高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)歸納重點(diǎn)

　　一.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

　　一)不定式的�？夹问剑�

　　1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.

　　被動(dòng)形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.

　　語(yǔ)法功能： 表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同步發(fā)生

　　2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.

　　被動(dòng)形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.

　　語(yǔ)法功能：表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前

　　二)不定式�？嫉目键c(diǎn)：

　　1)不定式做定語(yǔ)----將要發(fā)生

　　2)不定式做狀語(yǔ)----目的

　　3)不定式充當(dāng)名詞功能---To see is to believe.

　　三)不定式的省略

　　1)感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel

　　+ do 表示動(dòng)作的完整性，真實(shí)性;

　　+ doing 表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性

　　I saw him work in the garden yesterday.

　　昨天我看見(jiàn)他在花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)"我看見(jiàn)了"這個(gè)事實(shí))

　　I saw him working in the garden yesterday.

　　昨天我見(jiàn)他正在花園里干活。(強(qiáng)調(diào)"我見(jiàn)他正干活"這個(gè)動(dòng)作)

　　" 感官動(dòng)詞后面接形容詞而不是副詞：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.

　　2) 使役動(dòng)詞 have bid make let 等詞后不定式要省略但同1)一樣被動(dòng)以后要還原to

　　I 'd like to have John do it.

　　I have my package weighed.

　　Paul doesn't have to be made to learn.

　　3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do

　　四)有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式如：

　　want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do

　　force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do

　　be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do

　　We agreed _______ here，but so far she hasn't turned up yet.(NMET

　　1995)

　　A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met (Key：C)

　　五) 有的時(shí)候to后面要接-ing形式

　　accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.

　　二. 動(dòng)名詞： 具有動(dòng)作性特征的名詞

　　1)是名詞 seeing is believing

　　2)具有動(dòng)詞性特征可以帶賓語(yǔ) starving troops is necessary.

　　一)動(dòng)名詞的形式:

　　一般形式：I don't like you smoking.

　　完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.

　　被動(dòng)形式：This question is far from being settled.

　　二) 動(dòng)名詞常考的點(diǎn)

　　1)動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)

　　2)在動(dòng)名詞和不定式中,做為介詞的賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞

　　3)動(dòng)名詞的否定直接在其前加否定詞,通過(guò)代詞的賓格或所有格形式給出邏輯主語(yǔ).

　　I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.(MET 1992)

　　A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you're calling(Key：C your calling 也對(duì))

　　I regret not having taken your advice.

　　4)有些詞后只能接動(dòng)名詞

　　admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...

　　另外還有一些接-ing形式的常用說(shuō)法：

　　it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...

　　三、一致關(guān)系

　　一)主謂一致

　　1. 主謂一致(與插入語(yǔ)無(wú)關(guān))

　　1主謂的分隔原則：主謂之間可以用定語(yǔ)從句或者省略的定語(yǔ)從句分隔。

　　2定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致：

　　3隨前一致：

　　n. + together with n2

　　as well as

　　including

　　along with

　　with / of

　　accompanied with / by

　　4就近原則：n1 or n2 +v(就近原則)

　　either n1 or n2

　　5可數(shù)n1 and 可數(shù)n2+v(pl)

　　不可數(shù)n1 and 不可數(shù)n2+v(pl)

　　例外：war and peace is… war and peace是一個(gè)整體

　　但是如果主語(yǔ)表示的是同一個(gè)概念，同一人，同一事的時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的特征是and連接的兩個(gè)詞只有一個(gè)冠詞。

　　The iron and steel industry is very important to our country.

　　The head master and mathematical teacher is coming.

　　The head master and the mathematical teacher are coming.

　　類(lèi)似的還有：law and order bread and

　　butter black and white

　　To love and to be loved is …

　　A lawyer and a teacher are…

　　A lawyer and teacher is …

　　6隨后原則：not A but B / not only A but also B+v.(與B一致)

　　7百分比結(jié)構(gòu)：most , half , rest , some , majority , one+persent

　　of+n1+v.(由n1決定

　　8倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂一致：

　　a)There be +n 由名詞決定動(dòng)詞

　　b)Among , between等介詞位于句首引起倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　Among / Between …+系動(dòng)詞+n. (由名詞決定動(dòng)詞)

　　9The+adj的主謂一致：

　　a)當(dāng)表示"一類(lèi)人"，

　　b)當(dāng)表示某一抽象概念時(shí)

　　The good is always attractive.

　　10 To do/doing/主從+vs

　　*More than one+n

　　many a +n.

　　a day or two

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