高中英語閱讀理解專講專練[六]

　　擴大視幅：

　　擴大視幅是高效閱讀的一種技巧，它是指在閱讀過程中，我們要擴大眼睛在閱讀材料上每停留一次所能感知的文字的廣度。閱讀的過程，實際上是一個積極思維、迅速將文字符號轉(zhuǎn)換為詞義的過程。一般說來，我們的視幅總長度可達到4-5厘米。所以我們在閱讀過程中，要盡可能擴大視線在文章每一行的覆蓋范圍，將盡可能多的單詞收入視線范圍之內(nèi)。眼睛所注視的范圍越大，輸入大腦的文字內(nèi)容也就越多，我們的閱讀速度自然也就越快。

　　我們平時在閱讀時，不能逐詞閱讀，要不斷訓練自己從“點讀”過渡到“句讀”、“段讀”，讓我們的識別幅度覆蓋一個完整的思維單位，學會整體認讀、整體理解句子意思，并要熟悉句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和詞語的搭配習慣，切忌讀破句。

　　Passage A

　　閱讀理解

　　Different countries and different people have different manners. We must find out their customs, so that they will not think us ill?mannered. Here are some examples of the things that a well?mannered person does or does not do.

　　If you visit a Chinese family you should knock at the door first. When the door opens, you'll not move before the host says “Come in, please!”. After you enter the room, you wouldn?t sit down until the host asks you to take a seat. When a cup of tea is put on a tea?table before you or sent to your hand, you?ll say “Thank you”① and receive it with your two hands, not one hand, or they'll think you are ill?mannered.

　　Before entering a house in Japan, it is good manners to take off your shoes. In European countries, even though shoes sometimes become very dirty, this is not done.② In a Malay (馬來西亞的) house, a guest never finishes the food on the table. He leaves a little to show that he has had enough. In England, a guest always finishes a drink or the food to show that he has enjoyed it. This will make the host, especially (尤其) the hostess pleased.

　　根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案：

　　1. In China, when the host opens the door, ____ before he says “Come in, please!”

　　A. you won't leave

　　B. you won't walk

　　C. you won't stand in front of him

　　D. you won't get in

　?. In European countries,____ when you get into a house.

　　A. you needn't take off your shoes

　　B. you must take off your dirty shoes

　　C. you are not allowed to wear dirty shoes

　　D. you should put on clean shoes

　　3. In a Malay house, a guest leaves a little food to show that ____.

　　A. he has enjoyed itB. he is quite full

　　C. he is not hungry at allD. he needs some drink

　　難句注釋

　�、� When a cup of tea is put on a tea?table before you or sent to your hand, you?ll say “Thank you”. 當一杯茶擺到你面前的茶幾上或遞到你手里時，你要說“謝謝”。

　　Total words:204

　　Reading time:____

　　Reading speed: ____

　　② In European countries, even though shoes sometimes become very dirty, this is not done.

　　在歐洲國家，有時即使鞋子臟也不用脫下來。

　　Passage B

　　閱讀理解

　　Do you love holidays but hate the increase of weight (體重) that follows? You are not alone.

　　Holidays are happy days with pleasure and delicious foods. Many people, however, are worried about the weight that comes along with these delicious foods.①

　　With proper planning, though, it is possible to control your weight. The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much. You don't have to turn away from the foods that you enjoy. The following suggestions may be of some help to you.②

　　Do not miss meals. Before you leave home for a feast (宴會), have a small, low?fat snack (小吃).This may help to keep you from getting too excited before delicious foods.

　　Begin with clear soup and fruit or vegetables. A large glass of water before you eat may help you feel full. Use a small plate; a large plate will encourage you to have more than enough.

　　Better not have high?fat foods. Dishes that look oily or creamy have much fat in them.

　　Choose lean meat (瘦肉). Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables.

　　If you have a sweet tooth,③ try mints(薄荷)and fruits. They don?t have fat content (含量) as cream and chocolate.

　　Don't let exercise take a break during the holidays. A 20?minute walk after a meal can help burn off extra calories (卡路里).

　　根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案：

　　1. Holidays are happy days with pleasure but they may ____.

　　A. bring weight problems

　　B. bring you much trouble in your life

　　C. make you worried about your foods

　　D. make you hate delicious foods

　　2. In order to really enjoy your holidays without putting on weight, you?d better____ .

　　A. drink much water and have vegetables only

　　B. not eat much food in high fat

　　C. not accept invitations to feasts

　　D. turn away from delicious foods

　　3. According to the passage, ____ is a necessary part to stop you from putting on weight.

　　A. vegetables

　　B. water

　　C. calories of energy

　　D. physical exercise

　　難句注釋

　�、� Many people, however, are worried about the weight that comes along with these delicious foods. 然而，很多人擔心體重會隨著這些美味的食物而增加。

　　Total words:231

　　Reading time:____

　　Reading speed: ____

　�、� The following suggestions may be of some help to you.

　　下面的建議也許對你有所幫助。

　�、� have a sweet tooth 吃甜食。

　　Passage C

　　閱讀理解

　　This year 2,300 teenagers ( young people aged from 13-19 ) from all over the world will spend about ten months in U.S. homes. They will attend U.S. schools, meet U.S. teenagers, and form impressions (印象) of the real American teenagers. American teenagers will go to other countries to learn new languages and have a new understanding of the rest of the world.

　　Here is a two?way student exchange in action.① Fred, nineteen, spent last year in Germany with George's family. In return, George's son, Mike, spent a year in Fred's home in America.

　　Fred, a lively young man, knew little German when he arrived, but after two months? study, the language began to come to him. School was completely different from what he had expected — much harder ②. Students rose respectfully (尊敬地) when the teacher entered the room. They took fourteen subjects instead of the six that are usual in the United States. There were almost no outside activities (活動).

　　Family life, too, was different. The family's word was law, and all activities were around the family rather than the individual (個人). Fred found the food too simple at first. Also, he missed having a car.

　　“Back home, you pick up some friends in a car and go out and have a good time. In Germany, you walk, but you soon learn to like it.”

　　At the same time, in America, Mike, a friendly German boy, was also forming his idea. “I suppose I should criticize (批評) American schools.” he says. “It is far too easy by our level (水準). But I have to say that I like it very much. In Germany we do nothing but study. Here we take part in many outside activities. I think that maybe your schools are better in training for citizens (市民). There ought to be some middle ground between the two.③”

　　根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案：

　　1. The whole exchange program is mainly to ____.

　　A. help teenagers in other countries know the real America

　　B. send students in America to travel in Germany

　　C. let students learn something about other countries

　　D. have teenagers learn new languages

　　2. What did Fred and Mike agree on?

　　A. American food tasted better than German food.

　　B. German schools were harder than American schools.

　　C. Americans and Germans were both friendly.

　　D. There were more cars on the streets in America.

　　3. What is particular (特別的) in American schools?

　　A. There is some middle ground between the two teaching buildings.

　　B. There are a lot of after?school activities.

　　C. Students usually take 14 subjects in all.

　　D. Students go outside to enjoy themselves in a car.

　　4. What did Mike think after experiencing the American school life?

　　A. A better education should include something good from both America and Germany.

　　B. German schools trained students to be better citizens. C. American schools were not as good as German schools.

　　D. The easy life in the American school was more helpful to students.

　　難句注釋

　�、� Here is a two?way student exchange in action.

　　這里就有一個正在運作的兩地學生互派活動。

　　in action 意為“在運轉(zhuǎn)；在操作；在某項活動中”。

　　Total words:318

　　Reading time:____

　　Reading speed: ____

　�、� School was completely different from what he had expected—much harder.

　　學校完全不同于他原本料想的那樣，要辛苦得多。

　�、� There ought to be some middle ground between the two.

　　在兩國學校之間應(yīng)該要平均一下。

　　Passage D

　　完形填空

　　I spent two months with an American family last year when I studied in America.

　　It is said, “The best house is in America, the best wife is in Japan, and the best food is in China.” So I took pride (自豪) and 1 to 2 “the best food” for my American family. Each day, regardless of my poor skill of cooking,① I would do something in 3 way: changing the dishes? colour, the meat?s type or the soup?s style (風味). Thus, my American friends could discover the 4 of eating Chinese food. Because of my “ 5 ” job, I was often rewarded(獎勵)by their 6 of appreciation(感激)such as “very delicious”,“excellent”, etc.

　　But the joke was here: yesterday, I cooked Sichuan?style 7 for dinner. I was 8 at my achievement (成就).

　　When all the family members arrived at the table, they first looked 9 at the fish, then looked at me. “Why do all the fish have their10 ？” they asked，“It?s terrible!”

　　Terrible or beautiful？I don't know. But I 11 know that fish heads are delicious. The 12 is the best part of fish; in 13 only the respectable(受敬重的)guest can have the special honour of 14 it.

　　Another 15 thing is: the American friends often said to me“ 16 ”as they 17 fruits or other things. According to Chinese tradition I would simply smile in answer to their kindness② 18 actually helping myself to any of the food. 19 , I said “help yourself” to them whenever I brought home fruits. Dear me, no matter how much or how often I brought home food, as long as it was nice to their taste, they 20 hesitated (猶豫)to use their hands to “help themselves” until all was finished.

　　根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案：

　　1. A. worryB. attentionC. delightD. pleasure

　　2. A. buy B. fetch C. cook D. leave

　　3. A. their B. a new C. the sameD. a simple

　　4. A. way B. joy C. trouble D. importance

　　5. A. hard B. daily C. good D. new

　　6. A. expressions B. flowers C. talk D. smile

　　7. A. meat B. fish C. soup D. egg

　　8. A. praised B. pleased C. good D. surprised

　　9. A. happily B. excitedly

　　C. surprisedlyD. worriedly

　　10. A. bones B. skins C. tails D. heads

　　11. A. do B. will C. want toD. should

　　12. A. tail B. head C. soup D. flesh

　　13. A. fact B. China C. USA D. the West

　　14. A. enjoying B. looking at

　　C. playing withD. cooking

　　15. A. real B. exciting C. interestingD. easy

　　16. A. please help us B. excuse me

　　C. help yourself D. eat them please

　　17. A. brought home B. wanted

　　C. were buying D. were eating

　　18. A. not B. but not C. withoutD. nor

　　19. A. At last B. Above all

　　C. After allD. In return

　　20. A. usual B. often C. never D. had

　　難句注釋

　�、賠egardless of my poor skill of cooking

　　不顧我差勁的廚藝。

　�、贏ccording to Chinese tradition I would simply smile in answer to their kindness.

　　根據(jù)中國的傳統(tǒng)，我只是對他們的好意報以微笑。

　　in answer (to sth.)意為“ 作為回應(yīng)”。

　　Passage A

　　本文主要講述了不同的國家有不同的禮儀，并通過幾個例子來說明這一點。

　　1. D. 從文章第二段第二句話可以得出答案。

　　2. A. 從最后一段 “In European countries, even though shoes sometimes become very dirty, this is not done.”可以得出答案。

　　3. B. 文中提到在馬來西亞“He leaves a little to show that he has had enough.”。

　　Passage B

　　人們喜歡假日美食，但又怕發(fā)胖。本文提出了一些既能享受美食又不會增重的建議。

　　1.A.從文章第一、二兩段可以得知假日會帶來體重增加的問題。

　　2.B.不要吃高脂肪食品。

　　3. D. 文章最后一段提到了鍛煉是不能缺少的。take a break意為“停歇”。

　　Passage C

　　本文主要介紹了國與國之間的青少年互派交流活動，并講述了來自美國和德國的兩個學生到對方國度的學習和生活情況，反映了兩國之間在學校、家庭生活上的差異。

　　1. C. 本題考查交流項目的目的，其他三個選項比較片面。

　　2. B. 注意是雙方都同意。agree on 意為“在……取得一致”。

　　3. B. 從文章最后一段Mike認為在美國“Here we take part in many outside activities.”可知。

　　4. A. 其他三項比較片面，而且最后一段Mike認為“There ought to be some middle ground between the two.”。

　　Passage D

　　本文主要描述了“我”在國外經(jīng)常做中國菜給外國主人吃，雖然廚藝不精，但還是常受到他們的稱贊。另外還舉了兩個例子體現(xiàn)了中西文化的差異。

　　1.D.在國外做中國菜，顯然是感到自豪和高興。

　　2.C.從接下來的文字中可以得知是烹飪而不是其他動詞。

　　3.B.從下文中可以看出“我”是以一種新的方式來做菜。

　　4. B. 根據(jù)上下文，外國人吃“我”做的菜應(yīng)該是感到有樂趣的。take delight in doing sth.意為“樂于做……”

　　5. C. 從下文得知外國人喜歡吃“我”做的菜，那“我”的菜應(yīng)該是好吃的。

　　6. A. 下文提到了比如“very delicious”,“excellent”，很明顯是表達的意思。

　　7.B.從下文可以得知是魚，而不是其他食品。

　　8.B.“我”自然對自己的作品是滿意的。

　　9.C.根據(jù)下文外國朋友的疑問和驚訝的語氣可以選出答案來。

　　10. D. 前后照應(yīng)，下文提到了“fish heads are delicious”。

　　11.A.這里是加強語氣，意為“我”的確知道。

　　12.B.根據(jù)上下文可以得出答案。

　　13.B.因為“我”是中國人，很明顯了解中國的習俗。

　　14.A.在中國只有受敬重的人才有享用它的榮幸。

　　15.C.最后一段講的是另外一件表現(xiàn)中美文化習慣上的差異的事，應(yīng)該是有趣的事。

　　16.C.根據(jù)平時的口語表達可以得出答案。

　　17.A.根據(jù)上下文得知是買回來后讓“我”隨便吃。

　　18.C.中國的習俗是嘴上可能會說吃，而實際上并不會真的去吃。

　　19. D. At last“最后”，Above all“最重要的是”, After all“畢竟”, In return“作為回報”。

　　20. C. 文章最后提到“until all was finished”，很明顯他們是從不猶豫。

　　1. This may help to keep you from getting too excited before delicious foods. 這也許有助于防止你在美食面前太過興奮。(Line 9, Passage B)

　　要表達“使某人不能做某事”，可用keep sb. from doing sth. ，prevent sb. from doing sth. 或stop sb. from doing sth. 等結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

　　The church bells keep me from sleeping. 教堂的鐘聲吵得我睡不著覺。

　　They stopped me (from) going out of the door. 他們阻止我出門。

　　What prevented you (from) joining us last night?

　　昨天晚上什么事使你不能參加我們的晚會?

　　注意這三個詞組中keep sb. from doing sth.中的from不能省，因為keep sb. doing sth. 意為“讓某人一直做某事”。

　　2. It is far too easy by our level. (Line 20, Passage C)

　　該句中的far 是程度副詞，“很；極；大大地”的意思，修飾形容詞、副詞及其比較級、最高級。

　　This room is far too warm. 這個房間極熱。

　　She speaks English far better than I. 她英語說得遠比我好。

　　My work is far from finished. 我的工作還遠沒有結(jié)束。

　　句中的by 表基準，可譯為“根據(jù)……；按照……”。如：

　　You must play by the rules. 你們必須按照規(guī)則來比賽。

　　I can see by the expression on your face that you are in trouble.

　　從你的表情，我可以看得出你有了麻煩。