高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解

　　《【命題趨向】

　　2007年高考閱讀試題的命題方式和去年基本保持一致。閱讀理解題型為：主旨大意題；分析推理題；細節(jié)理解題；猜測詞義題；以細節(jié)判斷試題為主。通過捕捉細節(jié)、 分析細節(jié)、 歸納正確答案。閱讀材料的選擇盡量作到體裁分布均勻，題材多樣，語言地道，材料多為最近幾年國內(nèi)外報刊，雜志上的具有時代性的原汁原味的文章。閱讀文理解試題一般有記敘文，議論文，說明文和應(yīng)用文，題材涉及廣 。試題難度適中，試卷包括難題 中等和容易試題。中等為主 、體現(xiàn)了大綱的要求。

　　【例題解析】

　　事實細節(jié)理解：細節(jié)試題答案與原文相關(guān)聯(lián)，在文中能直接找到答案。命題多與特殊問句、是非題，數(shù)字題有關(guān)。

　　Secretary .Part time .20 hours a week .Busy doctor`s office .Experience preferred .Good typing .Call 555-2438

　　BABY SITTER 3 to 6 weekday afternoons .I will take you home .$ 5 an hour ,call 555-5593 .

　　Guitar lessons .Your home or mine .Experienced musician .Master`s degree in music  Call Louise 555-6131 .

　　TENTH STREET BLOCK PARTY .July 15 .Noon to 8 .Food ,games ,prizes, live band .Tenth Street between Main and North .

　　APARTMENT FOR RENT.3 sunny rooms on high floor ,great view .Separate kitchen .Wall-to-wall carpeting .The living room can be used as dining room .Email :SDGT@163.com.cn

　　TAXI DRIVER WANTED. Full or part time .Experience necessary .A good knowledge of the city is required. Call 555—8860 between 9 am and 5 pm weekdays .

　　A stereo system for sale .It has two speakers .The system has AM/FM radio .It also has a tape deck and turntable .It is in good condition .The stereo was owned for only one year .The price is $ 200 including the speakers .The owner will also take the highest price offered if the asking price is not met .Call Bill after 6 pm at 555-9834 .

　　數(shù)字細節(jié)題：這類考查的是學(xué)生對文中提供的數(shù)據(jù)與文中其他信息的關(guān)系的理解及加工的能力。

　　How many of the seven ads are placed by people who want to hire someone for a certain job ?

　　Four B.Three C.Two D.Five

　　答案：B. 解析：根據(jù)第一、二 、六段開頭的信息，可知有三個廣告招聘人。

　　正誤細節(jié)試題：試題結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

　　1.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage ?

　　2.Which of the following could Not expected .

　　3.Which of the following is true ?

　　4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the second paragraph ?

　　Which of the following is true ?

　　A.Those who have some experience in office work will have a better chance to get the job of secretary .

　　B.The owner of the stereo will never sell his stereo at a price less than $ 200.

　　C.The taxi driver is not not necessarily familiar with the city .

　　D.The tenth street block party will last until after 8

　　答案：A. 解析：根據(jù)廣告1中的Experience preferred。廣告6中Experience necessary，可知答案A是真實的。根據(jù)廣告7中The price is $ 200 including the speakers .The owner will also take the highest price offered if the asking price is not met .�？芍�道B 不真實。根據(jù)廣告6中，A good knowledge of the city is required.可知C不真實。根據(jù)廣告4中，是十點到八點，故此。D 不真實。

　　主旨大意題：此題考查學(xué)生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力。出試題的模式多為：

　　1.Which of the following would be the best title ?

　　2.The passage is mainly about _____.

　　3.The writer`s purpose is that _____.

　　4.The main idea of the article is ____.

　　5.From the passage we learn that ______.

　　6.The key point of the passage is ___.

　　7.The article mainly tells us about ____.

　　8.In the passage the writer argues that ____.

　　說明文一般有主題句，所以尋找主題句顯得尤其重要，一般主題句在句首，有時候在句末。有時候，有的說明文、議論文的主題句要通過每段的主題句歸納得出。

　　If you are like most students ,you probably read both at home and outside your home: perhaps somewhere on your school yard and maybe even at work during your breaks .Your reading environment can have a great effect on your understanding ,so you give some thought to how you can create or choose the right reading environments .The environment allows to stay alter and to keep all of your attention on the text ,especially when it is both interesting and difficult .

　　When you are at home ,you can usually create effective conditions for reading .You might want to choose a particular place –a desk or table ,for example –where you always read .Make sure the place you choose is well lighted ,and sit in a chair that requires you to sit straight .Reading in a chair that`s too soft and comfortable is likely you make you sleepy!Keep your active reading tools (pens ,markers ,notebooks or paper )and a dictionary close at hand .

　　Before you sit down for a reading period ,try to reduce all possible interruptions.Turn off your phone ,the television ,and the radio .tell your family members or roommates that you will be busy for a while .If necessary ,put a “Do not disturb ” sign on your door!The more interruptions you must deal with while you read ,the harder it will be to keep your attention on the task at hand .

　　What would be the best title for the text ?

　　What to Read  B.The Ways to Reduce Possible Interruptions

　　C  Creating an Effective Reading Environment

　　D.  How to Read Fast

　　答案：C 解析：本文是說明文，主題句是第一段第二句。意思是怎樣創(chuàng)設(shè)良好的閱讀環(huán)境。

　　推斷試題：這類題主要考查學(xué)生對文章句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系的理解，如何推測文章表面信息的深層含義、判斷作者的意圖、態(tài)度、觀點、語氣.這類試題的結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

　　*The passage is probably written for __________.

　　*What is implied but not stated ?

　　*The paragraph is probably taken from ____

　　* It can be inferred in the story that ______.

　　*The writer implied that ___________.

　　*What`s the writer`s attitude towards ______?

　　*What can be concluded from the passage ?

　　*What is the writer`s purpose ?

　　*From the passage we can draw a conclusion that _____.

　　Our village carpenter ,John Hill,came one day and made a dining table for my wife .He made it just the right size to fill the space between the two windows .When I got home that evening ,John was drinking a cup of tea and writing out his bill for the job .

　　My wife said to me quietly ,“It is ninth cup of tea today .”But she said in a loud voice ,

　　“It is a beautiful table ,dear ,isn`t it ?”

　　“I`ll decided about that when I see the bill ”I read :

　　One dining table ,10 November ,1989.

　　Cost of wood :$ 17.00

　　Paint :$ 1.50

　　Work:8 hours ($1 an hour) $ 8.00

　　Total :$36.50

　　When I was looking at the bill ,John said ,“It is been a fine day ,hasn`t it ? Quite sunny. ”

　　“Yes”I said “I`m glad it is only the 10th of November.”

　　“Me ,too” said John ,“You wait .It`ll be a lot colder by the end of the month ”

　　“yes ,colder …and more expensive ! Dining tables will be be $ 20 more expensive on November 30th ,won`t they ,John ?”

　　John looked hard at me for half a minute .Was there a little smile in his two blue eyes ?I gave his bill back to him .

　　“If it isn`t too much trouble ,John ,”I said ,“please add it up again and you can forget the date .”

　　I paid him $ 26.50 and he was happy to get it .

　　1．Why did John talk about the weather when the writer was looking at the bill ?

　　Because he didn`t want the writer to go through the bill carefully .

　　Because it was really a fine day

　　Because he wanted the writer to check the bill carefully

　　Because he wanted to tell the writer what the weather was like .

　　答案：A解析：本題是推斷試題，根據(jù)上下文語境，John 故意分散作者注意力，使作者不能仔細查帳目。

　　2．From the story we know that ____.

　　A.John made a mistake in the bill

　　B.John tried to fool the writer in order to get more money for his work .

　　C.John had written out the bill before the writer got home .

　　D.John still wanted to get $ 36.50 for his work in the end .

　　答案：B解析：本題是推斷判斷題,根據(jù)上下文，作者查帳，John故意說話，是要愚弄作者。

　　猜測詞義：根據(jù)上下文或句子意思猜測單詞或短語的意思。試題結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

　　*The word “…”in the first paragraph probably means ___.

　　*The underlined phrase “…”in the article probably means ____.

　　*The word “it”in the last paragraph refers to ____.

　　*In line 6 ,the word “…”could best be replaced by ____.

　　*“…”is a synonym for ____.

　　LONDON Thursday July 26 (Reuters)---Eddy missed his girlfriend Anna so much he flew back to Britain from Australia to propose to her .The problem is she did the same in the opposite direction.

　　He and Anna even managed to miss each other when they sat in the same airport waiting room in Singapore at the same time to wait for connecting flights .

　　….

　　The underlined word “miss”in paragraph 2 most probably means _____.

　　A .fail to meet B. fail to understand C. escape from D long to see

　　答案：A 解析：根據(jù)第二段可知，他們在同一個候機室，可沒看見彼此。

　　【專題訓(xùn)練與高考預(yù)測】

　　A

　　Grown-ups know that people and objects are solid. At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air. But does a baby have this understanding?

　　To see whether babies know objects are solid. T. Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion(視覺影像)of a hanging ball. His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could be expected to show surprised in their faces and movements, All the 16 to 24-week-old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there.

　　Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?

　　Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old. In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen. When 16-week-old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to re-appear. If the experiment took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence. But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case. The re-searcher substituted(替換) a ball for the train when it went behind the screen. The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train. But the 16-week-old babies did not seem to notice the switch(更換).Thus,the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of “something permanence,” while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object.

　　1.The passage is mainly about         .

　　A.babies’sense of sight

　　B.effects of experiments on babies

　　C.babies’understanding of objects

　　D.different tests on babies’feelings

　　2.In Paragraph 3, “object permanence” means that when out of sight ,and object            .

　　A.still exists  B.keeps its shape  C.still stays solid

　　D.is beyond reach

　　3.What did Bower use in his experiments?

　　A.A chair     B.A screen    C.A film     D.A box

　　4. 39.Which of the following statements is true?

　　A.The babies didn’t have a sense of direction.

　　B.The older babies preferred toy trains to balls.

　　C. The younger babies liked looking for missing objects

　　D.The babies couldn’t tell a ball from its optical illu-sion.

　　B

　　The Three Gorges (三峽)Dam, the largest dam in the world ,is also the largest engineering project on the face of the earth. It aims to make the mother of all floods, the Changjiang River, into a tame river and it will be the largest power source for much of eastern and central China.It will create a huge, deep-water lake, and make it possible for 10,000 ton ocean going ships to sail 15,000 miles inland from the Pacific to the city of Chongqing with its 30 million people, making it the word’s largest river port.

　　Construction has already started. The dam will be a-bout 6,860 feet long and 611 feet high, at a spot called Sandouping near Yichang.

　　After many years of investigation(調(diào)研)experts have drawn a conclusion that this grand project will do a great deal of good. The most important thing is flood control .By building a dam instead of new coal plants to meet its growing demand for electricity, China will give off much less poisonous gases into the air.

　　However, some scientists don’t agree to the project. They say that Chongqing and dozens of other cities along the river will put much waste into the reservoir(水庫),which can do harm to people, fish and other living things that depend on the river. Sedimentation(沉積)and damage of a breach (決口)are problems,too.

　　The Three Gorges Dam could be considered, when it is finished in 2009,a new eighth wonder of the world as to the size alone.

　　5. Which is not the purpose to build such a huge dam?

　　A.To make electricity.          B.To prevent floods.

　　C.To improve navigation(運輸)   D.To make it a wonder.

　　6. Where does the dam lie ?

　　A.Near Chongqing.    B.Near Yichang.

　　C.In the Three Gorges   D.In Wuhan.

　　7. It will take about             to complete the dam.

　　A.eight years   B.more than ten years

　　C.half a century         D.more than twenty years.

　　8. Some scientists fear that           .

　　A.when the dam is built, the balance of nature may be destroyed

　　B. sedimentation may occur

　　C.a breach may cause millions of people to die or to be homeless

　　D.electricity will not be as much as expected

　　9. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT right?

　　A.When finished, the dam will be one of the main bases of power source of China.

　　B.People have different ideas about the setting up of the dam

　　C.It will take many years to build the dam because people want to see whether it will be safe and strong enough.

　　D.Chongqing will become the largest river port in the world when the dam is finished.

　　C

　　Foreigners are likely to acquire(獲得)more investment opportunities in china since the central government has passed a fresh regulation to Tuesday to attract foreign capital(資本)

　　The regulation, which will take effect on April 1, out-lines how china will expand co-owned enterprises re-form(企業(yè)改革)

　　According to the regulation, overseas investors are expected to become shareholders in the key state-owned enterprises. Overseas investors will even  allowed to hold the controlling stake(控股)in the large state-owned enterprises, except for those of key importance to national or economic security.

　　“China’s WTO membership has reduced the risks and costs for foreign investors, and more capital and advanced techniques and expert knowledge or skill are expected to flown in,”an official said.

　　In particular, the new regulation appeals(makes an ear-nest request) for capital for agricultural technology, transportation, energy and new material industry, The service industry, including banking, will gradually become another focal point of co-operation.

　　The country hopes foreign investors start businesses in the western regions, where they will enjoy more favourable taxation policies for the nest 10years.

　　10.A great deal of foreign capital has come to china because        .

　　A  the foreign investors have too much money

　　B  there are too many enterprises in china

　　C  China is a large country

　　D  China’s reform will bring great benefit to the foreign investors

　　11.If foreign investors start their business in the west-ern regions, they will         .

　　A pay more taxes     B lose more benefit     C offer more taxes  D gain more advantages

　　12.which of the following statements is Not true?

　　A.Foreign capital is appealed for to develop the new material industry.

　　B.Foreign capital is appealed to take part in China’

　　C.Foreigners are encouraged to take part in China’s enterprises reform.

　　D.Foreign investors can hold the controlling stake of all the large state-owned enterprises.

　　13.From the passage we can infer that china’s service industry will    in future.’

　　A fall behind others   B. develop at the same speed as now C.be developed rapidly D.continue co-operation with foreigners

　　D.

　　Mrs Keller had a big family .Her husband had a factory in the town .One of her sons was a lawyers and the other two were drivers .And her two daughters worked in the post office .The old woman stayed at home and could do all housework and wouldn`t employ anybody .

　　One evening ,the telephone rang while the old woman was preparing supper .She went to answer it .She was told that one of her sons died in a traffic accident .She heard this and fell in a faint .When she came back to life ,she was in hospital .And she needed to be helped after that .

　　Several months later she was told on the telephone her daughter died while she was being operated on .The old woman was so sad that she had to be in hospital again .From then on she was afraid to answer any telephones and sometimes she was afraid hear the bell .Of course it brought them some trouble and some important business was held up .So her husband advised her to see a psychiatrist .The man examined her carefully and then asked her some questions .

　　“You will soon be all right if you follow my advice ,Mrs Keller”said the psychiatrist.

　　The old woman took the medicine the doctor gave on time and tried to forget her dead son and daughter .And two months later she went to see the psychiatrist again .

　　“You have saved me ,Doctor ,”the old woman said ,as soon as she saw him .

　　“Are you afraid to answer the telephone now ?”

　　“No,”answered Keller .

　　“I dare answer it whether it rings or not ”

　　14.Mrs Keller could do all housework because ______.

　　A.she had no money to employ a helper .

　　B.she was strong enough to do all at home

　　C.she didn`t believe anybody

　　D.only she was free at home

　　15.The old woman fell in a faint because _____

　　A.she went to answer the telephone.

　　B.she was very ill that evening

　　C.she walked in the room carelessly

　　D.she heard the news about her son`s death.

　　16.After she came out of hospital ,Mrs Keller wasn`t ___as before .

　　A.strong B.able C.clever D.sad

　　17.___made the old woman not answer the telephone.

　　A.The doctor`s advice B.Her husband`s suggestion

　　C.Her poor health  D.The two pieces of bad news

　　E

　　London ---“Everyone has one !” Lucy declared to her parents ,trying to get a cell-phone as a gift for her 14th birthday .Her parents gave in .

　　Curious  to know how her daughter would use the phone ,Jane Bidder ,the mother ,followed Lucy to the school bus in the morning .The bus eats 20,of whom half have a cell-phone .One rings and several adolescent owners feel in their bags .

　　Many parents have just realize that the cell-phone is no longer only for traveling businessmen—it is as likely to be found in school bags .

　　The cell-phone seems to have become something essential for today`s teens in Britain ,according to a survey published last week ,by NOP ,a leading market research company in Britain .Research found that 66 percent of 16-year-olds now have access to a cell-phone .

　　The cell-phone has been turned into a secret messaging service by teen-users .When they are talking on the cell-phone ,their parents are not able to eavesdrop on the second line .

　　The interviews with 2,019 young people aged 7 to 16 found that they favor the text massaging services because they offer a secret way of keeping in touch .The days of secret notes in the classroom are dying out .

　　For example ,“cya” means “see you”; “lol” means “laugh out loud ”;and “2nite”is an abbreviation of “tonight”.All these are based on shorthand phrases used on the Internet .

　　Many schools have banned students using cell-phones .But they are not very successful .Still phones ring in the class and disturb study .

　　Besides ,people are worried about the health risk to kids using cell-phone radiation .

　　18.The story of Lucy to show us ____.

　　A.British parents meet their children `s needs whatever they are .

　　B.British kids have good relationships with their parents .

　　C.how British parents accept the truth of teenagers owning a cell-phone .

　　D.why every child gets a cell-phone as a birthday present in UK.

　　19.What would be the best title for this news story ?

　　A.School bans cell-phones

　　B.Parents` curiosity about children using cellphones.

　　C.Cell-phone popularity among UK teens

　　D.Secret messages popular among kids in UK.

　　20.Interview discover children like sending messages instead of _____.

　　A.calling each other

　　B.writing notes to each other

　　C.playing games online

　　D.greeting each other

　　【參考答案】

　　A

　　本文是一篇科普短文，大意是通過實驗研究兒童是否知道物體是固體，具有物體持久性的感覺，研究表明，16周到24周的嬰兒都知道物體是有形的固體，然而第一項研究表明只有18周以上的嬰兒才對某個特定的物體的認(rèn)識具有持久性。

　　1.解析  本題考查主旨大意的把握能力。本文通過科學(xué)家的研究和對研究結(jié)果的解釋，旨在說明嬰兒對物體的理解。答案：C

　　2.解析  本題考查詞義理解能力。通過對第二項研究情況的閱讀和第三段的解釋得知“object permanence”意思是“物體依然存在”。答案：A

　　3.解析  本題考查細節(jié)理解能力。第二段和第四段中所述的Bower的兩個實驗中都用到了screen. 答案：B

　　4.解析 本題考查證誤判斷能力。第二段中所述實驗情況表明：嬰兒伸手去摸屏幕上的影像，說明他們事先不能區(qū)分一個真正的球和影像的區(qū)別。答案：D

　　B

　　5.解析  三峽大壩建成后可能成為第八大奇跡，但這并不是修大壩的目的，而A、B、C項的內(nèi)容從文中可看出都是建大壩的目的。答案 D

　　6.解析  從文中的直接信息可知三峽大壩位于宜昌附近的三斗坪。

　　7.解析 文中有明確信息，三峽大責(zé)的修建工程已經(jīng)開始，并將于2009年工程全面竣工，因此整個大壩的修建工程將歷時16年。即使不知道大壩開工的具體時間，也應(yīng)該知道是九十年代，至少不是8年，而C、D明顯不符。答案B

　　8.并非所有的科學(xué)家都贊同修大壩，他們擔(dān)心沿長江城市會往水庫排廢物，而傷害到人、魚及其他生物造成生態(tài)平衡破壞。B、C內(nèi)容在文中都有出現(xiàn)，但都不全。答案A

　　9.C項的內(nèi)容顯然與文章和客觀情況不符大壩不可能邊修邊看值不值得修。

　　C

　　10.推理題。首先中國政府給外資提供了越來越多的投資機會，同時如文章所說“China’s WTO membership has reduced the risks and costs for foreign investors”中國入世后給外國投資者降低了風(fēng)險、降低了費用。這就是給他們的利益。答案D。

　　11.推理題。由于中國正在對西部進行開發(fā)，如果外國投資者去西部地區(qū)投資，機會肯定會更多，其他幾個選項與文章和題意都不符。答案D

　　12.細節(jié)題。文章第三段說“Overseas investors will even be allowed to hold the controlling stake in the large state-owned enterprises, except for those of key importance to national or economic security.而D與該句話不一致。”答案D

　　13.推理題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“The service industry, including banking, telecommunication, insurance, and tourism, will gradually become another focal point of co-operation.” 一句話，可以看出服務(wù)業(yè)將成為另一個合作的焦點，故服務(wù)業(yè)將在未來發(fā)展迅速。答案C

　　14.推理題。第一段最后一句，Mrs Keller在家里做所有的家務(wù)，并且不雇傭人，住院后，做什么事情就需要人幫助，由此推斷她很強壯。她丈夫有一家工廠，故不是沒錢雇傭人，而是她自己能做家務(wù)。答案：B

　　15.細節(jié)題。第二段中，Mrs Keller接到電話，知道她兒子死了，她就暈倒了。答案：D.

　　16.細節(jié)題。第二段中，根據(jù)此句：She heard this and fell in a faint .When she came back to life ,she was in hospital .And she needed to be helped after that。這句告訴我們她健康狀況不如以前。故此選：A.

　　17.細節(jié)題。 Mrs Keller連續(xù)兩次在接電話時受到打擊，都是關(guān)于子女死亡的電話，所以不敢再接電話。故選：D

　　18.推理題。第三自然段，許多父母都意識到孩子們也可以擁有手機。故此答案選:C

　　19.主旨大意。通過父母的見聞，說明手機在英國學(xué)生中很普遍。故此答案選：C

　　20．細節(jié)題。倒數(shù)第五段，The interviews with 2,019 young people aged 7 to 16 found that they favor the text massaging services because they offer a secret way of keeping in touch .The days of secret notes in the classroom are dying out .可以知道，學(xué)生喜歡發(fā)短信，故此答案為:B