高考英語考點典型陷阱題分析-代詞
來源：網(wǎng)絡 2009-09-07 11:41:19
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. _____ with any common sense can tell the difference between the two.
A. Who B. Whoever
C. Anyone D. Who ever
【陷阱】容易誤選B。
【分析】最佳答案為C。有的同學誤選B主要是因為受以下這類句子的影響：
Whoever comes will be welcome. 任何人來都歡迎。
Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要這書都可拿去。
Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work. 誰要是得到這份工作就有很多事要做。
以上三句中 whoever 引導的均為主語從句，其中的 whoever均可換成 anyone who，但是不能換成 anyone。以上試題從表面上看，與以上各例很相似，其實它們有本質的不同，即 _____ with any common sense 中沒有謂語動詞，所以我們不能選 whoever。此題的正確答案為C，anyone 為句子主語，with any common sense 為修飾 anyone 的定語�，F(xiàn)將此題稍作改動如下，答案選B：
_______ has any common sense can tell the difference between the two.
A. Who B. Whoever
C. Anyone D. Who ever
2. The dictionary is really useful. Every boy and girl _____ it and they each _____ to buy one.
A. like, want B. likes, wants
C. likes, want D. like, wants
【陷阱】容易誤選D。認為前面一空填復數(shù)動詞，因為其主語是 boy and girl，為復數(shù)；第二空填單數(shù)動詞，因為其前有 each，表示“每一個”。
【分析】事實上，此題應選C。因為按英語習慣，every 后接兩個并列的單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)，即第一空填 likes；而第二空要填復數(shù)動詞 want，是因為其前的主語是 they 而不是 each（each 為主語的同位語）。
3. Everyone knows that Canada is larger than _____ country in Asia.
A. any B. any other
C. other D. another
【陷阱】容易誤選B。選擇的依據(jù)是以下大家熟悉的句型(其中的 other 不可省略)：
He is taller than any other student in our class. 他是我們班最高的。
English is more widely used in international intercourse than any other language today. 現(xiàn)今英語在國際交往中比其他任何語言用得都廣。
【分析】但是上面一題與這類句子有所不同。這類句型到底該不該加 other，主要應看所談論的對象是否在比較的范圍之內：若在范圍之內，則用 other (以排除自己與自己比較)；若不在范圍之內，則不用 other。比較下面一題：
China is larger than _____ country in Asia.
A. any B. any other C. other D. another
此題應選B，因為 China 在 Asia 的范圍之內。假若選A，則表示“中國比亞洲的任何國家都大”，而中國本身也是亞洲國家，由此則得出“中國比中國大”的荒謬結論。而選B，則表示“中國比亞洲任何其他國家要大”，這才合乎事實。
4. “What do you think of them?” “I don’t know _____ is better, so I’ve taken _____ of them.”
A. what, both B. what, none
C. which, both C. which, none
【陷阱】幾個干擾均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案為C。做好此題的關鍵是要注意句中的 better 一詞，由于better 用的是比較級，說明比較的對象應是兩者，由此可推知第二空應填both；另一方面，由于所談論的是兩者，說明選擇范圍比較窄、比較明確，所以第一空應填 which。
5. “Would you like a cup of coffee or a glass of beer?” “____ will do, but milk is _____ popular with me.”
A. Neither, not B. Both, more
C. Either, the most D. All, the most
【陷阱】很容易誤選B，因為前文提到 coffee 和 beer 為兩者，所以有的同學就認為應選 both 和 more 與之對應(more 為比較級，指兩者比較)。
【分析】做對此題的關鍵是要注意到下文提到的 milk既不是 coffee 也不是 beer，而是除這兩者外的第三者，故第二空應填 the most，即此題最佳答案為C。
6. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _____ it was?
A. where B. what
C. how D. which
此題答案選D，主要與上文的some book or other (某一本書)這一語境有關，全句句意為：“我在某一本書上讀到過它，是哪一本書這很重要嗎?”請看類似試題：
(1) “Who told you?” “Oh, somebody or other, I’ve forgotten _____.”
A. what B. when
C. which D. who
此題最佳答案為D。句意為：“誰告訴你的？”“噢，有個人，我忘記是哪一個了。”
(2) Some of the students were late for the meeting, but I can’t remember _____.
A. what B. when
C. which D. whom
此題最佳答案為C。句意為“有些學生開會遲到了，但我不記得是哪些學生了”。
7. These trousers are dirty and wet — I’ll change into my _____.
A. another B. trousers
C. others D. other
【陷阱】容易誤選A、B。
【分析】最佳答案為C。是從語法上看，another 后通常接單數(shù)名詞，而不接trousers 這樣的復數(shù)名詞（若用 another pair 則可以）；也不能選 trousers 是因為填它句子意思不通。最佳答案應選C，others 相當于 other trousers，其中的 other 與前面的 these 相對照。
8. Her lecture was hard to follow because she kept jumping from one subject to _____.
A. other B. the other
C. the others D. another
【陷阱】容易誤選B。選擇依據(jù)可能是one … the other …這一常用結構。
【分析】最佳答案為D。使用one … the other … 時，我們通常是針對兩者而言的，即指“兩者中的一個……，另一個……”；如果所談論的情況不是針對兩者而言的，而是針對多者而言的，那么我們就不宜在 one 后使用 the other，而考慮用 another。又如(答案均選D，即選 another)：
(1) Those cakes look delicious. Could I have _____ one?
A. other B. the other
C. the others D. another
(2) I have many such novels. I’ll bring _____ tomorrow.
A. other B. the other
C. the others D. another
(3) Saying is one thing and doing is _____.
A. other B. the other
C. the others D. another
比較以下各例：
(1) Shut ____ eye, Jim.
A. another B. some other
C. other D. the other
答案選D，因為人的眼睛只有兩只，故用 one … the other … 結構。
(2) It’s sometimes hard to tell one twin from _____.
A. another B. some other
C. other D. the other
答案選D，twin 意為“孿生子之一”、“雙胞胎之一”，即指兩者之一，故用 one … the other … 這一結構。
9. There are four bedrooms, ______ with its own bathroom.
A. all B. each
C. every D. either
此題容易誤選A，認為既然前面出現(xiàn)了 four bedrooms，故填 all 與之對應。其實，此題的最佳答案應為B，原因是空格后的隱藏信息 its，它表示空格處應填一個單數(shù)代詞，但是不能選C，因為 every 不能這樣單獨使用。
10. “It’s said that he is a wise leader.” “Oh, no, he is _____ but a wise leader.”
A. anything B. anyone
C. anybody D. anywhere
【陷阱】容易誤選B、C。因為句子主語指人，似乎只有B、C才與之一致。
【分析】其實，正確答案應選A。因為 anything but 是習語，意為“根本不是”或“一點也不”，不僅可用于事物，也可用于人。如：
I’ll do anything but that. 我絕不會干那種事。
The party was anything but a success. 晚會根本不成功。
Her father was anything but a poet. 她父親根本不是詩人。
Such a man was anything but a hero. 那樣的人絕不算英雄。
11. Tell _______ you like — it makes no difference to me.
A. anyone B. who
C. whoever D. what
【陷阱】容易從中文字面來理解而誤選A或B。
【分析】最佳答案選 C。但若將A, B兩項合起來，即用 anyone who這樣的形式則也可以。選 C，whoever 引導一個賓語從句，用作動詞 tell的賓語。同樣地，請看以下類似試題：
(1) _____ comes is welcome.
A. Anyone B. Who
C. Anyone who D. Everyone
此題很容易誤選A，因為從漢語意思來分析，可理解為“任何人來都歡迎”，但若選A，此句的結構是混亂的，句中有兩個謂語動詞 comes 和 is，但卻只是一個句子。此題應選C，anyone 是句子主語，who comes 是修飾 anyone 的定語從句。
(2) _____ comes to see me, tell him I’m out.
A. Anyone B. Who
C. Whoever D. Everyone
此題很容易按漢語意思誤選A，其實應選C。whoever 引導的是讓步狀語從句，相當于 no matter who。
(3) Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____ shares her interests.
A. anyone B. whomever
C. whoever D. no matter who
此題不能選A，假若選A，應在其后加上 who，即用 anyone who；也不能選B，一是因為空格處應填一個作主語的詞(因為其后有謂語動詞 shares)，二是因為在現(xiàn)代英語中 whomever 這個詞已基本廢除 (也就是說，在現(xiàn)代英語中 whoever 既用作主語，也用作賓語，如：Give it to whoever you see in the meeting-room. 你在會議室里看見誰就把它給誰)；也不能選D，因為 no matter who只用于引導讓步狀語從句，不用于引導名詞性從句。此題正確答案為C，whoever 在此相當于 anyone who。
比較下例，答案應選A，而不是B、C或D(注意句意)：
It was a matter of _____ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever
C. whom D. whomever
12. The teacher told us that the problem was not _____ easy and that we should think _____ over carefully.
A. such, it B. that, it
C. such, 不填 D. that，不填
【陷阱】容易根據(jù)漢語字面意思誤選C。
【分析】最佳答案選 B。第一空填that，that 用作副詞，相當于 so，又如：
Is it always that hot? 總那么熱嗎?（其中的 that hot 可以換成 so hot，但不能換成 such hot）
I can only tell you that much. 我只能告訴你這么多。（其中的 that much 可以換成 so much，但不能換成 such much）
注意第一空不能填such，因為such 不用作副詞，即它不用于修飾形容詞。
另外，漢語中說“好好想一想”，通�？梢圆粠зe語，但英語中的think over 是及物動詞，如果用它來表示“好好想一想”，應根據(jù)上下文的語境讓它帶上適當?shù)馁e語，所以本題應用 think it over，相當于 think the problem over。
13. The camera isn’t good enough; I want to change ______.
A. another B. a good one
C. it with another D. it for another
【陷阱】容易根據(jù)漢語字面意思誤選A、B。
【分析】此題最佳答案為D。英語中的 change sth 表示的是“換某物”，sth 是被換的東西，而 change sth for sth else 表示的才是“用某物換另一物”。比較：
That coat was too large and I had to change it. 那件外套太大了，我得去換一件。
That coat was too large and I had to change it for a smaller one. 那件外套太大了，我得去換一件小一點的。
14. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.
A. everything B. anything
C. something D. nothing
【陷阱】此題容易誤選 B，生搬硬套不定代詞用法規(guī)則：something 用于肯定句，anything 用于否定句或疑問句。
【分析】其實此題應選 A，注意前文的 I agree with most of what you said(我同意你說的大部分內容)，其后的not 與 everything 構成部分否定，意為“不是所有的都同意”，前后兩部分用轉折連詞 but 連接，語氣通順、連貫。請看一個類似的例子：
______ likes money, but money is not ______.
A. Everyone, everything B. Anyone, anything
C. Someone, nothing D. Nobody, everything
最佳答案選A，句意為“大家都喜歡錢，但錢不是萬能的”。
15. “Is there ______ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”
A. anybody B. everybody
C. somebody D. nobody
【陷阱】此題容易誤選 A。認為這是一般疑問句，要用 anybody。
【分析】其實此題應選B，主要與上下文的語境有關。全文語境為：“大家都到齊了嗎？”“沒有，Bob 和Tim 兩人請假了。”假若我們將此題作如下變換，則情形就會有所不同：
“Is there ______ here?” “Yes, I’m upstairs. Please come and help me.”
A. anybody B. everybody
C. somebody D. nobody
此題的最佳答案應是A，而不是B。
請再看一例：
“Do you have _____ at home now, Mary?” “No, we still have to get some fruit and tea.”
A. something B. anything
C. everything D. nothing
答案選C，句意為“瑪麗，現(xiàn)在家里東西都準備齊了嗎？”“還沒有，我們還要買些水果和茶。”
16. “If you want a necklace, I’ll buy one for you at once.” “Oh, no. A necklace is not _____ that I need most.
A. anything B. something
C. nothing D. everything
【陷阱】此題容易誤選A，機械地套用以下規(guī)則：something 用于肯定句，anything 用于否定句或疑問句。
【分析】當然以上規(guī)則在通常情況下是有效的，但此句不屬通常用法。此題的最佳答案應是B，something 在此的意思不是“某種東西”，而是指“那種東西”或“這種東西”，即心中最想要的那種東西(相當于 the thing)。同樣地，下面幾題的最佳答案也是 something，而不是 anything：
(1) It’s not _____ that we want to talk about; let’s change the subject.
A. anything B. something
C. nothing D. everything
(2) It’s not _____ I enjoy; I do it purely out of a sense of duty.
A. anything B. something
C. nothing D. everything
(3) Self-control is not _____ that comes with your birth.
A. anything B. something
C. nothing D. everything
(4) This is not _____ that would disturb me anyway.
A. anything B. something
C. nothing D. everything
17. Some say one thing, but _____.
A. other, another B. others, another
C. others, the other D. the others, others
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案選B。but others another 為 but others say another 之省略。在并列句中，若后面分句與前面分句有相同的詞，常把后一分句中的相同部分給省略掉，以避免重復。如：
One soldier was killed and another wounded. 有一名士兵被打死，另一名被打傷。(wounded 前省略了 was)
I work in a factory and my brother on a farm. 我在工廠工作，我弟弟在農場工作。(on a farm 前省略了 works)
My room is on the second floor and his on the third. 我的房間在三樓，他的房間在四樓。（on the third 前省略了 is）
18. He is a hard-working student, _____ who will be successful in whatever career he chooses.
A. that B. he
C. one D. which
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題答案選C，one 相當于 a student。類似地，以下各題也選one，它們分別相當于 a table, a break, a question, a Mexican carpet, a moment：
(1) A table made of steel costs more than _______ made of wood.
A. one B. it
C. those D. which
(2)“Why don’t we take a little break?” “Didn’t we just have _____?”
A. it B. that
C. one D. this
(3) The question is _____ of great importance.
A. that B. it
C. one D. what
(4) She wants a Mexican carpet, but she can’t afford to buy ______.
A. one B. it
C. them D. the one
(5) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _____ I will always treasure.
A. that B. one
C. it D. what
◆精編陷阱題訓練◆
1. Tom’s mother always told him not to smoke again, but _____ didn’t help.
A. he B. it
C. which D. as
2. Both teams were in hard training; _____ was willing to lose the game.
A. either B. neither
C. another D. the other
3. There he pointed to _____ looked like a stone and said that’s ______ you had to carry home.
A. that, that B. what, what
C. which, what D. as, which
4. I know nothing about the accident except _____ I read in the paper.
A. that B. for
C. what D. 不填
5. Energy is ____ makes one work.
A. what B. something
C. anything D. that
6. Don’t go to _____ places where there is no fresh air.
A. such B. so
C. those D. which
7. The classroom is almost empty, where is _____?
A. someone B. anyone
C. everyone D. no one
8. I’m afraid we can’t have coffee; there’s _____ left.
A. nothing B. none
C. no one D. no any
9. _____ worries me is _____ we’re going to pay for all this.
A. It, that B. That, how
C. What, how D. As, that
10. He just does ______ he pleases and never thinks about anyone else.
A. that B. what
C. which D. how
11. _____ of you comes first will get the ticket.
A. Which B. Whichever
C. Who D. Whatever
12. His income is double _____ it was five years ago.
A. that B. which
C. as D. what
13. If you want a friend, you’ll find _____ in me.
A. one B. it
C. that D. him
14. Oh, how beautiful it is! I like _____ better.
A. everything B. anything
C. nothing D. something
15. Do you know _______ friends are coming to our party?
A. whose else’s B. who’s else
C. whose else D. who else’s
16. _______ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B. The person
C. Whoever D. No matter who
17. Jane hopes to become a friend of _______ shares her interests.
A. whomever B. anyone
C. whoever D. no matter who
18. Some friends tried to settle the quarrel between Mr and Mrs Smith without hurting the feeling of _______, but failed.
A. none B. either
C. all D. neither
19. —Here are the best styles of the clothes. Which one do you like?
— _______. They are not so nice as I expected.
A. Neither B. All
C. Nothing D. None
20. Mr Ascot, headmaster of the school, refused to accept ______of the three suggestions made by the Students’ Union.
A. either B. neither
C. any D. none
21. “There’s coffee and tea; you can have _______.” “Thanks.”
A. either B. each
C. one D. it
22. “When shall we meet again?” “Make it _______day you like; it’s all the same to me.”
A. one B. any
C. another D. some
23. “Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.” “Why ______? John is sitting there doing nothing.”
A. him B. he
C. I D. me
【答案與解析】
1. 選B，it 指前面提到的情況。由于句中用了并列連詞 but，所以不能選C。當然，若去掉空格前的but，則可選C。
3. 選B，因是 both teams，即談論的是兩者，因此可鎖定A和B；從語境上看，應選B，即雙方都不愿輸。
3. 選B。即兩空均填 what，第一個what 相當于 something that；第二個what 相當于the thing that。
4. 選C，what 在句中用作動詞 read 的賓語。
5. 選A，what 相當于 something that。
6. 選C，但容易誤選A。按英語習慣，受 such 修飾的名詞后跟定語從句時，引導定語從句的關系詞一般只能是 as，而不能是 that, which, who, where等。如：Such women as knew him thought he was charming. 認識他的女人都認為他很有魅力。此句中的 as 就不能換成that 或 who，若要使用 that 或who，則需將 such 換掉，如說成Those women who knew Tom thought he was charming.
7. 選C，句意為“教室?guī)缀跏强盏模蠹叶嫉侥睦锶チ耍?rdquo;
8. 選B，nothing 指“什么也沒有”；none 指數(shù)量上的“一點(個)也沒有”。注：回答 how much 和 how many 時要用 none，而不用 nothing，道理同此。
9. 選C，what worries me 為主語從句，且 what 在主語從句中用作主語。
10. 選B。從句意推知。
11. 選B 最佳，因 who后通常不接表示范圍的 of 短語，故不宜選C；若選A，則句型不對；若選D，則語義不通。
12. 選D，what 相當于 the amount that。
13. 選 A，one 在此相當于a friend。
14. 選C，I like nothing better 相當于 It’s the best thing I like。
15. 選D。else 可放在 who, what, where, how, why 等疑問詞之后，但習慣上不放在which之后，而且在一般情況下也不用在whose后，遇此情況可用 who else’s，如：
Who else’s fault could it be? 這會是其他什么人的錯嗎?
但是，若其后不修飾名詞，有時也可用whose else。如：
Whose else could it be? 這會是其他什么人的嗎?
16. 選C。其余三者均不能引導主語從句。whoever 在此相當于 anyone who。
17. 選C。whoever shares her interests用作介詞of的賓語，同時whoever又用作謂語動詞shares的語。
18. 選B。由于句中談到的是 Mr and Mrs Smith，即談的是兩者，故排除選項A和C，因為 none 和all 均用于指三者。又因為空格前有否定介詞without，故空格處填either, 不用 neither。
19. 選D。none 可視為 I like none of them 之省略。從下文的語境看，空格處只能填空一個表否定意義的詞。據(jù)此首先排除B；雖然A、C、D均表否定意義，但neither 與前面的best（既然使用最高級，說明有三者或多者在作比較）不吻合；而 nothing 表示“什么也沒有”，不合語境。
20. 選 C。none 和 neither 表否定，與句中的 refused to acept這一語境不符。在 either 與 any 兩個選項中，either 指兩者，與句中的 three suggestions 不符。故只能選 any，指三者中的任意一個。
21. 選 A。比較四個選項：either 指兩者中的“任意一個”，each 指兩者或兩者以上中的“每一個”，one 用來替代“a / an +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”，it 替代“the +單數(shù)名詞”。
22. 選 B。根據(jù)下文的 it’s all the same to me(對我都一樣)可知，選 any 最合語境。
23. 選 D。Why me? 可視為 Why do you ask me to go and join? 之省略。另外，me 還通常在簡略回答中用作主語。如：Me too.(我也一樣。)
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