高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練-生活類(lèi)

　　(1)

　　Listen carefully, working people, we would like to tell you something that could save your precious time and money! Best of all, it is free!

　　It’s “no”.

　　What do you ask? We’ll say it again: “No”.

　　Sweet and simple “no”.

　　Say “no” at your office and see how quickly that pile of work on your desk disappears.

　　“Saying ‘no’ to others means you are saying ‘yes’ to yourself, ” said Leslie Charles, a professional speaker from East Lansing, Michigan.

　　“Time is precious. People are spending money buying time. And yet we are willing to give up our time because we can’t say ‘no’.”

　　Susie Watson, a famous writer, said people who always say “yes” need to say “no” without guilt(內(nèi)疚)or fear of punishment. “I would rather have someone give me a loving ‘no’ than an obligated(強(qiáng)制的) ‘yes’, ” she said.

　　Susie Watson says she feels “no” obligation to give an explanation when she says “no” either socially or professionally. Does she feel guilty about it? “Not at all, ” said Watson, who is director of advertising and public relations at Timex Corp in Middlebury, Conneticut. “Most people are afraid of saying ‘no’… My advice is to say ‘yes’ only if you don’t mean ‘no’.”

　　Watson said “no” is the most effective weapon against wasting time. “Every year there are more demands on your time… Other people are happy to use up your time, ” Watson said. Time saving appears to be “no’s” greatest friend.

　　“No” can be your new friend, a powerful tool to take back your life. “No” may even take you further in the business world than “yes”.

　　“No” is power and strength. “No” now seems completely correct. “Saying ‘no’ isn’t easy. But finally it’s greatly liberating,” Charles said. But, he added, a “no” project needs to be worked on every day because it is hard to change long-term habit.

　　But, he also warns: “Don’t go to extremes. Don’t find yourself saying ‘no’ to everything. In return you should learn to hear ‘no’.”

　　1. The sentence “Saying ‘yes’ to yourself” means _______.

　　A. you can have more time to play with others

　　B. you needn’t care about other’s feeling if you are happy

　　C. you are selfish and treat others rudely

　　D. you can deal with your business as you have planned

　　2. When you say “no” to others you should say it in a _______.

　　A. secret way　　　B. polite way

　　C. proud way　　　　　D. guilty way

　　3. In Watson’s opinion, people can save much time on condition that _______.

　　A. they say “no” at a suitable time

　　B. they say “no” as much as possible

　　C. they are afraid of saying “no”

　　D. they make others angry at them

　　4. If a person says “no” to everything, the result he or she receive may be that he or she _______.

　　A. enjoys a wonderful life B. makes a lot of money

　　C. faces difficulty in life　　D. forgets to say “yes” in the end

　　【答案解析】

　　本文說(shuō)明了人們?cè)谏�活中敢于說(shuō)“不”的重要性，同時(shí)也提醒人們應(yīng)注意不要走向極端。

　　1. D。推斷題。根據(jù)Charles 所說(shuō)的 Saying ‘no’ to others means you are saying ‘yes’ to yourself(否定他人就意味著肯定自己)可推知此題答案為D。

　　2. B。推斷題。根據(jù)Susie Watson所說(shuō)的I would rather have someone give me a loving ‘no’ (我倒愿意聽(tīng)一聲有愛(ài)意的否定)可推知此題答案為B。

　　3. A。推斷題。對(duì)文章倒數(shù)第5段最后一句My advice is to say ‘yes’ only if you don’t mean ‘no’.反過(guò)來(lái)理解：只有當(dāng)你不肯定的時(shí)候說(shuō)“不”，可推知此題答案為A。

　　4. C。推斷題。從文章最后一段 Charles 所說(shuō)的 Don’t go to extremes. Don’t find yourself saying ‘no’ to everything 可知，不然的話(huà)就會(huì)遇到麻煩，故此題答案為C。

　　(2)

　　My husband and children think they are very lucky that they are living and that it’s Christmas again. They can’t see that we live on a dirty street in a dirty house among people who aren’t much good. But Johnny and children can’t see this. What a pity it is that our neighbours have to make happiness out of all this dirt. I decided that my children must get out of this. The money that we’ve saved isn’t nearly enough.

　　The McGaritys have money but they are so proud. They look down upon the poor. The McGarity girl just yesterday stood out there in the street eating from a bag of candy(糖果)while a ring of hungry children watched her. I saw those children looking at her and crying in their hearts; and when she couldn’t eat any more she threw the rest down the sewer(下水道). Why, is it only because they have money ? There is more to happiness than money in the world, isn’t there?

　　Miss Jackson who teaches at the Settlement House isn’t rich, but she knows things. She understands people. Her eyes look straight into yours when she talks with you. She can read your mind. I’d like to see the children be like Miss Jackson when they grow up.

　　1. This passage mainly suggests that the writer _______.

　　A. is easy to get along with

　　B. is unhappy with the life they are living

　　C. is good at observing and understanding

　　D. is never pleased with her neigbours

　　2. What do you think of McGarity girl?

　　A. She is proud and hungry.  B. She is selfish and cruel.

　　C. She is lonely and friendless. D. She is unhappy and misunderstood.

　　3. In this text, the writer tries to tell us that _______.

　　A. money is the key to everything

　　B. the more money you have, the less happy you’ll be

　　C. there is something more important than money

　　D. when talking to people we should look into their eyes

　　4. Pick out the one that does NOT describe the writer’s view on money.

　　A. Why, is it only because they have money?

　　B. There is more to happiness than money.

　　C. Miss Jackson isn’t rich, but she knows things.

　　D. The money we saved isn’t nearly enough.

　　【答案解析】

　　本文記述了作者一家所生活的環(huán)境以及作者看到一些現(xiàn)象后產(chǎn)生的感想。

　　1. B。主旨題。文章第1段說(shuō)：他家所住的房子骯臟、街道骯臟，鄰居們以臟取樂(lè)，作者決定他的孩子一定要遠(yuǎn)離這一切，由此可推知此題答案為B。

　　2. B。推斷題。根據(jù)第2段描述：McGarity一個(gè)人在很多小孩面前獨(dú)自吃糖，吃不完時(shí)，把剩余的糖扔進(jìn)下水道，可知此題答案為B。

　　3. C。推斷題。從第2段最后一句：世界上有比錢(qián)更使人幸福的東西；第3段：Miss Jackson教書(shū)，沒(méi)有很多錢(qián)，但知道很多事情而受作者尊敬，可推知此題答案為C。

　　4. D。推斷題。選項(xiàng)A、B、C都是作者對(duì)錢(qián)的看法，而只有選項(xiàng)D是事實(shí)，可推知此題答案為D。

　　(3)

　　How to protect children Web fans from unsuitable material on-line while encouraging them to use the Internet has long been discussed in the U.S.

　　For some parents, the Internet can seem like a jungle, filled with danger for their children. But jungles contain wonders as well as dangers and with good guides, some education, and a few precautions(預(yù)防措施), the wilds of the Internet can be safely navigated(航行). “Kids have to be on-line. If we tell our kids they can’t have access(機(jī)會(huì)) to the Internet, we’re cutting them off from their future,” said an expert.

　　Most kids have started to use search engines. Many of them are great for finding tons of interesting Internet sites, and they can also locate places where you might not want your kids to go. There are search engines designed just for kids. A certain software contains only sites that have been selected as safe. The most popular way to limit access would be to use what is known as a “content screener(過(guò)濾器)”. But this can’t be wholly reliable(可靠), and the best thing parents can do is to talk to their kids and let them know what is OK or not OK to see or do on the Internet. Another way is that mum or dad is nearby when the child is surfing(瀏覽) the Internet.

　　A few other tips

　　●Don’t put the PC in a child’s room but keep it in an area where mum or dad can keep an eye on things. That also makes the Internet more of a family activity.

　　●Ask your child what he or she has been doing and about any friends they make on-line.

　　●Tell your child not to give on-line strangers personal information, especially like address and phone number.

　　●And tell your children never to talk to anyone they meet on-line over the phone, send them anything, accept anything from them or agree to meet with them unless you go along.

　　1. The passage is mainly about the subject of _______.

　　A. American children going on-line  B. Internet in America

　　C. appreciating Internet     D. opposing children’s on-line

　　2. The best way to protect children from improper material is _______.

　　A. to install(安裝) a content screener on the computer

　　B. to buy some search engines for the children

　　C. to be nearby when they are surfing the Internet

　　D. to talk to the children and persuade them to tell right from wrong

　　3. Which of the following is right according to the passage?

　　A. Surfing the Internet is the best method of educating children.

　　B. Children’s not having access to Internet may have effect on their progress.

　　C. Using a content screener is most reliable for keeping children having access to Internet.

　　D. Searching engines can help children to select materials fit for them.

　　4. According to the passage, we can infer that _______.

　　A. soft wares fit for children want programming

　　B. a child who is on-line is in danger

　　C. Internet is a jungle full of danger

　　D. Internet contains a lot of harmful sites

　　【答案解析】

　　本文講述因特網(wǎng)對(duì)孩子既有利也有害，并告訴父母應(yīng)該如何保護(hù)他們的孩子遠(yuǎn)離那些不適合孩子的網(wǎng)絡(luò)資料。

　　1. A。主旨題。文章第1段就是主題句。

　　2. D。判斷題。從第3段倒數(shù)第2句話(huà)…and the best thing parents can do is to talk to their kids and let them know what is OK or not OK to see or do on the Internet可以做出正確判斷。

　　3. B。判斷題。從文章內(nèi)容來(lái)看，A、 C 、D三項(xiàng)明顯與題意不符，而B(niǎo)項(xiàng)內(nèi)容文中的一位專(zhuān)家則說(shuō)過(guò)。

　　4. D。主旨題。從第2段和第3段內(nèi)容可以概括出本文主旨。

　　(4)

　　Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated unfairly? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are you afraid to ask a boy (girl) for a date？

　　Many people are afraid to assert themselves (insist upon their own rights). Dr Robert Alberti, author of Stand Up, Speak Out, and Talk Back, thinks it’s because their self-esteem(自尊) is low. “Our whole set-up makes people doubt themselves,” says Alberti. “There’s always a 'superior' around — a parent, a teacher, a boss — who 'knows better’”.

　　But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help people to assert themselves. They offer “assertiveness training” courses (AT). In the AT courses people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be aggressive(敢闖, 闖勁兒) without hurting other people.

　　In one way, learning to speak out is to overcome fear. A group taking an AT course will help the timid person to lose his fear. But AT uses an even stronger motive—the need to share. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels. AT says you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out.

　　1. In the passage, the writer talks about the problem that _______.

　　A. some people are too easy-going

　　B. some people are too timid

　　C. there are too many superiors around us

　　D. some people dare not stick up for their own rights

　　2. The effect of our set-up on people is often to _______.

　　A. make them distrust their own judgment

　　B. make things more favorable for them

　　C. keep them from speaking out as much as their superiors do

　　D. help them to learn to speak up for their rights

　　3. One thing AT doesn’t do is to _______.

　　A. use the need of people to share

　　B. show people they have the right to be themselves

　　C. help people to be aggressive at anytime even when others suffer

　　D. help people overcome fear

　　【答案解析】

　　人要有主見(jiàn)，要敢表達(dá)出自己的意見(jiàn)，要維護(hù)自己的權(quán)益。

　　1. D。判斷題。自卑的人不敢說(shuō)“不”，也不敢當(dāng)眾發(fā)表自己的意見(jiàn)，那當(dāng)然是失去了自己的權(quán)力。

　　2. A。語(yǔ)義理解題。從第2段第3句話(huà) Our whole set-up makes people doubt themselves 可知答案為A。

　　3. C。語(yǔ)義理解題。從第3段最后一句話(huà)They learn to be aggressive(敢闖, 闖勁兒) without hurting other people 可以做出正確判斷。

　　(5)

　　Many people who work in London prefer to live outside it, and to go in to their offices or schools every day by train, car or bus, even though this means they have to get up early in the morning and reach home late in the evening.

　　One advantage of living outside London is that houses are cheaper. Even a small flat in London without a garden costs quite a lot to rent. With the same money, one can get a little house in the country with a garden of one’s own.

　　Then, in the country one can rest from the noise and hurry of the town. Even though one has to get up earlier and spend more time in trains or buses, one can sleep better at night and during weekends and on summer evenings, one can enjoy the fresh, clean air of the country. If one likes gardens, one can spend one’s free time digging, planting, watering and doing the hundred and one other jobs which are needed in a garden. Then, when the flowers and vegetables come up, one has the reward of one who has shared the secret of Nature.

　　Some people, however, take no interest in country things: for them, happiness lies in the town, with its cinemas and theatres, beautiful shops and busy streets, dance-halls and restaurants. Such people would feel that their life was not worth living if they had to live it outside London. An occasional walk in one of the parks and a fortnight’s (two weeks) visit to the sea every summer is all the country they want: the rest they are quite prepared to leave to those who are glad to get away from London every night.

　　1. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A. People who like country things prefer to live outside the city.

　　B. People who work in London prefer to live in the country.

　　C. Because of certain disadvantages of living outside London, some people who work in London prefer to live inside London.

　　D. Because of certain advantages of living outside London, many people who work in London prefer to live outside London.

　　2. One can use the same money for ________ to buy a little house with a garden in the country.

　　A. getting a small flat with a garden B. having a small flat with a garden

　　C. renting a small flat without a garden D. buying a small flat without a garden

　　3. When the flowers and vegetables in the garden come up, those _______ have the reward of one who has shared the secret of Nature.

　　A. who live in the country

　　B. who have spent time working in the garden

　　C. who have a garden of their own

　　D. who have been digging, planting and watering

　　4. People who think happiness lies in the town would feel that _______ if they had to live it outside London.

　　A. their life was meaningless    B. their life was invaluable

　　C. they didn’t deserve a happy life  D. they were not worthy of their happy life

　　5. The underlined word rest in the last paragraph refers to ________.

　　A. the rest time   B. the rest people

　　C. the rest of the country  D. the rest of the parks and of the sea

　　【答案解析】

　　本文介紹在倫敦工作的人對(duì)是在市里居住還是在鄉(xiāng)下居住所持的不同看法和態(tài)度。

　　1. B。推斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容：雖然有很多喜歡鄉(xiāng)村生活，但文章最后講也有些人喜歡城市生活，從而可推知此題答案為B。

　　2. C。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第2段第二、三句可推知此題答案為C。

　　3. B。推斷題。根據(jù)文章第3段最后兩句可知：要是他喜歡花園，在花園里挖土、種植、澆水等等，那么當(dāng)鮮花和蔬菜生長(zhǎng)起來(lái)的時(shí)候，他就得到了與大自然分享秘密的獎(jiǎng)賞，所以選B。

　　4. A。推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第2句Such people would feel that their life was not worth living if they had to live it outside London可推知此題答案為A。

　　5. C。推斷題。根據(jù)其上文：這些人偶爾去公園散散步后去海邊度兩周假；本句接著說(shuō)：其余的就留給那些每天晚上喜歡離開(kāi)倫敦的人，那么，“其余的”顯然指“其余的鄉(xiāng)村”。從而可推知題答案為C。

　　(6)

　　In every school there is a “top” crowd that sets the pace, while the others follow their lead. Let’s say the top crowd decides that it is smart to wear bright red sweaters. Pretty soon everybody is wearing a bright red sweater.

　　There is nothing wrong with that, except the fact that on some people bright red sweater is extremely unbecoming. The situation can even become dangerous, if the top crowd decides that it is smart to drink or to drive cars at seventy miles an hour. Then the people who follow the lead are endangering their lives. They are like the sheep being led to the butcher.

　　Now, chances are that you have come across situations like these more than once in your life; chances are that one time or another you probably did something you knew to be wrong. You may have excused yourself by saying, “Gee, the crowd does it.” Well, let the crowd do it, but don’t do it yourself. Learn to say, “No.”

　　Develop your own standards and your own judgment. If you know the crowd is planning something you disagree to, have the courage to bow out mannerly. You’ll have the satisfaction of standing on your own two feet.

　　1. Which is the best title for this passage?

　　A. Follow the Lead.      B. Top Crowd.      C. Being Yourself.   D. Bright Red.

　　2. The author doesn’t think it good wearing red sweaters if ________.

　　A. the crowd does it    B. you can’t afford them

　　C. you don’t look good in red  D. the situation isn’t safe

　　3. According to the passage, people who follow the crowd ________.

　　A. sometimes do things against their better judgment

　　B. make mistakes blindly

　　C. are willing to put their lives in danger

　　D. will in the end become pace-setters

　　【答案解析】

　　本文分析了生活中的一種隨主流的現(xiàn)象，并指出了其危害，勸人們凡事應(yīng)自己作主。

　　1. C。主旨題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第1句Develop your own standards and your own judgment及其全文內(nèi)容可推知此題答案為C。

　　2. C。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第2段第1句on some people bright red sweater is extremely unbecoming可推知此題答案為C。

　　3. A。推斷題。根據(jù)文章第3段第1句中的后半部分chances are that one time or another you probably did something you knew to be wrong可推知此題答案為A。

　�。�7）

　　Among various programmes, TV talk shows have covered every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one is different in style(風(fēng)格). But no two shows are more opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows.

　　Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of “rubbish talk”. The contents on his show are as surprising as can be. For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show titles of love, sex, cheating, and hate, to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is about the dark side of society, yet people are willing to eat up the troubles of other people’s lives.

　　Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its top. But Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show is mainly about the improvement of society and different quality(質(zhì)量) of life. Contents are from teaching your children lessons, managing your work week, to getting to know your neighbors.

　　Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being poured into society. Jerry ends every show with a “final word”. He makes a small speech about the entire idea of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable.

　　Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show’s main viewers are middleclass Americans. Most of these people have the time, money, and ability to deal with life’s tough problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of a connection with the young adults of society. These are 18-to-21-year-olds whose main troubles in life include love, relationship, sex, money and drug. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned through the show’s exploitation.

　　1. Compared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey are ____.

　　A. more interesting    B. unusually popular    C. more detailed    D. more formal

　　2. Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear unpleasant, people who watch the shows____.

　　A. remain interested in them  B. are ready to face up to them

　　C. remain cold to them   D. are willing to get away from them

　　3. Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah Winfrey show?

　　A. A new type of robot.   B. Nation hatred.

　　C. Family income planning.  D. Street accident.

　　4. We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows_____.

　　A. have become the only ones of its kind

　　B. exploit the weaknesses in human nature

　　C. appear at different times of the day

　　D. attract different people

　　【答案解析】

　　本文比較了美國(guó)兩位著名的電視談話(huà)節(jié)目主持人的不同主持風(fēng)格。

　　1. B。推斷題。根據(jù)文中的 Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of “rubbish talk” 和 Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its top 兩句可以看出這兩個(gè)電視談話(huà)節(jié)目受到了觀眾不尋常的歡迎。

　　2. A。推斷題。文中的 Clearly, the Jerry Spring show is about the dark side of society, yet people are willing to eat up the troubles of other people’s lives 說(shuō)明觀眾對(duì)于人民生活上的難處還是很感興趣的，因?yàn)樗�確實(shí)比較真實(shí)地反映了人們?nèi)粘Ｉ�活中的�?shí)事，容易引起觀眾的共鳴。

　　3. C。推斷題。文中的 The show is mainly about the improvement of society and different quality(質(zhì)量) of life 說(shuō)明這一檔節(jié)目報(bào)道的都是社會(huì)的正面。而A項(xiàng)是科技報(bào)道，屬不帶感情色彩的客觀報(bào)道。B、D屬負(fù)面的東西，所以此題答案選 C。

　　4. D。推斷題。The show’s main viewers are middleclass Americans 和 Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of a connection with the young adults of society 暗示這兩個(gè)節(jié)目分別適應(yīng)不同年齡、不同層次的觀眾需要。

　　(8)

　　“The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful,” says Plato. Self-control is at the root of all the advantages. Let a man give in to his impulses (沖動(dòng)) and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral (道德上的) freedom.

　　A single angry word has lost many a friend. When Socrates found in himself any temper or anger, he would check it by speaking low in order to control himself. If you are conscious of being angry, keep your mouth shut so that you can hold back rising anger. Many a person has dropped dead in great anger. Fits of anger bring fits of disease. “Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad.” “Keep cool”, says George Herbert, “for fierceness (狂怒) makes error a fault.”

　　To be angry with a weak man is to prove that you are not strong yourself. “Anger,” says Pythagoras, “brings with folly(愚蠢) and ends with regret.” You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him.

　　Self-control is man’s last greatest victory.

　　If a man lacks self-control he seems to lack everything. Without it he can have no patience, no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence, for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling. If he lacks self-control, the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking also.

　　1. What does the reader learn from the first paragraph?

　　A. The greatest victory for a man is to conquer everything except himself.

　　B. One’s moral freedom is based on the control of himself.

　　C. To control oneself is the most difficult in one’s life.

　　D. If a person is too stubborn, he will feel most shameful.

　　2. What is the correct interpretation of “Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad” ?

　　A. If the gods want to kill you, they make you crazy first.

　　B. If you always lose your temper, you will soon be finished.

　　C. If you cannot control yourself, you will become crazy.

　　D. If you are mad, you will be punished by the gods.

　　3. If a man lacks self-control, he lacks all of the following EXCEPT _______.

　　A. the very backbone and nerve of character

　　B. the patience and power to control himself

　　C. strong feelings

　　D. self-confidence

　　4. The author’s main purpose in writing this article is to _______.

　　A. explain that self-control is the key to success

　　B. teach people how to control everything in order to make a great success

　　C. distinguish all kinds of self-control and suggest ways for keeping it

　　D. advise people not to lose temper so as to make and keep more friends

　　【答案解析】

　　本文介紹了自控力在人生中的重要性。

　　1. B。推斷題。根據(jù)第 1 段最后一句“如果一個(gè)人被情感和沖動(dòng)所支配，那么他就放棄了道德上的自由”可推知此題答案為 B。

　　2. B。推斷題。根據(jù)文章第 2 段最后一句 …for fierceness (狂怒) makes error a fault為可推知此題答案為 B。

　　3. C。推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段排除選項(xiàng)A、B、D，可推知此題答案為 C。

　　4. A。主旨題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容及倒數(shù)第2段可推知此題答案為 A。

　　(9)

　　A punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing at the proper time and is never late in keeping an appointment.

　　The unpunctual man, on one hand, never does what he has to do at the proper time. He is always in a hurry and in the end loses both time and his good name. A lost thing may be found again, but lost time can never be regained. Time is more valuable than material things. In fact, time is life itself. The unpunctual man is for ever wasting and mismanaging his most valuable asset (財(cái)產(chǎn)) as well as other’s. The unpunctual person is always complaining that he finds no time to answer letters, or return calls or keep appointments promptly. But the man who really has a great deal to do is very careful of his time and seldom complains of want of it. He knows that he can not get through his huge amount of work unless he faithfully keeps every piece of work when it has to be attended to.

　　Failure to be punctual in keeping one’s appointments is the sign of disrespect towards others. If a person is invited to dinner and arrives later than the appointed time, he keeps all the other guests waiting for him. Usually this will be regarded as a great disrespect to the host and all other guests present.

　　Unpunctuality, moreover, is very harmful when it comes to do one’s duty, whether public or private. Imagine how it would be if those who are put in charge of important tasks failed to be at their proper place at the appointed time. A man who is known to be habitually unpunctual is never trusted by his friends or fellow men.

　　1. What does the author think is the main difference between a punctual person and an unpunctual person?

　　A. A punctual person does everything ahead of time while an unpunctual person does everything behind schedule.

　　B. A punctual person does everything at the right time while an unpunctual person seldom does anything at the correct time.

　　C. A punctual person has a lot of appointments while an unpunctual person has few appointments.

　　D. A punctual person has much time to do everything while an unpunctual person has little time to do anything.

　　2. According to the passage, the main reason that a person is always unpunctual is that _______.

　　A. he has more work to do than other people

　　B. he is always in a hurry when he works

　　C. he doesn’t care much about time

　　D. he always mismanages and wastes his time

　　3. According to the third paragraph, when you are invited to dinner, you should arrive there _______.

　　A. after other guests have arrived

　　B. before all other guests

　　C. at the appointed time

　　D. after the host has got things ready

　　4. Which of the following statements best describes the harm of unpunctuality?

　　A. If you are an unpunctual person, you cannot be in charge of any important task.

　　B. If your friends know that you are unpunctual, they may not see you again.

　　C. Unpunctuality may bring about heavy losses for both public and private affairs.

　　D. Unpunctuality may make you miss a lot of appointments and lose friends.

　　【答案解析】

　　本文論述了守時(shí)的重要性。

　　1. B。推斷題。根據(jù)文章第 1 段及第 2 段第 1 句可推知此題答案為 B。

　　2. D。推斷題。根據(jù)文章第2段第5句 The unpunctual man is for ever wasting and mismanaging his most valuable asset (財(cái)產(chǎn)) as well as other’s 可推知此題答案為 D。

　　3. C。推斷題。根據(jù)文章第 3 段第 1 句 Failure to be punctual in keeping one’s appointments is sign of disrespect towards others 及后面的內(nèi)容可推知此題答案為 C。

　　4. C。推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段可推知此題答案為 C。

　　(10)

　　Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes addict,” he jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.” Today David wears casual clothes-khaki pants and sports shirt-to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie. “I’m working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.”

　　More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work in the United States. The change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday(but only on Friday). This became known as “dress-down Friday” of “casual Friday”. “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” said business consultant Maisly Jones.

　　Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes? One reason is that it’s easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code. “A lot of young people don’t want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a software company, “so it’s hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code.” Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. In a study conducted by Levi Strauss and Company, 85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale. Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative impact on productivity. Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money. “Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,” one person said. “For the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.”

　　1. David Smith refers to himself as having been “a clothes addict,” because _______.

　　A. he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirt

　　B. he couldn’t stand a clean appearance

　　C. he wanted his clothes to look neat all the time

　　D. he didn’t want to spend much money on clothes

　　2. David Smith wears casual clothes now, because _______.

　　A. they make him feel at ease when working

　　B. he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes

　　C. he looks handsome in casual clothes

　　D. he no longer works for any company

　　3. According to this passage, which of the following statements is false?

　　A. Many employees don’t like a conservative dress code.

　　B. Comfortable clothes make employees more productive.

　　C. A casual clothes code is welcomed by young employees.

　　D. All the employers in the U. S. are for casual office wear.

　　4. According to this passage, which of the following statements is true?

　　A. Company workers started to dress down about twenty years ago.

　　B. Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 1990s.

　　C. “Dress-down Friday” was first given as a favor from employers.

　　D. Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.

　　5. In this passage, the following advantages of casual office wear are mentioned in the passage except _______.

　　A. saving employees’ money

　　B. making employees more attractive

　　C. improving employees’ motivation

　　D. making employees happier

　　【答案解釋】

　　從20世紀(jì)90年代起，美國(guó)許多公司開(kāi)始允許員工星期五可以不統(tǒng)一著裝上班�，F(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的公司許可領(lǐng)員工穿便裝上班了，這對(duì)調(diào)節(jié)他們的心情，調(diào)動(dòng)其工作熱情有一定的作用。

　　1. C。語(yǔ)義理解題。大衛(wèi)自嘲以前是服裝愛(ài)好者，衣服一起皺，他就得換上備穿的服裝。

　　2. A。語(yǔ)義理解題。從第 1 段最后一句話(huà) “I’m working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.” 可找到答案。

　　3. D。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的 Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative impact on productivity 可知還有一些雇主不贊同穿便裝上班。

　　4. C。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。從第 2 段最后 1 句 “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” 可以做出正確判斷。

　　5. B。推斷題。通讀最后一段可知選項(xiàng)A(為雇員省錢(qián))、B(提高雇員的工作熱情)、D(使雇主高興)在原文中均被提到，只有A未被提到。

　　(11)

　　Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human conditions is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful(有壓力的) conditions. Social support makes up of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to deal with major life changes and daily problems. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over types of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.

　　Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Taking part in free-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting(轉(zhuǎn)移注意力) us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support — money aid, material resources, and needed services — that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems.

　　1. Interpersonal relationships are important because they can _______.

　　A. make people live more easily

　　B. smooth away daily problems

　　C. deal with life changes

　　D. cure types of illnesses

　　2. The researches show that people's physical and mental health _______.

　　A. lies in the social medical care systems which support them

　　B. has much to do with the amount of support they get from others

　　C. depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles

　　D. is related to their courage for dealing with major life changes

　　3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “cushions” ?

　　A. takes place of     B. makes up of

　　C. lessens the effect of    D. gets rid of

　　4. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work in spare time is an example of _______.

　　A. instrumental support    B. informational support

　　C. social companionship    D. the strengthening of self-respect

　　5. What is the subject discussed in the text?

　　A. Interpersonal relationships.  B. Kinds of social support.

　　C. Ways to deal with stress.   D. Effects of stressful conditions.

　　【答案解釋】

　　現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中的人們各方面的壓力很大，所以融洽的人際關(guān)系顯得很重要。它可以緩解部分壓力，增加信息，幫助解決一些日常困難。

　　1. A。主旨題。雖然選項(xiàng)B、C、D的內(nèi)容在文章中都談到了，但選項(xiàng)A更全面。另一方面，根據(jù)文章第1段的第1句也可推知答案為A。

　　2. B。判斷題。從第 1 段的最后一句話(huà)可以做出正確判斷。

　　3. C。語(yǔ)義猜測(cè)題。文章第2段告訴我們?nèi)伺c人之間互相支持和幫助可以從幾個(gè)方面緩解人的壓力。注意文章最后一句中的 reduce 與選項(xiàng)C中的 lessen 大致同義。

　　4. C。細(xì)節(jié)題。從文章第 2 段內(nèi)容，采用排除法，可以得知答案為 C。

　　5. A。主旨題。通讀全文可知答案。

　　(12)

　　LONDON — Life for Cathy Hagner and her three children is set to permanent(永久的) fast-forward.

　　Their full school day and her job as a lawyer's assistant are busy enough. But Hanger also has to take the two boys to soccer or hockey or basketball while dropping off her daughter at piano lessons or Girl Scout Club.

　　Often, the exhausted family doesn't get home until 7 pm. There is just time for a quick supper before homework. In today's world, middle-class American and British parents treat their children as if they are competitors racing for some finishing line.

　　Parents take their children from activity to activity in order to make their future bright. It seems that raising a genius has become a more important goal than raising a happy and well-balanced child.

　　“Doctors across the country are reporting a growing number of children suffering from stomachaches and headaches due to exhaustion and stress,” says child expert William Doherty of the University of Minnesota.

　　Teachers are dealing with exhausted kids in the classroom. It's a very serious problem. Many children attend after-school clubs by necessity. But competitive pressures also create an explosion of activities. They include sports, language, music and math classes for children as young as four.

　　“There is a new parenting trend(趨勢(shì)) under way which says that you have to tap all your child’s potential(潛能) at a young age; otherwise you will let him down,” says Terry Apter, a Cambridge-based child and adolescent psychiatrist(青少年精神病專(zhuān)家).

　　“It isn't entirely new: there have always been pushy parents. But what was previously(以前) seen as strange behaviour is now well accepted.”

　　1. From the second paragraph of this passage we can find that _______.

　　A. Hagner wastes much time helping her children's lessons

　　B. Hagner doesn't spend much time on her full-time job

　　C. Hagner is interested in sports and music

　　D. Hagner busies herself by following a trend

　　2. British parents, as the writer described in this passage, _______.

　　A. treat their children as sports players

　　B. pay no attention to their children's lessons

　　C. bring up their children in a simple way

　　D. give their children little time to develop freely

　　3. The writer's opinion about after-school clubs is that ________.

　　A. activities in the country are too competitive

　　B. children should attend four clubs at a time

　　C. some clubs result in competitive pressures

　　D. clubs should have more subjects for school children

　　4. The last paragraph tells us that in Britain _______.

　　A. parents used to take their children to every club

　　B. parents used to be wise on how to raise children

　　C. parents have all benefited from children’s clubs

　　D. parents have come to know the standard of education

　　【答案解析】

　　現(xiàn)在的英、美中產(chǎn)家庭的父母親讓孩子們參加各種課外俱樂(lè)部，學(xué)習(xí)體育、語(yǔ)言、音樂(lè)、數(shù)學(xué)等，把孩子們變成了學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)器。

　　1. D。語(yǔ)義理解題。因?yàn)榈?2 段就是第 1 段內(nèi)容的具體化。

　　2. D。判斷題。從文章內(nèi)容可以看出，在英國(guó)，孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)校已經(jīng)夠累了，回到家里，父母親還要他們參加課外俱樂(lè)部的一個(gè)又一個(gè)活動(dòng)，孩子們自己發(fā)展的空間當(dāng)然沒(méi)有了。

　　3. C。判斷題。第 6 段第 4 句話(huà) But competitive pressures also create an explosion of activities 把俱樂(lè)部不好的作用講得清楚明了。

　　4. B。判斷題。從本段第 2 句話(huà) But what was previously(以前) seen as strange behaviour is now well accepted 可以判斷出，在英國(guó)，過(guò)去家長(zhǎng)們是知道怎樣教育孩子們的。

　　(13)

　　There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other comforts of life, one becomes happy and the other becomes unhappy. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, events and the resulting effects upon their minds.

　　People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things: the pleasant parts of conversation, the well prepared dishes, the goodness of the wine and the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things. Therefore, they are continually dissatisfied. By their remarks, they sour the pleasure of society, offend(hurt) many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind was founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The intention of criticizing(批評(píng)) and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation(模仿). It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes. I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit.

　　Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend many others; nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at getting some advantages in social position or fortune, nobody wishes them success. Nor will anyone start a step or speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves public objections, no one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to criticize their wrongdoings. These should change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and others. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact(接觸) with them. Otherwise, it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels.

　　1. People who are unhappy _______.

　　A. always consider things differently from others

　　B. usually are affected by the results of certain things

　　C. usually misunderstand what others think or say

　　D. always discover the unpleasant side of certain things

　　2. The phrase “sour the pleasure of society” most nearly means “_______”.

　　A. have a good taste with social life  B. make others unhappy

　　C. tend so scold others openly    D. enjoy the pleasure of life

　　3. We can conclude from the passage that _______.

　　A. we should pity all such unhappy people

　　B. such unhappy people are dangerous to social life

　　C. people can get rid of the habit of unhappiness

　　D. unhappy people can not understand happy persons

　　4. If such unhappy persons insist on keeping the habit, the author suggests that people should _______.

　　A. prevent any communication with them

　　B. show no respect and politeness to them

　　C. persuade them to recognize the bad effects

　　D. quarrel with them until they realize the mistakes

　　5. In this passage, the writer mainly _______.

　　A. describes two types of people

　　B. laughs at the unhappy people

　　C. suggests the unhappy people should get rid of the habits of unhappiness

　　D. tells people how to be happy in life

　　【答案解析】

　　生活中有些人擁有相等的健康、財(cái)富和生活條件，但由于考慮事情、人物、事件的角度不同，一些人感到幸福，而另一些人則感到不幸福。由于這些不幸福的人處處冒犯別人，其結(jié)果只能是處于被孤立的境地。

　　1. D。判斷題。從第 2 段第 4 句話(huà)Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things 可以看出另一些人為什么感到不幸福的原因。

　　2. B。詞義猜測(cè)題。從該短語(yǔ)后的…offend (hurt) many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere 可以猜出 “sour the pleasure of society” 的正確含義。

　　3. C。判斷題。從第 2 段中倒數(shù)第 2 句話(huà)The habit may be strong, but it may be cured可以判斷出人們可以改變不幸福的脾性。

　　4. A。判斷題。從第 3 段中的倒數(shù)第 2 句話(huà)If they do not(change this bad habit), it will be good for others to avoid any contact(接觸) with them 可以看出作者的態(tài)度。

　　5. C。主旨題。本文主要講的是那些感覺(jué)不幸福的人處處冒犯別人，若長(zhǎng)期以往，則只能處于被孤立的境地，所以他們應(yīng)改變自己的習(xí)慣。

　　(14)

　　Traveling can be a way to gain life experiences, especially during Spring Break — a week long school vacation in the United States. But what if you’re a student and don’t have enough money for a trip? Don’t worry. Here are some useful suggestions.

　　●Save: This probably is the most important preparation for traveling. Cut expenses to fatten your wallet so you’ll have more choices about where to go and how to get there.

　　●Plan ahead: Don’t wait until the last minute to plan your trip. Tickets may cost more when bought on short notice. Giving yourself several months to get ready can mean security(安全) and savings.

　　●Do your homework: No matter where you go, research the places you will visit. Decide what to see. Travel books will provide information on the cheapest hotels and restaurants.

　　●Plan sensibly: Write down what you expect to spend for food and hotels. Stick to your plan or you may not have enough money to cover everything.

　　●Travel in groups: Find someone who is interested in visiting the same places. By traveling with others you can share costs and experiences.

　　●Work as you go: Need more money to support your trip? Look for work in the places you visit.

　　●Go off the beaten path: Tourist cities may be expensive. You may want to rethink your trip and go to a lesser-known area. Smaller towns can have many interesting activities and sights.

　　●Pack necessary things: The most important things to take are not always clothes: Remember medicine in case you get sick and snacks in case you cannot find a cheap restaurant.

　　●Use the Internet: The Net can help to save money. Some useful websites include www. Travelocity. com, www. bargains-lowest fare. com and www. Economic travel. com.

　　By planning sensibly, even students can enjoy the travel. Your travel experiences will be remembered for a lifetime.

　　1. This passage is about _______.

　　A. how to plan your travel   B. how to travel with enough money

　　C. how to make your travel interesting D. how to get life experiences

　　2. Before your trip, the first thing you should do is _______.

　　A. to make a plan of the route   B. to get information in the Internet

　　C. to save money by spending less  D. to buy tickets in advance

　　3. The writer advises you _______.

　　A. to share costs with any other people  B. not to go to well-known places

　　C. not to visit dangerous places   D. to buy anything you want to buy

　　4. During your trip, _______.

　　A. you need more shoes than clothes

　　B. you shouldn’t look for work all the way

　　C. you can gain valuable life experiences

　　D. you should forget to do your homework

　　【答案解析】

　　本文是對(duì)學(xué)生計(jì)劃旅行所作準(zhǔn)備提出的建議。

　　1. A。主旨題。根據(jù)第1段最后句及全文的內(nèi)容可推知此題答案為A。

　　2. C。推斷題。根據(jù)第1則建議可推知此題答案為C。

　　3. B。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第7則建議可推知此題答案為B。

　　4. C。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章的首句和尾句可知此題答案為C。