張愛玲英文簡介

來源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)來源 2009-08-29 15:08:53

[標(biāo)簽：簡介]

　　一.Eileen Chang

　　Eileen Chang Pseudonym(s): Liang Jing

　　Born: September 30, 1920

　　Shanghai, China

　　Died: September 8, 1995

　　Los Angeles, US

　　Occupation(s): novelist, essayist, screenwriter

　　Writing period: 1932-1995

　　Genre(s): Romance

　　Influences: Cao Xueqin

　　Eileen Chang (Traditional Chinese: 張愛玲; Simplified Chinese: 張愛玲; pinyin: Zh ng il ng) (September 30, 1920 – 1995) was a Chinese writer. She had also used the pseudonym Liang Jing (梁京), which is almost unknown. Her works frequently deal with the tensions between men and women in love, and are considered by some scholars to be among the best Chinese literature of the period. Chang's work describing life in 1940s Shanghai and occupied Hong Kong is remarkable in its focus on everyday life and the absence of the political subtext which characterised many other writers of the period.

　　Early life

　　Born in Shanghai on September 30, 1920, to a renowned family, Eileen Chang's paternal grandfather Zhang Peilun was a son-in-law to Li Hongzhang, an influential Qing court official. Chang was named Zhang Ying (張瑛) at birth. Her family moved to Tianjin in 1922, where she started school at the age of four.

　　When Chang was five, her birth mother left for the United Kingdom after her father took in a concubine. Chang's father became addicted to opium. Although Chang's mother did return four years later, following her husband's promise to quit the drug and split with the concubine, a divorce could not be averted. Chang's unhappy childhood in the broken family probably gave her later works their pessimistic overtone.

　　The family moved back to Shanghai in 1928. She started to read Dream of the Red Chamber. Two years later, Chang was renamed Eileen (her Chinese first name, Ailing, was actually a transliteration of Eileen) in preparation for her entry into the Saint Maria Girls' School and her parents divorced. In 1932, she worte her debut short novel.

　　During her secondary education, Chang was already deemed a genius in literature. Her writings were published in the school magazine. In 1939, she was accepted into the University of Hong Kong to study Literature. She also received a scholarship to study in the University of London, though the opportunity had to be given up due to the ongoing Pacific War. Hong Kong fell to the Empire of Japan on December 25, 1941. The Japanese Occupation of Hong Kong would last until 1945.

　　Chang had left occupied Hong Kong for her native Shanghai. She fed herself with what she was best at - writing. It was during this period when some of her most acclaimed works, including Qing Cheng Zhi Lian (傾城之戀) and Jin Suo Ji (金鎖記), were penned.

　　First marriage

　　Chang met her first husband Hu Lancheng (胡蘭成) in 1943 and married him in the following year. She loved him dearly, despite his being already married as well as labelled a traitor for collaborating with the Japanese. When Japan was defeated in 1945, Hu escaped to Wenzhou, where he fell in love with yet another woman. When Chang traced him to his refuge, she realized she could not salvage the marriage. They finally divorced in 1947.

　　Life in the United States

　　In 1952, Chang migrated back to Hong Kong, where she worked as a translator for the American News Agency for three years. She then left for the United States in the fall of 1955, never to return to Mainland China again.

　　Second Marriage

　　In New York, Chang met her second husband, the American writer Ferdinand Reyer, whom she married in August 1956. Reyer was paralyzed after he was hit by strokes in 1961, while Chang was on a trip to Taiwan, and eventually died in 1967. After Reyer's death, Chang held short-term jobs at Radcliffe College and UC Berkeley.

　　Translation Work

　　Chang relocated to Los Angeles in 1973. Two years later, she completed the English translation of The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai (海上花列傳, literally The Biography of Hai Shang Hua), a celebrated Qing novel in the Wu dialect by Han Bangqing 韓邦慶, 1856-1894. She became increasingly reclusive in her later years.

　　Death

　　Chang was found dead in her apartment on September 8, 1995, by her Iranian-American landlord. Her death certificate states the immediate cause of her death to be Arteriosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD). According to her will, she was cremated without any open funeral and her ashes were released to the Pacific Ocean.

　　Works

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　　《秧歌》 (The Rice Sprout Song)

　　《赤地之戀》

　　《流言》 (Written on Water)

　　《怨女》 (The Rouge of the North)

　　《傾城之戀-張愛玲短篇小說集之一》

　　《第一爐香-張愛玲短篇小說集之二》

　　《半生緣》(Eighteen Springs)

　　《張看》

　　《紅樓夢魘》

　　《海上花開-國語海上花列傳一》

　　《海上花落-國語海上花列傳二》

　　《惘然記》

　　惘然記

　　色，戒 (Lust, Caution)

　　浮花浪蕊

　　相見歡

　　多少恨

　　殷寶艷送花樓會

　　情場如戰(zhàn)場

　　《續(xù)集》

　　《余韻》

　　《對照記》

　　《愛默森選集》 (The Selection of Emerson)

　　《同學(xué)少年都不賤》

　　《沉香》

　　Works in English Translation

　　Love in a Fallen City (published in October 2006 by New York Review Books) Translated by Karen Kingsbury and Eileen Chang. ISBN 1-59017-178-0

　　"The Golden Cangue" (金鎖記) is found in Modern Chinese Stories and Novellas, 1919-1949 (ed. Joseph S M Lau et al.) HC ISBN 0-231-04202-7 PB ISBN 0-231-04203-5

　　Naked Earth (tr. of 赤地之戀) Hong Kong: Union Press, 1956.

　　The Rice Sprout Song: a Novel of Modern China (tr. of 秧歌 by the author) HC ISBN 0-520-21437-4, PB ISBN 0-520-21088-3

　　The Rouge of the North (tr. of 怨女) HC ISBN 0-520-21438-2 PB 0520210875

　　Traces of Love and Other Stories PB ISBN 962-7255-22-X

　　The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai (Eileen Chang's tr. of Han Bangqing's novel) ISBN 0-231-12268-3

　　Written on Water (tr. of 流言 by Andrew Jones) ISBN 0-231-13138-0

　　Bibliography

　　Chang's main works put on screen include:

　　Tao hua yun (1959) ("The Wayward Husband")

　　Liu yue xin niang (1960) ("The June Bride")

　　Xiao er nu (1963) ("Father takes a Bride")

　　Yi qu nan wang (1964)