詞義推斷題的解題技巧（下）

　　5. 根據(jù)邏輯關系進行判斷。如:

　　The fire started on Sunday morning in the house of the King’s baker (面包師)in Pudding Lane. The baker, with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window in the roof. A strong wind blew the fire from the bakery (面包房)into a small hotel next door. Then it spread quickly into Thames Street. That was the beginning.

　　The underlined word “family” in the second paragraph means　　.

　　A. home　　　      B. children                    C. wife and husband     D. wife and children

　　根據(jù)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，family與baker、wife、之間應該是并列關系，表示同類概念，即“家人”。Home是“家庭”，不是“家人”的意思，與baker, wife不是同類概念，可以排除；句子中已經(jīng)提到 baker 和wife，因此，C、D在概念上與前文重復，也可以排除，因此，只有B才是正確的。又如：

　　A bike tour and race will be held on August 26 and 27(Sat. & Sum.). At 5:30am, the riders will leave Tian’anmen Square and ride the first 35 kilometres as a training leg. Then the next 55 kilometre leg, from Yanjiao to Jixian, will be the first competitive(競爭性的) part of the tour. The riders and their bikes will then be taken from Jixian to Changli.

　　The second racing leg of the tour will be from Changli to the seaside of Nandaihe, covering a distance of 20 kilometres. …

　　The underlined word “leg” in “Bicycle tour and race” probably means ______.

　　A. race                 B. practice                  C. part of the training     D. part of the tour

　　文段中有三個句子的表述與 leg 的意思相關，即： “…as a training leg”; “…Then the next 55 lilometre leg will be the first competitive part of the tour”; “The second racing leg of the tour…”。從以上的表述來看，leg這個詞既含有training的意思，也含有race的意思。A選項只含有“race”的意思、B、C兩個選項只含有 training 的意思，只有D選項既含有 race 的意思也含有training 的意思，符合文意，因此，是正確答案。

　　6. 根據(jù)文章的背景進行判斷。如：

　　JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students — 18 boys and 2 girls —had a thousand reasons to be proud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung(階梯)out of 4 million students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest (競賽)on Tuesday evening.

　　The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14. ‘Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. It is just unbelievable!’ said a teacher from Guangdong province.

　　The underlined phrase ‘figure out’ in the text means ______.

　　A. work out                  B. add up                    C. guess                    D. study

　　文段敘述的是第五屆全國華羅庚杯數(shù)學競賽的獲獎情況，劃線部分的“them”指的是“many of the problems”，因此，根據(jù)文段所敘述的競賽這一背景，可以斷定劃線部分的動詞應該是計算的意思，只有A選項符合文意，因此，是可能正確的答案。

　　又如：I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang. It was an eccentric (怪僻的) farmer. I had never met him before although I had often heard people talk about him. He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understood anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident. I hadn’t the slightest idea who she was but I obviously had to go…

　　Milly had clearly been a secret lover of his. I was about to tell him he could not expect me to cover anything up when he opened the barn door.He lifted his candle and I saw a dark figure on the ground. “She was such a good cow! I wouldn’t let anyone but a doctor touch her!” he said, and burst into tears again.

　　The person who told the story is probably a ______.

　　A. farmer　　             B. policeman               C. country doctor　    D. newspaper reporter

　　從第一段所交代的背景我們知道，作者在晚上正要睡覺的時候，由于有人發(fā)生意外事故而被一個農(nóng)民打電話叫了出去。因此，我們可以作出這樣的推斷：作者是一位醫(yī)生，因為有人發(fā)生意外而被叫出去出診。在第二段作者又引用了那位農(nóng)民的原話“它是一頭這么好的牛，除了醫(yī)生，我不會讓任何人摸它”，因此，我們可以比較有把握地得出結(jié)論，作者是一位鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)生，所以C選項是正確答案。

　　7. 根據(jù)同位結(jié)構(gòu)進行判斷。如：

　　Quietly, the graying of America has made us a very different society— one in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior (行為)is suitable (合適) at various ages.

　　The underlined word ‘one’ refers to ______.

　　A. a society                 B. America                   C. a place                   D. population

　　從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，one與society是同位關系，因此，A選項符合題意，是正確答案。

　　8.根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)進行判斷。如：

　　In 1963 a schoolboy called Andrew Wiles reading in his school library came across the world’s greatest mathematical problem: Fermat’s Last Theorem (定理). First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Poly-technique.

　　Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?

　　A. To encourage people to raise questions.

　　B. To cause difficulty in understanding.

　　C. To provide a person with an explanation.

　　D. To limit people’s imagination.

　　在“the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds”這個句子中，并列連詞and起著很重要的提示作用，因為它意味著被它連接起來的兩個動詞在意義上有一致性。“had beaten the finest mathematical minds”可以理解為“擊敗了一些頂級的數(shù)學家”，而這個定理之所以可以“擊敗一些頂級的數(shù)學家”不外乎是因為它太難了，因此我們可以順理成章地把baffle與difficult聯(lián)系在一起。我們可以試圖這樣理解這句話“這個定理難住并擊敗了一些頂級的數(shù)學家”。四個選項中B選項最接近這個意思，所以，它是一個正確的可能性最大的選項。又如：

　　A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.

　　What does the underlined word “hassle” (paragraph 1) probably mean?

　　A. a party designed by specialists

　　B. a plan requiring careful thought

　　C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble

　　D. a demand made by guests

　　根據(jù)“A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun”，這兩個分句之間的轉(zhuǎn)折關系我們可以推斷出“hassle”與“fun”應該是一對反義詞。A、B、D 三個選項與這個判斷都不吻合，只有C選項與這個判斷比較一致，因此，C選項是唯一可能正確的答案。

　　以上所敘只是推測、判斷詞義的一些基本規(guī)律。要提高這方面的閱讀能力，最主要的還是靠自己進行大量的閱讀，在閱讀實踐中不斷總結(jié)經(jīng)驗，找出其中的規(guī)律，并且融會貫通地運用它們指導自己的閱讀。