2020年新冠肺炎最新高考知識(shí)點(diǎn)--英語(yǔ)(2)

　　02、“新型冠狀病毒”英語(yǔ)高頻句型

　　01 簡(jiǎn)單句型

　　1.The novel coronaviruses typically cause respiratory symptoms。

　　新型冠狀病毒通常會(huì)引起呼吸綜合征。

　　2.So we recommend a basic hand hygiene，such as washing your hands with soap and water, and respiratory hygiene, such as wearing a N95 respirator when you have to be outside.

　　所以我們建議保持基本的手衛(wèi)生，比如用肥皂和水洗手。還要保持呼吸道衛(wèi)生，比如在不得不外出時(shí)佩戴N95口罩。

　　3.CCDC have designated N95 filtering disposable respirators as appropriate in helping to reduce exposure to airborne 2019-nCoV.

　　中國(guó)疾控中心已經(jīng)指定使用N95型一次性過(guò)濾口罩，用于幫助減少通過(guò)空氣傳播新型冠狀病毒的感染幾率。

　　上面這個(gè)句子里還有三個(gè)生活里經(jīng)常能用的新詞：

　　? filtering的意思是"過(guò)濾的";

　　? disposable的意思為"用完即扔，一次性";

　　? airborne意為"空氣傳播的"。

　　4.Scientists believe SARS was caused by cross-species transmission in the province—with the blame initially falling on masked palm civets, which are considered a delicacy.

　　科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為SARS是由于病毒的跨物種傳遞導(dǎo)致，并且將矛頭指向了一向被視作美味佳肴的果子貍。

　　蝙蝠就比較簡(jiǎn)單了，譯作bat。

　　5.Avoid close contact with anyone with cold or flu-like symptoms.

　　避免跟有感冒或流感癥狀的人密切接觸。

　　02 復(fù)雜句群

　　1. 什么是冠狀病毒?

　　What is a coronavirus?

　　Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common among animals.

　　In rare cases, they are what scientists call zoonotic, meaning they can betransmitted (傳播，動(dòng)詞) from animals to humans, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

　　冠狀病毒是一大類常見(jiàn)于動(dòng)物的病毒的總稱。

　　據(jù)美國(guó)疾病控制和預(yù)防中心稱，在極少數(shù)情況下，科學(xué)家稱之為“人畜共患疾病”，這意味著它們可以從動(dòng)物傳染給人類。

　　2. 傳播途徑

　　How it spreads

　　Viruses can spread from human contact (接觸) with animals.

　　When it comes to human-to-human transmission (傳播，名詞) of the viruses, often it happens when someone comes into contact with an infected person's secretions (分泌物), such as droplets (小水滴，飛沫) in a cough.

　　Depending>exposure (暴露，接觸). The virus can also be transmitted by touching something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes.

　　病毒可通過(guò)人類與動(dòng)物的接觸傳播。

　　病毒在人與人之間傳播時(shí)，通常發(fā)生在接觸到感染者的分泌物時(shí)，例如咳嗽時(shí)的飛沫。

　　根據(jù)病毒的毒力，咳嗽、打噴嚏或握手都可能導(dǎo)致暴露。這種病毒也可以通過(guò)觸摸被感染者觸摸過(guò)的東西，然后觸摸嘴、鼻子或眼睛來(lái)傳播。

　　3. 新型冠狀病毒感染的治療

　　Coronavirus treatment

　　There is no specific treatment, but research is underway. Most of the time, symptoms willgo away>

　　Doctors can relieve (緩解) symptoms by prescribing (開(kāi)處方) a pain or fever medication.

　　目前還沒(méi)有具體的治療方法，但研究仍在進(jìn)行中。多數(shù)情況下癥狀會(huì)自行消失，但專家建議盡早尋求治療。如果癥狀比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)感冒更嚴(yán)重，請(qǐng)看醫(yī)生。

　　醫(yī)生可以通過(guò)開(kāi)止痛藥或退燒藥來(lái)緩解癥狀。

　　4. 新型冠狀病毒嚴(yán)重程度

　　Should you worry about the Wuhan coronavirus?

　　The Wuhan coronavirus fatality rate (致死率) is lower than for SARS and MERS, but stillcomparable (相當(dāng)) to the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic (大流行病). The fatality rate is likely to be lower due to an "iceberg" of milder cases we are yet to find.

　　武漢冠狀病毒死亡率低于SARS和MERS，但仍與1918年西班牙流感大流行相當(dāng)。真實(shí)的病死率可能會(huì)更低，因?yàn)榭赡苡写罅枯^輕病例尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)。

　　5. 如何預(yù)防

　　How can you can prevent it?

　　You may be able to reduce your risk of infection (感染) by avoiding people who are sick. Try to avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth. Wash your hands often with soap and water and for at least 20 seconds.

　　Awareness is key. If you are sick and have reason to believe it may be the Wuhan coronavirus due to travel to the region or coming into contact with someone who has been there, you should let a health care provider know and seek treatment early.

　　Cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze, and disinfect (消毒) the objects and surfaces you touch.

　　可以通過(guò)避開(kāi)病人來(lái)降低感染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。盡量避免觸摸眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴。經(jīng)常用肥皂洗手，每次洗手至少20秒的時(shí)間。

　　預(yù)防意識(shí)是關(guān)鍵。如果你前往過(guò)武漢或與曾去過(guò)那里的人接觸，有理由懷疑自己感染了武漢冠狀病毒，應(yīng)報(bào)告醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)并盡早尋求治療。

　　咳嗽或噴嚏時(shí)捂住口鼻，并對(duì)觸摸的物體和表面進(jìn)行消毒。

　　3、“新型冠狀病毒”英語(yǔ)閱讀

　　What is a coronavirus?

　　什么是冠狀病毒?

　　Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that range from the common cold to MERS coronavirus, which is Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus and SARS, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus.

　　冠狀病毒是一個(gè)病毒群，包括引起普通感冒的病毒、中東呼吸綜合征(MERS)冠狀病毒和嚴(yán)重呼吸綜合征(SARS)冠狀病毒等。

　　Where do coronaviruses come from?

　　冠狀病毒源自何處?

　　Coronaviruses are circulating in animals and some of these corona viruses have the capability of transmitting between animals and humans. We call that a spillover event.

　　冠狀病毒在動(dòng)物中循環(huán)，有些冠狀病毒具備在動(dòng)物和人之間傳播的能力。我們稱其為溢出事件。

　　How can I help protect myself from a coronavirus?

　　如何避免自己感染冠狀病毒?

　　The coronaviruses typically cause respiratory symptoms. So we recommend a basic hand hygiene, such as washing your hands with soap and water, and respiratory hygiene, such as when you sneeze, sneezing into your elbow.

　　冠狀病毒通常會(huì)引起呼吸道癥狀。因此，我們建議要保持基本的手衛(wèi)生，比如用肥皂和水洗手。還要注意呼吸道衛(wèi)生，比如打噴嚏時(shí)，曲肘遮住口鼻。

　　Ways to protect yourself against a potential animal source would be to avoid unnecessary, unprotected contact with live animals and to make sure that you wash your hands thoroughly after contact with an animal, and also to make sure that your meat is cooked thoroughly before consuming.

　　保護(hù)自己免于動(dòng)物來(lái)源感染的方式包括：避免在未加防護(hù)的情況下與活的動(dòng)物有不必要的接觸;要確保接觸動(dòng)物后徹底洗手;還要確保肉食全做熟后才能食用。

　　Is there a treatment?

　　有治療方法嗎?

　　There are no specific treatments for coronaviruses, but symptoms can be treated.

　　針對(duì)冠狀病毒沒(méi)有特異治療方法，但可以對(duì)癥治療。

　　外媒：WHO官網(wǎng)預(yù)警報(bào)告

　　CDC is closely monitoring an outbreak of respiratory illness caused by a novel (new) coronavirus (termed “2019-nCoV”) that was first detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China and which continues to expand. Chinese health officials have reported hundreds of infections with 2019-nCoV in China, including outside of Hubei Province. A number of countries, including the United States, have been actively screening incoming travelers from Wuhan and human infections with 2019-nCoV have been confirmed in Taiwan, Thailand, Japan, and South Korea.

　　中國(guó)疾控中心正在密切監(jiān)測(cè)由一種新型(新)冠狀病毒(被命名為為“2019nCoV”)引起的呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病的爆發(fā)，這種病毒首次在中國(guó)湖北省武漢市被發(fā)現(xiàn)，并繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大。中國(guó)衛(wèi)生官員報(bào)告說(shuō)，包括湖北省以及其他省份，在中國(guó)已有數(shù)百人感染。包括美國(guó)在內(nèi)的多個(gè)國(guó)家一直在積極篩查武漢入境旅客，臺(tái)灣、泰國(guó)、日本和韓國(guó)也證實(shí)了2019nCoV感染。

　　Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses, some causing illness in people and others that circulate among animals, including camels, cats and bats. Rarely, animal coronaviruses can evolve and infect people and then spread between people such as has been seen with MERS and SARS. When person-to-person spread has occurred with SARS and MERS, it is thought to have happened via respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes, similar to how influenza and other respiratory pathogens spread. Spread of SARS and MERS between people has generally occurred between close contacts. Past MERS and SARS outbreaks have been complex, requiring comprehensive public health responses.

　　冠狀病毒是一個(gè)大的病毒家族，有些會(huì)導(dǎo)致人的疾病，有些會(huì)在動(dòng)物間傳播，包括駱駝、貓和蝙蝠。很少有動(dòng)物冠狀病毒能進(jìn)化并感染人，然后在人與人之間傳播，如MERS和SARS。SARS和MERS的人際傳播途徑感染者咳嗽或打噴嚏時(shí)產(chǎn)生的呼吸道飛沫，類似于流感和其他呼吸道病原體的傳播方式。SARS和MERS的傳播一般發(fā)生于人際密切接觸。既往的MERS和SARS疫情非常復(fù)雜，需要全面的公共衛(wèi)生應(yīng)對(duì)措施。

　　Early on, many of the patients in the outbreak in Wuhan, China reportedly had some link to a large seafood and animal market, suggesting animal-to-person spread. However, a growing number of patients reportedly have not had exposure to animal markets, suggesting person-to-person spread is occurring. At this time, it’s unclear how easily or sustainably this virus is spreading between people.

　　早些時(shí)候，據(jù)報(bào)道，在中國(guó)武漢爆發(fā)的疫情中，許多患者與一個(gè)大型海鮮和動(dòng)物市場(chǎng)有一定關(guān)聯(lián)，暗示動(dòng)物對(duì)人傳播。然而從報(bào)道來(lái)看，越來(lái)越多的病人并沒(méi)有接觸過(guò)動(dòng)物市場(chǎng)，這表明人際傳播正在發(fā)生。目前，尚不清楚這種病毒在人與人之間傳播的容易程度和可持續(xù)性。

　　Outbreaks of novel virus infections among people are always of public health concern. The risk from these outbreaks depends on characteristics of the virus, including whether and how well it spreads between people, the severity of resulting illness, and the medical or other measures available to control the impact of the virus (for example, vaccine or treatment medications).

　　新病毒在人群中的爆發(fā)一直是公共衛(wèi)生關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。這些暴發(fā)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)取決于病毒的特性，包括病毒是否人際傳播、傳播的程度、由此引起的疾病的嚴(yán)重程度、以及有無(wú)醫(yī)療或其他措施(例如疫苗或藥物治療)來(lái)控制病毒產(chǎn)生的影響。

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