2011年高考英語必考的40個重點句型(3)

　　句型21
　　(1)、疑問詞+ever whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever,
　　wherever, however用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當于no matter和what, who, which, when, where, how連用。
　　[例句]
　　Whatever (=No matter what) may happen, we shall not lose hope.
　　無論發(fā)生什么事，我們都不能失去希望。
　　Whatever reasons you (may) have, you should carry out a promise. 無論你有什么理由，你都應(yīng)該遵守諾言。
　　Whoever (=No matter who) comes, he will be warmly welcome. 無論誰來，都會受到熱烈歡迎。
　　Whenever (=No matter when) it happened, it was certainly not yesterday.
　　此事無論發(fā)生在何時，但絕不是昨天。
　　Whenever you (may) call, you will find her sitting by the window. 無論什么時候你去找她，你都會看到她坐在窗邊。
　　Wherever (=No matter where) he went, he made friends with people.
　　Whichever (=No matter which) of them you many choose, the quality will be the same.
　　他們當中不論你選哪一個，品質(zhì)都一樣。
　　However (=No matter how) hard I have tried, I can't find the answer.
　　(2)、whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever等引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，這時不能用no matter+疑問詞替換。
　　[例句]
　　Take whichever you want. 你要哪個就拿哪個。
　　We will do whatever we can to help him out. 我們要盡力幫助他擺脫困境。
　　I'll show you whatever you want to see. 你想看什么我就給你看什么。
　　Whoever did this job must be rewarded. 無論誰做這件事都要得到報酬。
　　Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold. 任何人在這種大雨中行走都會患感冒。
　　You may invite whomever(口語中常用whoever代替)you like to the party. 你可以邀請你喜歡的人來參加晚會。
　　Take whatever magazines you want to read. 你可以取閱任何你想讀的雜志。
　　倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)

　　句型22
　　全倒裝句型(一)
　　here, there, out, in, up, down, now, then, away等副詞放在句首，句子需要全部倒裝
　　[例句]
　　There goes the bell! = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了!
　　Here comes the bus. =The bus is coming. 汽車來了。
　　Now comes your turn to make a short speech. 該輪到你發(fā)言了。
　　Away went the thief when he saw the police.
　　Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 我們期盼的時候到了。
　　[注意]
　　(1)在這種情況下倒裝僅限于不及物動詞或be動詞，像go, come, rush, live, stand, lie等。
　　(2)主語是人稱代詞時不要倒裝。如：Away he went. 他走遠了。

　　句型23
　　全倒裝句型(二)
　　表示方位的狀語放在句首，句子全倒裝;謂語動詞多為be, lie, stand, sit, come, walk, run, stop etc. 不及物動詞。
　　[例句]
　　On a hill in front of them stands a great castle. 在他們面前的山上矗立著一座巨大的城堡。
　　In front of the house stopped a police car. 房子的全面停著一輛警車。
　　Around the corner walks a young policeman. 拐角處有個年輕的警察在行走。
　　Under the tree sat a boy of about ten. 在樹下坐著一個大約10歲的男孩。

　　句型24
　　全倒裝句型(三)
　　(表語)adj. / v-ing / v-ed +(地點狀語)+ be(或其他動詞形式)…
　　So adj./adv…that…如此……以至于……(so引導(dǎo)的句子倒裝，而that引導(dǎo)的句子不倒裝!) (這種結(jié)構(gòu)是半倒裝句。)
　　[例句]
　　Present at the meeting were the manager, all the designers and the writer. 出席會議的有經(jīng)理，設(shè)計師和詞作者。
　　Fastened to the pole is the National flag. 旗桿上有一面國旗。
　　Hidden behind the door were some naughty children. 有幾個頑皮的孩子藏在門后面。
　　Sitting at the back of the classroom were several old teachers, listening attentively to the new teacher. 坐在教室后面的是幾位老教師，他們在認真地聽新教師的課。
　　Gone are the days when farmers lived in the poor houses.
　　農(nóng)民住在破舊房子里的日子過去了。
　　Typical for China is the crosstalk show, where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play. 相聲是中國典型的喜劇，兩個演員通過玩弄詞藻來逗樂觀眾。
　　So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
　　他說英語非常清晰，別人都能聽懂他的話。
　　So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光運行非常快，我們幾乎無法想象它的速度。

　　句型25
　　半倒裝句(一)
　　否定意義的副詞或短語放在句首，句子半倒裝。這樣的副詞主要有：little, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, never, not at all, by no means(決不), at no time(在任何時候都不)，nowhere, in no case (無論如何都不);not in the least (=not at all) , on no condition(決不) 等。
　　[例句]
　　Never shall I forget you.
　　At no time was the man aware of what was happening. 那個人根本沒有注意到發(fā)生的情況。
　　Little did I understand what he said to me at that time. 我那時幾乎沒有明白他給我說的話。
　　It's beyond description. Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet, beautiful place.
　　那真是用語言難以形容。世界上沒有其他地方會有這么安靜、美麗的地方了。
　　Not a single mistake did he make in the exam. 他在考試中沒有犯一個錯誤。
　　By no means are these works of art satisfactory. 這些藝術(shù)品根本不能令人滿意。
　　On no condition should you visit that place. 你決不能去那個地方。

　　句型26
　　半倒裝句(二)
　　not only…, but also…(前一分句倒裝，后一分句不倒裝)
　　[例句]
　　Not only was everything he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship was taken away. 不僅他擁有的一切被那走了，就連他的德國國籍也被取消了。
　　They suggested not only should we attend the party but also give a performance. 他們建議我們不僅要參加晚會，還要進行表演。
　　Not only should we students study hard, we also should know how to enjoy ourselves in our spare time. 我們學(xué)生不僅要學(xué)習(xí)好，還應(yīng)該知道在課余時間怎樣享受生活。

　　句型27
　　半倒裝句(三)
　　neither, nor放在句首
　　[例句]
　　If you don't go to see the movie, neither will I. 如果你不去看電影，我也不去。
　　--Why didn't you buy the jacket?
　　--Neither was the price satisfactory, nor did the color agree with me.
　　價格不能令人滿意，顏色也不太適合我。
　　I don't like him, nor do I care about him. 我不喜歡他，也不關(guān)心他。

　　句型28
　　半倒裝句(四)
　　"only + 狀語"放在句首，句子半倒裝
　　[例句]
　　Only when the war was over did he return to work. 直到戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束他才回去工作。
　　Only after you have reached eighteen can you join the army. 你只有到了18歲才能參軍。
　　Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.
　　只有這樣，我們對生活中的機遇和挑戰(zhàn)才會有充分的準備。
　　Only by changing the way we live will we be able to save the earth.
　　只有改變生活方式，我們才能拯救地球。
　　[注意]這種結(jié)構(gòu)的倒裝只在only引導(dǎo)狀語的時候使用，only引導(dǎo)主語的時候不用倒裝。
　　Only in this way can you work out the problem. 你只有用這種方法才能做出題目。
　　Only this way can help you work out the problem. 只有這種方法才能幫你做出題目。

　　句型29
　　半倒裝句(五)
　　so + be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞等 + 主語 "……也……"(表示肯定意思)
　　neither/nor +動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞等 + 主語 "……也……"(表示否定意思)
　　[例句]
　　She is interested in the story, so am I.
　　He enjoys playing the guitar, so do I.
　　I saw the film last night, so did he.
　　In the past 20 years, our society has changed a lot, so have our eating habits.
　　近20年來。我們的社會發(fā)生了很大的變化，我們的飲食習(xí)慣也變了。
　　Tom didn't attend the meeting last night; nor did Mary. Tom沒來參加昨晚的會議，Mary也沒來。
　　I have never been abroad. Neither/Nor has Tom.
　　[比較1] "so + 主語 + 助動詞" 表示肯定已有的觀點或事實
　　[例句]
　　-We have all worked hard these days.
　　-So we have.(的確如此)
　　I promised to help him, and so I did.(我確實幫助他了)
　　[比較2] "主語 + 助動詞 + so" 表示按照別人的要求去做
　　[例句]
　　The wounded little boy asked me to lift him up and I did so.
　　The doctor asked Charlie to breathe deeply and he did so.

　　句型30
　　so it is with somebody = it's the same with somebody前者怎么
　　樣，后者也怎么樣
　　[注意]前面既有否定句又有肯定句，或有多個謂語動詞或助動詞難以選擇時，用此句型。
　　[例句]
　　John likes English but he doesn't like maths, so it is with me (so it is the same with me).
　　Tom is a student and he studies hard, so it is with me.
　　-He was really manly enough to be responsible for what he had done. 他像個男子漢，敢于對自己的所作所為負責(zé)。
　　-So he was, and so it was with you. 他的確如此，你當時也一樣。
　　虛擬語氣

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