高考英語介詞和代詞考點講解(2)
2021-09-25 17:27:19高考網整理
高頻考點六 it, one, ones, the one(s), that和those的辨析
例6. (2019·天津卷)A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than ________ who are not.
A.ones B.those
C.these D.them
【答案】B
【解析】考查代詞。句意:一項研究表明,參加課后活動的學生比不參加課后活動的學生更快樂。本句中為了避免重復,需用those代替the students。故選B。
【舉一反三】The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than ________ on the small ones.
A.one B.this
C.that D.it
【答案】C
【解析】句意:大街上的綠燈比小街上的綠燈亮得時間更長。that在此處替代前面提到的traffic,以避免重復。one泛指可數名詞單數;this通常指代下文要提到的事情;it指代上文出現的同一事物。
【變式探究】At our factory there are a few machines similar to ________ described in this magazine.
A.them B.these
C.those D.ones
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我們工廠里的一些機器與這本雜志里描述的那些機器很相似。空格處應用those表特指,替代前面出現的復數可數名詞machines。注意題干中machines后有限制語described in this magazine,故不能用表泛指的ones,若選ones,則應在其前加上the。
【變式探究】Half of ________ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.
A.these B.some
C.ones D.those
【答案】D
【解析】句意:來自16個國家的受訪人當中有一半人說,在他們有最強烈的愿望和最恐懼的時候,他們首先想到他們最親近的朋友。所以這里用those來指代前面提到的那些被調查的人。
高頻考點七 復合不定代詞的辨析
例7. ________ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn't love it.
A.Anybody B.Everybody
C.Nobody D.Somebody
【答案】C
【解析】句意:沒有人能持續(xù)四十年把某件事做得很好,除非他熱愛它。根據句意可知,空處應用Nobody。
【變式探究】 This project requires close teamwork. ________ will be achieved unless we work well together.
A.Nothing B.Anything
C.Something D.Everything
【答案】A
【解析】句意:這個項目需要密切的合作,除非我們通力合作,否則一事無成。根據句意可知此處應用表示否定意義的詞語,故選A。
一、介詞
1.【2019·江蘇卷】27.Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees' professional development.
A. in effect B. in command C. in turn D. in shape
【答案】A
【解析】考查介詞短語。句意:好的制度政策實際上都會激發(fā)員工的專業(yè)水平的提升。A. in effect實際上;B. in command指揮;C. in turn輪流,依次;D. in shape在外形上,處于良好的狀態(tài)。故選A。
2.【2019·新課標I卷】Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案】of/for
【解析】考查介詞用法。此處tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定語,用of 連接,“methods of doing sth.”,意為“……的方法”,構成固定結構;蛘咭鉃“對于跟蹤北極熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
3.【2019·新課標III卷】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs,seven to be exact.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介詞。“a pack of”意為“一群”。故填of。
4.【2019·浙江卷】But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not clear.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介詞。句意:這個問題的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...這是固定搭配,“……的答案是……”。故填to。
1.【2018·北京】—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.
A. for B. on C. in D. at
【答案】A
【解析】考查介詞。句意:——早上好,Lee先生辦公室。——早上好。我想預約下周三下午(和Mr. Lee見面)。make an appointment for意為“為……預約”,是固定搭配,故A選項正確。
2.【2018·江蘇】China’s soft?power?grows?_______ the?increasing?appreciation?and?understanding of China globally.
A. in line with B. in reply to
C. in return for D. in honour of
【答案】A
【解析】考查介詞短語詞義辨析及語境理解。句意:中國的軟實力增長與日俱增全球對中國的賞識和理解相一致。A. in line with按照;與...一致;B. in reply to答復;C. in return for作為 ... 的報酬;D. in honour of為紀念。故選A。
3.【2018·天津】Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.
A. at first B. after all
C. above all D. at random
【答案】B
【解析】考查介詞短語辨析及語境理解。句意:鮑勃認為他不能去參加聚會,因為他不得不寫一份報告,但他終究去了。A. at first起初;B. after all畢竟,終究。C. above all首先;D. at random隨便地。根據前面的轉折連詞可知,與前面情況相反,故選B。
1.(2017·江蘇)Determining where we are ____________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
A. in contrast to B. in defense of
C. in face of D. in relation to
【答案】D
【解析】考查介詞短語。句意:根據周圍的環(huán)境辨別方位仍然是我們生存的一項極其重要的技能。A. in contrast to對比,截然不同;B. in defense of為……辯護;C. in face of面對;D. in relation to與……有關。故選D。
2.(2017·北京)Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry.
A. at B. in C. on D. by
【答案】B
【解析】許多住在海邊上的人都是靠漁業(yè)來謀生的。此處用介詞in,不用by,因為by后面通常接做什么事情來謀生,此處是指在捕魚這個行業(yè)里,在這個行業(yè)里謀生,用in,故選B。
3.(2017?天津)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _____ trees that are over 1,000 years old.
A. among B. against C. behind D. below
【答案】A
【解析】 句意:當你開車穿過加州的紅木森林時,你將會位于超過百年歷史的樹木之間。 be among 位于之間; be against 反對; be behind 在后面; be below在之下。根據句意,故選A。
1.(2016·新課標Ⅰ,64)But my connection with pandas goes back ________ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,when I was the first...
【答案】to 【解析】句意:但是我與熊貓之間的聯系要追溯到20世紀80年代中期我在一檔電視節(jié)目的時候,那是我第一次……。go back to“追溯到”,是固定短語。
2.(2016·新課標Ⅱ,44)Most of us are more focused ________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
【答案】on 【解析】句意:我們大多數人在早晨時對任務的注意力要比晚些時候的注意力更集中。be focused on意為“集中于……”。
3.(2016·新課標Ⅲ,70)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for example,most people traditionally eat ________ their hands.
【答案】with 【解析】句意:筷子并非被亞洲的所有國家(的人民)使用。例如在印度,大部分的人習慣用手吃飯。with“用……”,符合句意。
4.(2016·四川,67)The mother continued to care for the young panda ________ more than two years.
【答案】for 【解析】句意:這位母親持續(xù)照顧熊貓幼崽兩年多。“for+一段時間”作時間狀語,表示“持續(xù)了一段時間”。
5.(2016·浙江,16)In this article,you need to back up general statements ________ specific examples.
【答案】with 【解析】句意:在這篇文章中,你需要用具體的例子來支持總的觀點。根據句意及結構可知,這里用介詞with表示“用……”。
6.(2016·天津,8)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice ________ her opinion on the subject.
【答案】to 【解析】句意:在討論剛開始時,瑪麗一言不發(fā),但最后她就這個主題發(fā)表了自己的觀點。give voice to“表達,吐露,發(fā)泄”,符合句意。