高考英語閱讀理解·附詳解(12)

來源：高考英語 2009-09-04 14:05:50

　　“In real life, the daily struggles between parents and children are around these narrow problems of an extra hour, extra TV show, and so on” said Avi Sadeh, psychology professor at Tel Aviv University. “Too little sleep and more accidents,” he said.

　　Sadeh and his colleagues found an extra hour of sleep can make a big difference. The children who slept longer, although they woke up more frequently during the night, scored higher on tests, Sadeh reported in the March/April issue of journal Child Development.

　　“When the children slept longer, their sleep quality was somewhat weak, but in spite of this their performance for study improved because the extra sleep was more significant than the reduction in sleep quality. ” Sadeh said. “Some studies suggested that lack of sleep as a child affects development into adulthood and it’s more likely to develop their attention disorder when they grow older. ”

　　In earlier studies, Sadeh’s team found that fourth graders slept an average of 8. 2 hours and sixth graders slept an average of 7. 7 hours.

　　“Previous research has shown children in elementary school need at least nine hours of sleep a night on a regular basis, said Carl Hunt, director of the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research in Bethesda, and high-school-age children need somewhat less, he said, adding the results of insufficient sleep could be serious.

　　“A tired child is an accident waiting to happen,” Hunt said. “And as kids get older, toys get bigger and the risks higher. ”Hunt also said too little sleep could result in learning and memory problems and long-term effects on school performance.

　　“This is an important extension of what we already know, ” Hunt said of Sadeh’s research, adding sleep is as important as nutrition(營養(yǎng)) and exercise to good health.

　　“To put it into reality,” Hunt said, “parents should make sure they know when their children actually are going to sleep and their rooms are conducive to sleeping instead of playing. ”

　　13. What is Child Development?

　　A A new story B A popular book

　　C. A periodical magazine D A TV programme

　　14. How many persons are exactly mentioned in the text?

　　A One B Two C Three D Four

　　15. The underlined phrase “conducive to” (in the last sentence) means ________.

　　A helping to happen B influenced by

　　C full of D acceptable of

　　16. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

　　A. There are some daily struggles between parents and children because of having nothing in common with extra rest time.

　　B. The children who sleep longer are weak in their study.

　　C. Lack of sleep as a child has great effect on their development into adulthood.

　　D. In general, children in elementary school need at least nine hours of sleep a night.

　　【答案與解析】

　　13. C 間接推理題。由上下文及其言論的report和 in the March/April issue of journal；顯然強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“定期的刊物”；periodical是period的形容詞，故選A periodical magazine.

　　14. B 直接事實(shí)題。全文涉及的具體的人就是：Sadeh和Hunt.

　　15. A 推理判斷題。為了將“睡眠與營養(yǎng)一樣重要”付之實(shí)施，家長應(yīng)該給孩子營造一個(gè)“有利于睡覺”而不是“玩耍”的居室。選項(xiàng)A與conducive to“有利于…的” 相符。

　　16. B 細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。選項(xiàng)A正確�？梢罁�(jù)第一段來考慮：這種爭吵主要是在額外的休息時(shí)間不能達(dá)成共識(shí)。B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。睡眠時(shí)間長的孩子睡眠質(zhì)量不一定高，但學(xué)業(yè)有進(jìn)步�？梢罁�(jù)第三段。C項(xiàng)正確。缺乏睡眠的孩子會(huì)影響發(fā)育成長�？梢罁�(jù)第四段。D項(xiàng)正確。一般而言，小學(xué)生一晚上需要至少九小時(shí)睡眠時(shí)間�？梢罁�(jù)第五段。

　　Like most big projects, learning to manage your mother well is what you should do. Here are what I believe the best steps towards a better relationship with her. They are not necessarily surprising or revolutionary, but they have worked for many people. Try them.

　　Remember your mother’s age. As children, we often do not think of our mother as having an age. Even when we become conscious of her as an individual, age does not change our view; she is still our mother. Knowing our mother’s age, not just in numbers of years but in terms of her psychological and physical state, often helps us to understand her better.

　　Listen to your mother. I have found that sometimes the things my mother told me long ago are remarkably useful. If your mother knows that you respect her point of view, even if you do not share it, it will help her feel close to you.

　　Remember that your mother has a past. A key step in managing our relationship with our mother is to find out about her early life. Niclle’s mother suffered much during the Second War World War. “My parents are both Jewish-Turkish. They met in France and married young for love. They were in their twenties when war broke out and because they were Jews, they had to go into hiding. She does speak to me about the war, and I think it is important to know what she went through. It is a part of her life that must have affected her deeply. ” Sometimes, in learning about our mother’s past, we know that it can encourage us to think about her whole life.

　　Ask your mother about your childhood history. My grandparents died when I was young. If you are fortunate enough to have living family, think of your life as a jigsaw puzzle and ask as many questions as you can to put the picture together. Understanding your roots and your childhood can help you now more clearly who you are, as part of a family which you share with your mother.

　　Keep a sense of humor about your mother. When we hear about someone else’s misfortunes with their mothers and are amused by them, our laughter is one of recognition. I have often listened to stories of difficult mothers and I have also listened to the following piece of advice they have found most helpful is: “Don’t have a sense of humor failure about your mother. ”

　　Remember that managing your mother is really about managing yourself. Taking any measure to managing our mother is the issue of how we manage ourselves. No matter how difficult we find her, it is important to remember that is not her behavior it self that is causing us discomfort, but the way we feel about her behavior. We should follow the way of her life. At the heart of managing your mother is being able to accept your flawed self. Only then are you able to accept your mother—-with all her failings.

　　17. The followings are the steps you can take to get on with your mother EXCEPT________.

　　A. Remember your mother’s age and past

　　B. Share your roots and your childhood with your mother

　　C. Have a sense of humor failure about your mother

　　D. Managing your shortcoming while managing your mother

　　18. What does the underlined phrase “a jigsaw puzzle” mean?

　　A. 拼圖玩具 B. 瀏覽迷宮 C. 填充字謎 D. 游戲人生

　　19. Which of the following is implied but not stated in the passage?

　　A. It will help you have a better relationship with your mother if you respect her opinion.

　　B. You should follow a most useful piece of advice——a sense of humor.

　　C. The key measure of managing our mother is how we manage ourselves.

　　D. It is unreasonable to expect our mother to change totally from the way she was brought up.

　　20. The main purpose of writing the text is ________.

　　A. to give information about how we think of your mother.

　　B. to improve the relationship with your mother.

　　C. to keep a sense of humor about your mother all day long.

　　D. to accept your mother—-with all her failings.

　　【答案與解析】

　　17. C 直接事實(shí)題。A項(xiàng)直接可從標(biāo)題中得出答案。B項(xiàng)可根據(jù)第四條第一段最后兩句得出。和母親一起分享家族史和自己的童年。C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在應(yīng)該是：Don’t have a sense of humor failure about your mother。D項(xiàng)可參照最后一條，并由上下文了解flawed self有缺陷的自己；與shortcoming同義。

　　18. A 詞語猜測題�？筛鶕�(jù)句中上下文及put the picture together短語判斷。

　　19. D 判斷推理題。A項(xiàng)在第二條listen to your mother中有陳述。B項(xiàng)在Keep a sense of humor about your mother. 條中可知。C項(xiàng)是最后一段中的事實(shí)陳述。D項(xiàng)文中并未陳述,但可根據(jù)全文及最后一條中的We should follow the way of her life一句可知。

　　B 判斷推理題。A錯(cuò)在文章不僅僅是給出有關(guān)這方面的信息；而重要的是B項(xiàng)中的如何去改善與母親的這種關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)C，D是改善這種關(guān)系的具體內(nèi)容和細(xì)節(jié)。

　　Like most July days, it was hot. I stepped into a tiny ice-cream shop to cool off with a chocolate ice-cream. It was an old woman bent over a table near the door. Her back was so badly twisted that her face nearly touched the tabletop. I sat sown facing her couple of tables away.

　　“Poor woman,” I thought “What does she get out of life? Shy God let people live so long past their prime?”

　　As I thought, another aged lady entered the shop and sat down with her. Soon the two of them were talking about childhood days. They talked of how little the shop had changed in 70 years. . . In minutes, the two of them were trembling with laughter.

　　I looked again at the first woman, then in the mirror on a nearby wall, catching a picture of myself. I was wearing a dirty shirt. She was well dressed in white, her hands sparking with gold rings. I was sad. She was laughing, smiling. I was putting the pieces of my life together. She had millions of wonderful memories to recall. I sat alone. She was sharing the day with a good friend. I was secretly worried about getting old. She was old, but it wasn't hurting her.

　　As I left the shop, I thought of my foolish question about God letting people live past their prime. Why, that woman was more alive, more sensitive to life than I was. Age has not bent her spirit.(www.nmet168.com)

　　1. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?

　　A. To tell us the life of old people

　　B. To show the difference between the old and the young.

　　C. To show that old age does not mean being short of spirit.

　　D. To make the reader have a pity on the old people.

　　2. From the passage we know that the ice-shop________.

　　A. changed a lot in the past B. started its business 70 years ago.

　　C. had only a couple of tables D. had only women shoppers.

　　3. The writer implies all of the following except that________.

　　A. the old lady was very lonely and sad

　　B. the writer had more problems than the old lady

　　C. the old lady had lived a full and satisfying life

　　D. the old lady had learned to enjoy the simple things in life

　　4. Which of the following is the conclusion the writer made about the old lady?

　　A. She was to be pitied for her old age.

　　B. She considered the young man pitiable.

　　C. She was more alive and sensitive to life than the writer.

　　D. People should not be allowed to live when they are too old.

　　【答案與解析】

　　1. C。主旨大意題�？v觀全文，我們可以看出，作者以一個(gè)旁觀者的身份描述了一位老太太的一個(gè)生活片斷。并且在后來，把自己對生活的一些相法和看法同老太太的生活方式進(jìn)行對比，從而進(jìn)一步襯托出這位老人積極的生活作風(fēng)。

　　2. B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段中有這樣一句話：They talked of how little the shop had changed

　　in 70 years. 據(jù)此，我們可推測出本題的答案。

　　3. A。邏輯推理題。縱觀全文，我們可以看出老太太的生活是樂觀向上的，據(jù)此，我們可推測出本題的答案為A。

　　4. C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本文的最后一段提供了本題的答案依據(jù)。

　　More than 70 per cent of high-scoring students in last year's exam admitted to taking “brain food”, according to a survey conducted by the Shanghai Hercules (大力神) Teens Research Centre last August. however, only 30 per cent of them said they would do this again. Experts say that, as long as they eat properly, teens will have no problem getting enough nutrition from their daily food.

　　So what should you be eating? A good start is to eat foods that give you a variety of nutrients. For each meal, choose several kinds of food from each of these groups:

　　* Vegetables;

　　* Fruit;

　　* Bread, cereals, noodle and rice;

　　* Milk, yogurt and cheese;

　　* Meat, poultry (家禽), fish, dried beans and peas, eggs and nuts.

　　You can eat healthily without giving up your favourite foods, but you should limit the fats you eat to keep your cholesterol (膽固醇) low. Only animal fat provides cholesterol, which is known to cause heart problems.

　　While most people like the taste of table sugar, there are already sweeteners “hidden” in many foods. Sugars can be found in honey, dried fruit and concentrated (濃縮) fruit juice. They are also presented in ingredients such as corn syrup (糖漿) that are added to soft drinks, cookies, and many other foods.

　　If you have high-energy needs, sweets can be a useful source of calories but they contain limited nutrients and can cause tooth decay(腐蝕). When eating out, look for boiled or baked rather than fried foods. And try eating milk-based high-calcium (高鈣) foods instead of creamy (含奶油的)items to reduce the fat and calories you take in. The teenage body changes quickly, so your attitude towards nutrition now can make a big difference to your health in years to come.

　　1. From the first paragraph, we know that ________.

　　A. many students got high score in the test because they all took “brain food”

　　B. only those who had taken “brain food” got high score in the test

　　C. only 30 percent of student took “brain food” last year

　　D. most students will not take “brain food” again in the future

　　2. Experts suggest that ________.

　　A. teenagers can receive enough nutrition from their daily food

　　B. teenagers take more meat to receive enough nutrition

　　C. teenagers should take more “brain food” to get enough nutrition

　　D. teenagers should do more exercise to lose weight

　　3. The passage advises us not to eat too much animals fat because ________.

　　A. they can make us put on weight too easily

　　B. they can cause cancer and some other illness

　　C. they can increase cholesterol in our body

　　D. they will take away a lot of nutrition in our body

　　4. From this passage we know that ________.

　　A. sweets can provide both enough calories and nutrients

　　B. sweets can provide enough calories but less nutrients

　　C. sweets can provide enough fats

　　D. sweets can help us healthy and sound

　　【答案與解析】

　　1. 選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題的答案依據(jù)在第一段的倒數(shù)第二句話。

　　2. 選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題的答案依據(jù)在第一數(shù)的最后一句話。

　　3. 選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本文的倒數(shù)第三段提供了本題的答案依據(jù)。

　　4. 選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本文的最后一段提供了本題的答案依據(jù)。

　　The Internet has become part of teenagers’ life.

　　A new report on 3,375 students aged from 10 to 18 in seven Chinese cities found that 38 per cent of them believe they use the Internet often.

　　While most of them get useful information and use the Internet to help in their studies, some are not using it in a good way. Many are playing online games too much. A few even visit Web sites they should not look at. A middle school teacher from Beijing warns that bad things can happen if young people spend too much time on the Internet. She had a student who used to be good at school. But then he started visiting sex Web sites. He went mad, cheated a girl and was taken away by the police.

　　In order to help young people use the Internet in a good way, a textbook on good Internet behaviour has started to be used in some Shanghai middle schools this term. The book uses real examples to teach students all about good ways of using the Internet. The book gives useful advice such as it's good to read news or find helpful information to study.

　　Some students also make online friends. But if you are meeting a friend offline, make sure your parents know. Teachers and parents all think the book is a very good idea. This teacher said the book will be a guide for teens using the Internet. She believes it will keep students away from bad sites. “Many students are using the Internet without guidance from their parents,” she said. “The book will teach students how to be a good person in the online world.”(www.nmet168.com)

　　1. The third paragraph mainly tells us that ________.

　　some students are not using the Internet correctly

　　all students in Beijing use the Internet to help their school work

　　a teacher in Beijing is worried about her students

　　some students visit sex Web sites

　　2. The textbook mainly tells us ________.

　　A. why we should use the Internet B. not to visit sex Web sites

　　C. how to use the Internet correctly D. how to get help from others

　　3. The writer advises the readers to ________.

　　A. let their parents know before visiting their online friends

　　B. not to make friends on line

　　C. read the textbook carefully