高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解得分秘籍：理解作者的意圖

　　在英語(yǔ)考試中，閱讀理解往往是決定成敗的關(guān)鍵，巧解閱讀理解中關(guān)于作者意圖、觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度的問(wèn)題是在閱讀理解中取勝的關(guān)鍵法寶。

　　作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題就是指針對(duì)作者的寫作意圖、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度和對(duì)事件的評(píng)價(jià)設(shè)問(wèn)的閱讀理解題目。作者在文章中不僅客觀地進(jìn)行敘述和說(shuō)明，往往還持有某種態(tài)度，如對(duì)某一觀點(diǎn)或贊同或反對(duì)，或肯定或批評(píng)。因此這類題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)作者的觀點(diǎn)、感情、態(tài)度、寫作目的和意圖的理解能力。

　　作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度除了直接表達(dá)外，還經(jīng)常在文章中間接表達(dá)出來(lái)。考生可以通過(guò)全文的敘述，從文章的主要內(nèi)容去理解作者的觀點(diǎn)；有時(shí)作者也會(huì)在文章中用特殊的詞匯表達(dá)自己的思想感情。同學(xué)們要從文章中的用詞、語(yǔ)氣或?qū)δ硞�(gè)細(xì)節(jié)的陳述來(lái)推斷作者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等。

　　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題的題干形式：作者態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)題考查目標(biāo)比較明確，題干一般都含有according to the writer, attitude, opinion, believe, consider, regard等詞或短語(yǔ)。這類題目除了考查作者在整篇文章中所表現(xiàn)的態(tài)度和寫作意圖外，有的還考查作者對(duì)具體的某個(gè)人或事物的態(tài)度或評(píng)價(jià)。作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)廈題的題干主要有以下幾種形式：

　　1) What is the purpose of the text?／The purpose of the passage is to         .

　　2) What is the opinion of the writer in this passage?

　　3) What's the author's attitude towards…?

　　4) Who are the intended readers of the passage?

　　5) What does the author mean by saying "…"?

　　6) From the…paragraph, what do you think the author wants to tell us?

　　作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題的解題方法：作者的態(tài)度和立場(chǎng)一般分為三大類：支持、贊同、樂(lè)觀；客觀、中立；反對(duì)、批評(píng)、懷疑、悲觀。同學(xué)們除了可以通過(guò)在文中尋找?guī)в懈星樯�彩的詞來(lái)判斷作者的態(tài)度外，有時(shí)還需要綜合運(yùn)用一些閱讀方法，如：根據(jù)文章中與問(wèn)題相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)做出判斷，根據(jù)作者提供的例證推斷其暗示的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)，有時(shí)還需要同學(xué)們通讀全文并把握文章的主旨，最后做出正確選擇。下面我們以2008年部分省市高考題為例，具體分析作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題的解題方法。

　　例1：

　　On the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my father's friends for lunch at an outdoor café. We walked along that afternoon, did some shopping, ate at the street table, and lauded over my son's funny facial expressions. Gone was my father's critical(挑剔的) air and strict rules. Who was this person I knew as my father, who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around? What had held him back before?    (2008年全國(guó)卷I A篇)

　　58. What does the author think of her father after her visit to Tucson?

　　A. More critical.

　　B. More talkative.

　　C. Gentle and friendly.

　　D. Strict and hard-working.

　　【解析】本題問(wèn)作者對(duì)父親的看法。A．更挑剔了；B．更健談了；C．溫和而友好；D．嚴(yán)厲而且勤奮。此題需要從文章的細(xì)節(jié)描寫著手找到答案。根據(jù)"Gone was my father's critical(挑剔的)air and strict rules"和"…who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around"這兩句可推知作者感覺(jué)父親不像從前那么嚴(yán)厲、難以相處了，父親現(xiàn)在看起來(lái)友好而且有趣。答案選C。

　　例2：

　　People believe that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, you're wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms(體育館)….

　　How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and a harness (保護(hù)帶) around your chest to hold you. …A beginner's wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. …The most difficult part is to control your fear….

　　Climbing attracts people because it's good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger. (2008年安徽卷C篇)

　　67. Why does the author write this passage?

　　A. To tell people where to find gyms.

　　B. To prove the basic need for climbing.

　　C. To encourage people to climb mountains.

　　D. To introduce the sport of wall climbing.

　　【解析】題目問(wèn)作者的寫作目的，這在文章中并沒(méi)有指明，需要同學(xué)們通讀全文來(lái)把握文章大意。從全文來(lái)看，本文主要講述的是攀登運(yùn)動(dòng)越來(lái)越受到人們的青睞，但也需要訓(xùn)練，詳盡地介紹了對(duì)身體有益的室內(nèi)攀登運(yùn)動(dòng)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)對(duì)作者寫作意圖表述如下：A．告訴人們哪里有體育館；B．證明人們對(duì)攀登有著最基本的需求；c．鼓勵(lì)人們?nèi)サ巧�；D．介紹室內(nèi)攀登這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)A不是文章的主題；選項(xiàng)B在文章結(jié)尾段雖有涉及，但也算不上是主要內(nèi)容；作者雖然提及了攀登的好處，但并未明確鼓勵(lì)人們參與此項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，因此C不正確。答案為D。