閱讀理解做題技巧·人物故事

　　一、材料特點

　　人物故事類閱讀理解文章是高考英語�？疾牧现�一。這類文章一般可分為人物傳記和短篇故事兩類。

　　人物傳記主要涉及某人的生平事跡、趣聞軼事、生活背景、個性特征、成長和奮斗歷程等，其特點是以時間的先后或事件的發(fā)展為主線，脈絡(luò)清楚，可讀性較強。因此，閱讀這類文章應(yīng)該抓住時間線索來獲取有關(guān)信息，即主人翁在某個時間做過什么，然后通過分析推理、綜合歸納的方法進行解題。

　　短篇故事與人物傳記不同的是，這類文章一般描述的是某一件具體事情的發(fā)生發(fā)展或結(jié)局，有人物、時間、地點和事件。命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件的之間的關(guān)系、作者的態(tài)度及意圖、故事前因和后果的推測等方面著手，考查學(xué)生對細(xì)節(jié)的辨認(rèn)能力以及推理判斷能力。閱讀這類材料時，同學(xué)們一定要根據(jù)主要情節(jié)掌握文章主旨大意，同時抓住每一個細(xì)節(jié)，設(shè)身處地根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容揣摩作者的態(tài)度和意圖，根據(jù)情節(jié)展開想象，即使是碰到深層理解題也可迎刃而解。

　　這兩類閱讀材料一般較長，即詞數(shù)多，而且命題也較多，特別是推理判斷題和事實細(xì)節(jié)題多。同學(xué)們在做此類閱讀理解題時往往是材料看得懂，題目不好做的感覺。因此，同學(xué)們在閱讀材料時要重點放在事情發(fā)展的過程和結(jié)果上，注意把握事件的發(fā)展進程及人物之間的關(guān)系，細(xì)節(jié)與主題的關(guān)系，用以說明人物性格特點的事實、作者的態(tài)度等，這些內(nèi)容往往是推理判斷題的命題點。掌握了這些內(nèi)容，同學(xué)們在做推理判斷題時就不會以個人思維想象代替根據(jù)文章事實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷，也只有這樣才不會以偏概全。至于事實細(xì)節(jié)題的解答，同學(xué)們切忌想當(dāng)然或者憑印象，一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進行比較，再做出正確選擇。

　　二、真題賞析（選自2005廣東卷）

　　We have two daughters: Kristen is seven years old and Kelly is four. Last Sunday evening, we invited some people home for dinner. I dressed them nicely for the party, and told them that their job was to join Mommy in answering the door when the bell rang. Mommy would introduce them to the guests, and then they would take the guests’ coats upstairs and put them on the bed in the second bedroom.

　　The guests arrived. I introduced my two daughters to each of them. The adults were nice and kind and said how lucky we were to have such good kids.

　　Each of the guests made a particular fuss over Kelly, the younger one, admiring her dress, her hair and her smile. They said she was a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age.

　　I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big “to do” over the younger one because she’s the one who seems more easily hurt. We do it with the best of intentions.

　　But we seldom think of how it might affect the other child. I was a little worried that Kristen would feel she was being outshined. I was about to serve dinner when I realized that she had been missing for twenty minutes. I ran upstairs and found her in the bedroom, crying.

　　I said, “What are you doing, my dear?”

　　She turned to me with a sad expression and said, “Mommy, why don’t people like me the way they like my sister? Is it because I’m not pretty? Is that why they don’t say nice things about me as much?”

　　I tried to explain to her, kissing and hugging her to make her feel better.

　　Now, whenever I visit a friend’s home, I make it a point to speak to the elder child first.

　　1. The underlined expression “make a big ‘to do’ over”(paragraph 4) means ______.

　　A. show much concern about         B. have a special effect on

　　C. list jobs to be done for               D. do good things for

　　2. The guests praised Kelly for carrying coats upstairs because of her ______.

　　A. beautiful hair                            B. pretty clothes

　　C. lovely smile                              D. young age

　　3. Kristen felt sad and cried because ______.

　　A. the guest gave her more coats to carry

　　B. she didn’t look as pretty as Kelly

　　C. the guests praised her sister more than her

　　D. her mother didn’t introduce her to the guests

　　4. We can conclude from the passage that ______.

　　A. parents should pay more attention to the elder children

　　B. the younger children are usually more easily hurt

　　C. people usually like the younger children more

　　D. adults should treat children equally

　　【答案與解析】文章主要講的是在一次聚會上作者的兩個女兒Kelly和Kristen的故事。

　　1. 選A。通讀全文，根據(jù)文章整體內(nèi)容以及當(dāng)時聚會上人們對待兩個孩子的不同態(tài)度，可以推出此題最佳答案為A。

　　2. 選D。根據(jù)文章第3段中的 They said she was a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age 可推知此題最佳答案為D。

　　3. 選C。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第 3 段中的 why don’t people like me the way they like my sister 可知此題最佳答案為C。

　　4. 選D。比較所給的四個選項，再結(jié)合文章中所發(fā)生的故事，用排除法可知選項D最佳。

　　三、全真模擬

　　Dorothea Shaw is 71 years old and nearly blind, and she chose to live alone far away from people. She lives in Belize—a country the size of Wales with a population only that of Swansea. Her home is at Gales Point, a tiny village which can be reached only by sea or air: after a 10-mile walk into the hills one finally reaches a piece of land and two small houses so hidden in the thick over-grown forest that only a handful of people know Dorothea is there.

　　She lives happily and totally alone growing her vegetables, looking after her trees and dogs, cats and chickens. Once a month or so an old friend passed by with her food supplies and letters—usually including a letter from her sister in Scunthorpe and some bits of clothing from friends in Canada. Sometimes a local man will come and cut wood for her and a group of British soldiers will come across her and be greeted with the offer of a cup of coffee.

　　At night she lies in her tiny sleeping room with the dogs on the floor, the cats on the table near the typewriter and one of the hens settled down in a corner of the bookshelf, and listens for hours to any Spanish, English, German or French broadcasts she can find on her radio. Sometimes she gets lonely but most of the time the animals and the radio are company enough.

　　But recently the very things she had tried to get free from so well have begun to catch up with her. The peace of the forest has been destroyed by the noise of earth moving machines not many miles away. What she once only heard of distantly on the radio is now on her doorstep. Things began to change 3 years ago. The new main north-south road in Belize was cut through the forest only four or five miles away. “Now more and more people know I’m here, ” she says, “I feel more and more uneasy each day.”

　　1. This passage mainly tells us _______.

　　A. how Dorothea lives alone in a lonely place

　　B. why Dorothea lives in such a lonely place

　　C. what kind of place Dorothea lives in

　　D. what kind of person Dorothea is

　　2. Dorothea spends a lot of her time _______.

　　A. growing vegetables                  B. raising chickens

　　C. talking with the soldiers           D. listening to the radio

　　3. We can infer that Dorothea lives a _______ life.

　　A. wealthy and happy                  B. simple and easy

　　C. hard but happy                       D. wealthy but uneasy

　　4. What makes Dorothea feel more and more uneasy?

　　A. She is becoming older and older.

　　B. Something is wrong with her eyes.

　　C. The peace of the forest has been destroyed.

　　D. Her living supplies are getting shorter and shorter.

　　【答案與解析】本文主要講述一位老人在一偏僻的地方過著清靜的生活，但最近這里將修建一條新路，老人因此感到不安。

　　1. 選A。通讀全文可知，文章主要講的是這位老人如何一個人過著安靜清閑的生活，因此最佳答案為A。

　　2. 選D。根據(jù)第3段最后一句話 Sometimes she gets lonely but most of the time the animals and the radio are company enough可知答案為D。

　　3. 選B。根據(jù)文章最后一句話…she says “I feel more and more uneasy each day.” 可知她原來的生活是簡單而快樂的，所以答案選B。

　　4. 選C。根據(jù) The new main north-south road in Belize was cut through the forest only four or five miles away. “Now more and more people know I’m here, ” she says, “I feel more and more uneasy each day.” 可知這與她原來的生活完全不同，即平靜的生活被打亂了，故答案選C。