2019年高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：并列連詞和從屬連詞(2)

　　綜觀近幾年全國(guó)各省市的高考題，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)均加大了對(duì)連詞應(yīng)用的考查。由此可見(jiàn)連詞在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)用中的重要性，下面我們結(jié)合相關(guān)的例句和知識(shí)點(diǎn)來(lái)分析和掌握連詞的考查方向和內(nèi)容。

　　一、并列連詞

　　1. 表并列關(guān)系（聯(lián)合關(guān)系）： and, but, not…but, not only…but（ａｌｓｏ）, neither…nor等。

　　【注意1】 both…and（兩者都……），連接句子的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用使用復(fù)數(shù)形式；not only…but（ａｌｓｏ）與neither…nor則采取"就近原則"。

　　如： She plays not only the piano, but （also） the guitar.

　　Neither you nor he is to blame.

　　【注意2】 not only…but （also）與as well as 兩者強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象不同： not only…but also強(qiáng)調(diào)的是but （also）之后部分，而as well as則強(qiáng)調(diào)其前面的部分。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)判斷上not only…but （also）采取"就近原則"，而as well as，則采取"就遠(yuǎn)原則"。

　　如： Mr. Smith, as well as his wife and children, has come to Nanjing for a visit.

　　【注意3】 not only…but（also）結(jié)構(gòu)中的not only可用于句首引導(dǎo)從句，在這種情況下該從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)要倒裝。

　　如： Not only is he clever, but also he is hard working.

　　Not only did we write to her but also we telegraphed her.

　　2. 表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系： but, yet, still, while, however, when等。

　　【注意4】 while可以表示"盡管、即使"。另外，while還可以表示兩者進(jìn)行對(duì)比的用法。

　　如： Bob likes playing basket ball, while his brother likes football.

　　She has difficulty in learning English, however, she works hard and is making rapid progress.

　　3. 表選擇關(guān)系： or, otherwise, or else, either…or等。

　　【注意5】 either…or句型中謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式也要采取"就近原則"。

　　如： We must hurry, or we'll miss the train.      Either Jim or you are going to attend the course.

　　4.表因果關(guān)系： for, since, because, as, so, thus, therefore, and so等。

　　如： We had better stay at home, for it was raining.

　　He didn't work hard, therefore he failed in the examination.

　　He was late for class because he got up late.

　　二、從屬連詞

　　1. when, while, as都表示"當(dāng)……時(shí)候"： when引導(dǎo)的從句的動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作可同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可先后發(fā)生; as和while引導(dǎo)的從句則強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。

　　如： When I got to the station, the train had already left.       He sang merrily as he was working.

　　2. till, until均表示"到……時(shí)候?yàn)橹?quot;，肯定句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)作；若主句謂語(yǔ)是終止性動(dòng)詞，則主句要用否定形式，意為動(dòng)作"到……才……"開(kāi)始發(fā)生。

　　如： I worked till late at night.        She didn't get up until her mother came in.

　　【注意6】 till和until通常情況下可以互換，只是在句首時(shí)until比till更常用。

　　3. though, although均引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為"雖然……"，但although較正式，though最常用。

　　如： We had to wait half an hour although we had already booked a table.

　　【注意7】 though和although引導(dǎo)的從句不能與but／however連用，但可以與yet／still連用。though還可以與別的詞結(jié)合使用，如even though／as though, although則不能這樣搭配。

　　4. no sooner…than, hardly…when, as soon as三者都表示"一……就"，"剛剛……就"的意思。

　　【注意8】 as soon as 置于主句前后都可以，而且各種時(shí)態(tài)均可作用。

　　如： As soon as she gets here I'll tell her about it.

　　【注意9】 hardly…when, no sooner…than不能表示將來(lái)的事，其主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句則用過(guò)去時(shí)。若將hardly或no sooner放在句首，句子要倒裝。

　　如： She had hardly reached there when it began to rain.

　　5. 某些表示時(shí)間的名詞（詞組）也可用作從屬連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。它們是：the moment, the minute, the instant, the day, the time, the first （ｓｅcond, third…）time, the spring （summer, autumn, winter）, every（ｅａｃｈ）, next, ａｎｙ time（ｄay）, by the time等。

　　如： His mother died the spring he returned.       Call me up the minute he arrives.

　　6. if, once, unless, in case四者都表示"條件"，但if意為"如果、假使"；once意為"一旦"；unless意為"除非"；in case意為"萬(wàn)一、以防"。

　　如： I won't call you, unless something unexpected happens.    Once you begin, you must continue.