自然條件和自身特點(diǎn)劃分。如:an autonomous region(自治區(qū))
belt地帶,通常指狹長(zhǎng)的地帶。如:The northern part of the country is usually regarded as the wheat belt.(這國(guó)家的北部通常被看作小麥種植地帶。)